Heart Failure Concepts Quiz

<p>The pressure required to open the heart valves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ventricular dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left-sided heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afterload (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systolic heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased pulmonary pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking cessation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is venous congestion in the systemic circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance myocardial contractility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limit fluid intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treat underlying causes and improve cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1g sodium diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inotropic drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight gain of 3 lb over 2 days needs reporting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2g sodium diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase physical activity levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diuretics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frothy, pink-tinged sputum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lasix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrial fibrillation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cool extremities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid restriction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right-sided heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease fluid intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orthopnea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excess fluid volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering oxygen as needed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased shortness of breath (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small, frequent, sodium-restricted meals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practice deep breathing exercises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fostering adherence to drug regimens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung crackles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accurate intake &amp; output monitoring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preload, afterload, and contraction strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired cardiac pumping or filling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart rate, contractility, preload and afterload (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure required to open a valve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distended abdomen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrial fibrillation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak peripheral pulses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease afterload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nocturia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use a high Fowler's position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frothy sputum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lasix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hacking cough at night (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promote vasodilation and reduce afterload (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ineffective contraction of the left ventricle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral edema and jugular venous distention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alterations in preload, afterload, or heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid leaks into the interstitium and alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates impaired relaxation and filling of the left ventricle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right-sided heart failure due to backflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implementing a sodium-restricted diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced blood supply to the body's vital organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identify and treat underlying causes and contributing factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2g sodium diet for mild heart failure and 1g for severe heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diuretics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight gain of more than 3 lb over 2 days or 3-5 lb over a week (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sociocultural factors should be considered when planning nutrition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digoxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorporating physical and emotional rest as needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ineffective breathing pattern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implement fluid restriction and monitor intake and output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce peripheral edema and shortness of breath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide oxygen as needed and teach energy-saving techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instructing on medication adherence and self-care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear of worsening condition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promote yearly vaccinations and preventive care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teaching relaxation and range of motion exercises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung crackles and coughing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction (EDV).

The pressure required to open a valve; think about pushing against a door.

Volume of blood pumped out per heart beat, determined by preload, afterload, and contractility.

Amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute. Depends on heart rate, contractility, preload, and afterload.

A syndrome with impaired cardiac pumping/filling, poor ventricular function (ability to fill or eject blood).

A condition where the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to fluid buildup.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

A type of HF where the heart can't contract effectively to pump blood.

A type of HF where the heart can't relax and fill properly with blood.

HF affecting the left side of the heart, causing fluid buildup in the lungs.

HF affecting the right side of the heart, leading to fluid buildup in the body.

Treat the underlying cause and contributing factors, maximizing cardiac output and reducing cardiac workload, improving myocardial contractility, and alleviating symptoms.

Treat underlying conditions (arrhythmias, hypertension, CAD), manage symptoms, and provide physical and emotional support.

Adjust sodium intake (2g or 1g depending on severity), implement a DASH diet, and consider fluid restriction (1.5-2L/day).

Daily weights are crucial. Report any weight gain of 3 lbs in 2 days or 3-5 lbs in a week to a healthcare provider.

Identifies underlying causes, corrects fluid overload, reduces workload, improves heart function, and controls precipitating factors.

Reduces sodium and fluid retention.

Reduce afterload, a measure of resistance to blood flow from the heart.

Reduces afterload, improves heart function and reduces the risk of irregular heartbeats.

Classifies heart failure based on the person's tolerance to physical activity, ranging from slight limitation (Class 1) to inability to perform any physical activity (Class 4).

Characterized by impaired tissue perfusion, pulmonary congestion, and edema, leading to symptoms like dyspnea, cough, crackles, and fatigue.

Manifested by systemic venous congestion, peripheral edema, jugular vein distention, and other signs of fluid buildup in the body.

Potential issues arising from heart failure, such as pleural effusion, dysrhythmias (e.g., atrial fibrillation), hepatomegaly, ascites, renal insufficiency, and cardiogenic shock.

Slight limitation of ordinary physical activity. No symptoms at rest.

Inability to perform any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms present at rest.

Improve pumping and reducing congestion and improving oxygenation.

