30 Questions
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
Transport and exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and hormones
Where is the heart located?
In the middle mediastinum of the thorax
What is the function of the pericardial sac?
It acts as a lubricant to minimize friction
Which layer of the heart wall is composed of cardiac muscle?
Myocardium
What is the main function of the endocardium?
Lining the inner surface of the heart and blood vessels
What is the role of the fibrous pericardium?
Anchoring the heart to surrounding structures
What forms the fluid-filled pericardial cavity?
Space between the parietal and visceral pericardium
Which layer of the heart wall is fused to the myocardium?
Epicardium
What reinforces the myocardium?
Connective tissue
What lines the inner surface of the heart and blood vessels?
Endocardium
What is the main function of erythrocytes (RBC)?
Blood O2 transport
Where are erythrocytes (RBC) produced?
Red bone marrow
What is the main component of plasma in blood?
Water
What is the function of albumins in blood plasma?
Maintain plasma osmotic pressure
What is the function of venules in the circulatory system?
Collect blood from capillaries
What is the primary function of arterioles in the circulatory system?
Major regulators of blood flow and pressure
Where are leucocytes (WBC) primarily produced?
Red bone marrow
What is the main function of leucocytes (WBC)?
Immune response
What is the main difference between arteries and veins?
Thickness of walls
What is the site of gas and nutrient exchange in the circulatory system?
Capillaries
What are the components of the fibrous (cardiac) skeleton?
Solid rings around the valves
Which blood vessels are involved in coronary circulation?
Left and right coronary arteries
What is the structure of arteries and veins?
They have different functions and structures
What is the role of the pulmonary circuit?
Oxygenation of the blood
What is the composition of cardiac muscle cells?
99% contractile cells and 1% non-contractile cells
What are the components of the adult circulation?
A closed, dual-circuit system with one-way blood flow
What is the function of the systemic circuit?
Sends oxygenated blood to all other tissues
What are the components of fetal circulation?
Ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale
What are the components of the heart valves?
Atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) and semilunar valves
What is the structure of blood vessels?
Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa
Study Notes
The Heart and Circulatory System
- The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles, separated by septa.
- Blood vessels entering/exiting the heart include the superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, and aorta.
- Coronary circulation supplies myocardium with O2 and nutrients through left and right coronary arteries.
- Heart valves include atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) and semilunar valves.
- The fibrous (cardiac) skeleton forms solid rings around the valves and creates a firm site for cardiac muscle attachment.
- Cardiac muscle cells consist of 99% contractile cells and 1% non-contractile cells (sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, Purkinje fibers).
- The adult circulation is a closed, dual-circuit system with one-way blood flow.
- The pulmonary circuit is for oxygenation of the blood, while the systemic circuit sends oxygenated blood to all other tissues.
- Fetal circulation involves the exchange of O2, nutrients, and wastes with the mother at the placenta, and the bypassing of the fetal lungs.
- Blood vessels have a general structure of tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
- Arteries and veins have different functions and structures.
- Fetal circulation involves specializations such as the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale.
Test your knowledge of the heart and circulatory system with this quiz. Explore topics such as heart chambers, blood vessels, coronary circulation, cardiac muscle, circulation circuits, fetal circulation, and blood vessel structure. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of human anatomy and physiology.
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