Heart Failure

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of increased [Ca2+]i in the heart?

  • Coupled beats, followed by ventricular tachycardia, and eventually ventricular fibrillation (correct)
  • Ventricular fibrillation immediately
  • No effect on the heart rhythm
  • Increased heart rate without any abnormal rhythms

What is the most common site of digitalis toxicity outside the heart?

  • Smooth muscle
  • Gastrointestinal tract (correct)
  • Kidneys
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)

What is the cause of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in digitalis toxicity?

  • Direct effects on the gastrointestinal tract only
  • Effects on the heart rhythm
  • CNS actions only
  • Both direct effects on the gastrointestinal tract and CNS actions (correct)

What is the effect of digitalis on the CNS?

<p>Both vagal and chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare effect reported in men taking digitalis?

<p>Gynecomastia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate effect of increased [Ca2+]i on the heart rhythm?

<p>Coupled beats (bigeminy) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of digitalis toxicity on the heart?

<p>Abnormal heart rhythms, including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of visual disturbances in digitalis toxicity?

<p>CNS actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of digitalis toxicity in the elderly?

<p>Disorientation and hallucinations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissues are affected by cardiac glycosides?

<p>All excitable tissues, including smooth muscle and the CNS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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