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Heart Failure

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of increased [Ca2+]i in the heart?

Coupled beats, followed by ventricular tachycardia, and eventually ventricular fibrillation (correct)

Ventricular fibrillation immediately

No effect on the heart rhythm

Increased heart rate without any abnormal rhythms

What is the most common site of digitalis toxicity outside the heart?

Smooth muscle

Gastrointestinal tract (correct)

Kidneys

Central Nervous System (CNS)

What is the cause of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in digitalis toxicity?

Direct effects on the gastrointestinal tract only

Effects on the heart rhythm

CNS actions only

Both direct effects on the gastrointestinal tract and CNS actions (correct)

What is the effect of digitalis on the CNS?

Both vagal and chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare effect reported in men taking digitalis?

Gynecomastia Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate effect of increased [Ca2+]i on the heart rhythm?

Coupled beats (bigeminy) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of digitalis toxicity on the heart?

Abnormal heart rhythms, including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of visual disturbances in digitalis toxicity?

CNS actions Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of digitalis toxicity in the elderly?

Disorientation and hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissues are affected by cardiac glycosides?

All excitable tissues, including smooth muscle and the CNS Signup and view all the answers