Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes a modern system that integrates building size, total building area, and design according to an architect's vision?
Which of the following best describes a modern system that integrates building size, total building area, and design according to an architect's vision?
- Tourist Investment
- Investment Factor
- Building Control (correct)
- Old City System
- Occupancy Rate
The 'Kadro' and 'Decumanus' axes are fundamental to the gridiron plan in which type of cities?
The 'Kadro' and 'Decumanus' axes are fundamental to the gridiron plan in which type of cities?
- Greek (correct)
- Chinese
- Indian
- Roman
- Phoenician
Who is the author of the book 'Image of the City'?
Who is the author of the book 'Image of the City'?
- Kevin Lynch (correct)
- Hassan Fathi
- Le Corbusier
- Frank Lloyd Wright
- Frank Lloyd Wright
What is the minimum percentage of residential buildings typically required in a residential neighborhood?
What is the minimum percentage of residential buildings typically required in a residential neighborhood?
When designing roads on sloping land, which approach is generally preferred?
When designing roads on sloping land, which approach is generally preferred?
What is considered the basic planning unit at the city level?
What is considered the basic planning unit at the city level?
In a connected social housing system, why does an individual's share of square meters increase?
In a connected social housing system, why does an individual's share of square meters increase?
What does a planning program primarily represent?
What does a planning program primarily represent?
What element is specified within the urban system when defining a road (street)?
What element is specified within the urban system when defining a road (street)?
How is the net density of a residential area calculated?
How is the net density of a residential area calculated?
What consideration ensures sustainability in a residential complex according to the plan?
What consideration ensures sustainability in a residential complex according to the plan?
Given a plot of land measuring $1000 m^2$ with $400 m^2$ allocated as the unbuilt side area, what is the land occupancy factor?
Given a plot of land measuring $1000 m^2$ with $400 m^2$ allocated as the unbuilt side area, what is the land occupancy factor?
If a plot of land has an area of $2000 m^2$, a land occupancy factor of 40%, and a total floor area of $8000 m^2$, how many floors does the building have?
If a plot of land has an area of $2000 m^2$, a land occupancy factor of 40%, and a total floor area of $8000 m^2$, how many floors does the building have?
In an organizational plan, what does the building control system include?
In an organizational plan, what does the building control system include?
You know the net density of a residential area is the total number of residents divided by total area allocated for residential occupation. What is calculated by dividing the total number of residents by the area allocated only for residential occupation?
You know the net density of a residential area is the total number of residents divided by total area allocated for residential occupation. What is calculated by dividing the total number of residents by the area allocated only for residential occupation?
Which statement best describes the connection between design and function?
Which statement best describes the connection between design and function?
Who is credited with the linear city theory?
Who is credited with the linear city theory?
What is a common oversight when focusing solely on renewable energy and site conditions for sustainability?
What is a common oversight when focusing solely on renewable energy and site conditions for sustainability?
How does overlooking the local climate during road construction impact long-term infrastructural integrity?
How does overlooking the local climate during road construction impact long-term infrastructural integrity?
A city planner prioritizes increasing green spaces along traffic routes, potentially reducing the area available for residential buildings. How does this trade-off affect the population's quality of life, considering both environmental benefits and potential housing shortages?
A city planner prioritizes increasing green spaces along traffic routes, potentially reducing the area available for residential buildings. How does this trade-off affect the population's quality of life, considering both environmental benefits and potential housing shortages?
Flashcards
Modern system
Modern system
A relatively new system that deals with the total building area and the total balcony area are handled and designed according to the designer's idea.
Cardo and Decumanus
Cardo and Decumanus
The two main axes that generate the chessboard plan in cities.
Residential district
Residential district
A basic planning unit at the city level.
Individual's share of square meters in social housing
Individual's share of square meters in social housing
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Planning program
Planning program
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Road width (street)
Road width (street)
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Net density
Net density
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Sustainability in a community
Sustainability in a community
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Building code controls
Building code controls
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Gross population density
Gross population density
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Design relationship
Design relationship
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The Linear City Theory
The Linear City Theory
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Image of the City
Image of the City
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Roads on sloping land
Roads on sloping land
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Sustainability considerations
Sustainability considerations
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Land occupation factor with 40% and a total floor area of 8000 m²
Land occupation factor with 40% and a total floor area of 8000 m²
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Study Notes
- Auscultation assesses heart valve areas.
Auscultation Areas
- Aortic Area: Second right intercostal space at the sternal border.
- Pulmonic Area: Second left intercostal space at the sternal border.
- Tricuspid Area: Fourth left intercostal space at the sternal border.
- Mitral Area (Apex): Fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
Normal Heart Sounds
- Normal heart sounds includes $S_1$ and $S_2$, described as "lub" and "dub."
- $S_1$ is associated with mitral and tricuspid valve closure and marks the start of systole.
- $S_2$ is associated with aortic and pulmonic valve closure and marks the start of diastole.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
- Abnormal heart sounds include $S_3$, $S_4$, murmurs, and clicks.
- $S_3$ occurs in early diastole during rapid ventricular filling; heart failure indicator in older adults, normal in young.
- $S_4$ occurs in late diastole due to atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle, often indicates ventricular hypertrophy or ischemia.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- ECG graphically represents the heart's electrical activity.
ECG Waves
- P wave represents atrial depolarization.
- QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization.
- T wave represents ventricular repolarization.
Intervals and Segments
- PR interval measures the time from the start of atrial to ventricular depolarization.
- QT interval measures the time from the start of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization.
- ST segment measures the time from the end of ventricular depolarization to the start of ventricular repolarization.
Normal ECG Values
- Heart Rate should be 60-100 bpm
- PR interval should be 0.12-0.20 seconds
- QRS complex should be 0.06-0.10 seconds
- QT interval should be 0.36-0.44 seconds
Common ECG Abnormalities
- Arrhythmias represent irregular heart rhythms.
- Ischemia is indicated by ST segment depression or T wave inversion.
- Infarction is indicated by ST segment elevation and Q waves.
- Conduction Blocks represent delays or blocks in the electrical conduction pathway.
Cardiac Cycle
- The cardiac cycle has two main phases.
- Systole: Ventricular contraction and ejection of blood.
- Diastole: Ventricular relaxation and filling with blood.
Key Events
- Ventricular Filling: Blood flows from the atria into the ventricles.
- Atrial Contraction: Atria contract to complete ventricular filling.
- Isovolumetric Contraction: Ventricles contract with no change in volume.
- Ventricular Ejection: Blood is ejected into the pulmonary artery and aorta.
- Isovolumetric Relaxation: Ventricles relax with no change in volume.
Pressure and Volume Changes
- Ventricular Pressure: Increases during systole and decreases during diastole.
- Ventricular Volume: Increases during filling and decreases during ejection.
- Aortic Pressure: Rises during ventricular ejection and declines during diastole.
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