Fluid buildup in the lungs, leading to shortness of breath and a cough.

A life-threatening condition where the heart can't pump enough blood.

Fluid buildup in the body outside of the lungs.

Digoxin improves heart muscle contraction.

These increase calcium and improve heart pumping, lowering blood pressure.

Feeling very tired or lacking energy, often a sign of low heart output.

Shortness of breath, often worsened by activity.

Inability to perform the usual daily tasks due to energy limitations.

Reducing swelling in the body's extremities.

Ability to do more activities without getting too tired.

Graduated compression stockings are used.

Providing rest periods, oxygen, and energy-saving techniques.

Education for patients and families on managing the condition.

Medications like milrinone that enhance calcium entry into heart muscle cells, improving contractility, increasing cardiac output, and reducing afterload (pressure the heart pumps against).

Collecting subjective and objective information about a patient's heart failure, including symptoms, medical history, medications, and physical examination findings.

A diagnosis used when a patient's heart is unable to pump enough blood throughout the body, leading to symptoms like fatigue, dyspnea, and edema.

Limiting fluid intake to manage fluid overload in patients with heart failure, often by monitoring intake and output carefully.

Strategies to help patients with heart failure manage their activity levels, such as pacing activities, prioritizing tasks, and using assistive devices.

A diagnosis used when a patient is easily exhausted by physical activity, often a symptom of heart failure.

Providing supplemental oxygen to patients with heart failure, especially when experiencing shortness of breath or low oxygen levels.

Teaching patients with heart failure techniques to improve lung capacity, reduce shortness of breath, and improve oxygenation.

A type of heart failure where the left ventricle can't contract vigorously, making it difficult to pump blood effectively. It's like trying to pump a bicycle tire with a weak pump.

This type of heart failure happens when the left ventricle can't relax and fill properly with blood after each beat. It's like a stiff bucket that can't hold as much water.

Heart failure that affects the left side of the heart, causing blood to back up into the lungs. This can lead to shortness of breath, coughing, and fluid buildup.

This is a common symptom of left-sided heart failure, caused by blood backing up into the lungs. It can make breathing difficult and lead to a cough.

Heart failure affecting the right side of the heart, causing blood to back up in the body's veins. This can lead to swelling in the legs, ankles, and abdomen.

This is a common symptom of right-sided heart failure, caused by blood backing up in the veins of the legs and ankles. It can make it difficult to walk and can be painful.

You need to make changes to your lifestyle to manage heart failure. These include losing weight, quitting smoking, reducing stress, and limiting alcohol intake.

You need to limit salt intake and avoid foods high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar. You should also try to eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat, is a frequent complication of heart failure. It reduces the heart's efficiency and increases the risk of blood clots.

Left-sided heart failure causes fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary congestion), leading to shortness of breath, coughing, and crackles.

Right-sided heart failure causes fluid to back up in the body (systemic congestion), leading to swelling in the legs, ankles, and abdomen.

The primary goals are to improve cardiac output (amount of blood pumped), reduce pulmonary congestion (fluid in the lungs), and improve oxygenation.

Lasix (furosemide) is a diuretic medication used to remove excess fluid from the body, reducing the workload on the heart.

ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril, help to reduce afterload (the resistance the heart has to pump blood) and improve blood flow.

Beta-blockers, such as metoprolol, slow the heart rate and reduce the heart's workload, allowing it to work more efficiently.

The system groups heart failure into four classes based on a person's tolerance to physical activity. Class 1 involves slight limitation, while Class 4 involves significant limitations, even at rest.

The main goal is to address the underlying cause of the heart failure and any contributing factors. This involves maximizing the heart's ability to pump blood (cardiac output) while reducing the workload on the heart, improving how well the heart muscle contracts, and alleviating symptoms like shortness of breath or swelling.

The goal is to manage the underlying conditions that contribute to chronic heart failure, such as irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), high blood pressure (hypertension), and coronary artery disease (CAD). It also involves managing symptoms, providing support for physical limitations, and promoting emotional well-being.

Inotropic drugs, like vasodilators (nitrates), beta-adrenergic agonists (dopamine), and cardiac glycosides (digoxin), are used to improve the heart's pumping strength (contractility). However, they can increase the risk of irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias).