lab 5 - the heart

False

It is responsible for the contraction of the heart and pumping blood.

<p>fibrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right atrium = Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation Left atrium = Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs Right ventricle = Pumps blood to the lungs Left ventricle = Pumps blood to the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior Vena Cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pectinate Muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior Vena Cava = Returns blood from upper body Inferior Vena Cava = Returns blood from lower body Coronary Sinus = Returns blood from coronary circulation Pulmonary Trunk = Carries blood from right ventricle to lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent valve prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding with oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fossa ovalis and ligamentum arteriosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap Junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>platelet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes = Transport oxygen Leukocytes = Fight against invaders Platelets = Assist in clotting Neutrophils = Engage in phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillary muscles and Chordae Tendineae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle for delivery to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pericardium consists of the fibrous pericardium, which provides protection, and the serous pericardium, which reduces friction around the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interventricular septum is a thick wall of myocardium that separates the left and right ventricles, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heart wall consists of the epicardium (the outer layer), myocardium (the muscle layer responsible for contraction), and endocardium (the inner lining).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The auricle helps increase the volume of the atria to accept blood from the vascular system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood from the vessels into the ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus arteriosus becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior interventricular sulcus is a surface groove that marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chordae tendineae, anchored to the papillary muscles, prevent the cusps from being pushed back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The superior vena cava returns blood from the head, neck, and upper extremities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trabeculae carneae are muscular ridges that help strengthen the ventricular walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tricuspid valve has three cusps, while the bicuspid valve has two cusps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intercalated disks link cardiac muscle cells both structurally and functionally, allowing for coordinated contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes are biconcave cells that lack nuclei and are primarily composed of hemoglobin for oxygen transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytes are larger than erythrocytes and possess dark staining nuclei that vary in shape; they are essential for the immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemopoiesis is the production of blood cells originating from pluripotent stem cells in the red bone marrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arteries have thicker, more muscular walls to withstand higher pressure, while veins have thinner walls and often contain valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Platelets are critical for forming a plug at injury sites and releasing factors that help in blood clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin consists of the protein globin and heme groups, which contain iron that binds to oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right Atrium = Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation Left Atrium = Receives oxygenated blood from lungs Right Ventricle = Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs Left Ventricle = Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrous Pericardium = The outer layer that encases the heart Parietal Pericardium = Layer attached to the inner surface of fibrous pericardium Visceral Pericardium = Also known as epicardium Serous Fluid = Decreases friction around the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epicardium = Most superficial layer, simple squamous epithelium Myocardium = Muscular layer responsible for contraction Endocardium = Lines the heart chambers and valves Subendocardial Layer = Contains connective tissue and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red Blood Cells = Transport oxygen through hemoglobin White Blood Cells = Involved in immune response Platelets = Play a role in clotting Neutrophils = Engulf and digest pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interventricular Septum = Divides the ventricles Chambers = Atria and ventricles of the heart Auricles = Pouch-like extensions of the atria Chordae Tendineae = Prevent backflow in atrioventricular valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary Trunk = Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs Aorta = The largest artery that distributes oxygenated blood to the body Superior Vena Cava = Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart Interventricular Septum = Separates the left and right ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes = Transport oxygen throughout the body Leukocytes = Defend against infections and foreign invaders Neutrophils = Engage in phagocytosis to eliminate pathogens Platelets = Assist in blood clotting processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intercalated Disks = Facilitate communication between cardiac cells Desmosomes = Hold cardiac cells tightly together Gap Junctions = Allow ion exchange for electrical signaling Mitochondria = Supply energy for muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left Atrium = Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins Right Atrium = Receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava Left Ventricle = Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta Right Ventricle = Pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin = Protein responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells Plasma = Liquid extracellular matrix that carries blood cells Erythrocytes = Biconcave cells without nuclei that transport oxygen Leukocytes = Larger cells with nuclei that play roles in immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary Veins = Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart Brachiocephalic Artery = Supplies blood to the right arm and head Pulmonary Arteries = Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Aorta = Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils = Most abundant leukocytes, primarily involved in phagocytosis Lymphocytes = Produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens Monocytes = Differentiate into macrophages for debris clearance Basophils = Release histamines during allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Branched structure = Distinct feature that aids in coordinated contractions Single nucleus = Characteristic that differentiates cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle Intercalated disks = Key feature ensuring strong adhesion in muscle cells Gap junctions = Facilitate electrical connectivity between muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tricuspid Valve = Between right atrium and right ventricle Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve = Between left atrium and left ventricle Pulmonary Semilunar Valve = Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk Aortic Semilunar Valve = Between left ventricle and aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior Vena Cava = Returns blood from head and neck to the heart Inferior Vena Cava = Returns blood from abdomen and lower extremities Coronary Sinus = Returns deoxygenated blood from coronary circulation Pulmonary Trunk = Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Base of heart = Flattened superior portion from which blood vessels emerge Apex = Inferior point that faces the left in anatomical position Auricle = Muscular extension of the atria that increases volume Interventricular Sulcus = Groove that separates the ventricles on the heart's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chordae Tendineae = Tendon cords that anchor AV valves to ventricles Papillary Muscles = Muscles that contract to help close AV valves Trabeculae Carneae = Ridges found on the walls of the ventricles Pectinate Muscle = Muscular ridges found in the atrial wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foramen Ovale = Allows blood flow from right atrium to left atrium Ductus Arteriosus = Shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta Fossa Ovalis = Remnant of foramen ovale post-birth Ligamentum Arteriosum = Remnant of ductus arteriosus post-birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrioventricular Valve = Prevents backflow into the atria Semilunar Valve = Prevents backflow into the ventricles Tricuspid Valve = Has three cusps composed of endocardium Bicuspid Valve = Has two cusps allowing flow from left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronary Sinus = Returns blood from coronary circulation Left Atrioventricular Sulcus = Separates left atrium and left ventricle Right Atrioventricular Sulcus = Separates right atrium and right ventricle Anterior Interventricular Sulcus = On the anterior surface of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intercalated Disks = Facilitate electrical signal transmission between cells Papillary Muscles = Pull AV valve cusps closed during ventricular contraction Chordae Tendineae = Prevent AV valves from being everted into atria Trabeculae Carneae = Enhance the pumping efficiency of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers