Heart Sounds and Murmurs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens at 0mV in terms of ion channel activity during repolarization?

  • Both Ca++ and K+ channels close
  • Ca++ channels open and K+ channels close
  • Ca++ channels close and K+ channels open (correct)
  • Both Ca++ and K+ channels open

    • Which component allows for the plateau phase in the cardiac action potential?

  • Na+ channels
  • K+ channels
  • Cl- channels
  • Ca++ channels (correct)

    • If not for endocrine control, how many times per minute would the SA node fire?

  • 40 - 60 times
  • 60 - 80 times
  • 100 - 120 times (correct)
  • 20 - 30 times

    • What is the abbreviation commonly used for Electrocardiogram?

    <p>EKG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart's electrical system has the lowest recorded firing rate?

    <p>Purkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of P wave in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Depolarization of the atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for delivering electrical impulses to ensure effective heart contractions?

    <p>Artificial pacemaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of AED's in cardiac care?

    <p>Correct fibrillations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the semilunar valves close?

    <p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for stroke volume in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>$70-80$ mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle represents relaxation and closure of semilunar valves?

    <p>Ventricular diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the atria in the heart?

    <p>Collect blood and push it into lower chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart is about the size of a typical athlete's fist?

    <p>Ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the heart from other structures surrounding it?

    <p>Pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart produces lubricating fluid for the pericardial cavity?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do CO2 leave and O2 enter in the heart's pulmonary capillaries?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the auricles in the heart?

    <p>Hold blood and empty into atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of endothelium in the heart?

    <p>Produce vasoconstrictors and regulate growth patterns of cardiac muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many septa are present in the heart?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the semilunar valves in the heart?

    <p>Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes valve disorders in the heart according to the text?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of anastomosis in coronary circulation?

    <p>To allow blood to flow even with partial blockages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of desmosomes in cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>Prevent cardiac muscle cells from ripping apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart sets the normal cardiac rhythm and is known as the pacemaker?

    <p>Sinoatrial node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cardiac contractile cells reach their plateau potential?

    <p>Na+ channels close.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Purkinje fibers in the heart?

    <p>To spread the impulse around the ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the audible sounds of a healthy heart referred to as?

    <p>S1 and S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does S2 occur in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Closing of semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Cardiac Output (CO) in liters per minute?

    <p>4 - 8 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating Cardiac Output (CO)?

    <p>CO = HR * SV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage range for normal Ejection Fraction?

    <p>50% - 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases Cardiac Output by up to 8 times during activity?

    <p>Sympathetic stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does nervous control of heart rate originate from?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance shortens the repolarization period in the heart due to sympathetic stimulation?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for increasing ventricular stretch in the heart?

    <p>Increased filling time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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