Questions and Answers
What is the muscle layer of the heart?
What is the changer of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood as it returns from body cells?
Right atrium
What is the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood as it returns from the lungs?
Left atrium
What is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium?
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What is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium?
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What are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
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What are blood vessels that contain valves to prevent blood from flowing in a backward direction?
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What are blood vessels that are more muscular and elastic than other blood vessels?
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How much blood does the average adult have in their body?
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What is the largest artery in the body?
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What does not aid in clotting?
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What blood cells contain hemoglobin?
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What are the blood cells that fight infections?
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What is a normal thrombocyte count per cubic millimeter of blood?
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What is an inherited disease that occurs most exclusively in males and prevents blood from clotting?
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What is the inflammation of a vein near the skin surface with the formation of a clot?
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What leukocytes provide immunity by developing antibodies and protect against cancer cell formation?
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What are dilated swollen veins that have lost elasticity and cause stasis or decreased blood flow?
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What is not a risk factor that increases the incidence of hypertension?
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What acid is required for the development of mature erythrocytes?
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What is a normal leukocyte count per cubic millimeter of blood?
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What is the number of erythrocytes in 1 cubic millimeter of blood?
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Which of the following statements about the sinuses is not true?
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Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?
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What do the esophagus and trachea branch off?
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What is the correct name for the voice box?
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What structures allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood?
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What do the trachea branch into to carry air to both lungs?
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What is the membrane or sac that encloses each lung?
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What process occurs when cells use oxygen and nutrients to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide?
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What respiratory disorder is caused by sensitivity to an allergen?
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What is a noninfectious, chronic respiratory condition that occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity?
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What is the correct term for a nosebleed?
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What statement about lung cancer is not true?
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What are the tiny hairlike structures that filter inhaled air to trap dust and pathogens?
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What is a CPAP mask mainly used for?
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Which treatment method for COPD is effective?
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The period of ventricular contraction in the heart is called systole.
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During diastole, the atria are filling with blood and the ventricles contract.
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The smallest branches of arteries are called arterioles.
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Hemoglobin carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Study Notes
Heart Anatomy and Function
- The myocardium is the muscle layer of the heart responsible for its contraction.
- The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood returning from body cells.
- The left atrium collects oxygenated blood from the lungs.
- The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium from the right ventricle.
- The mitral valve stops the flow of blood back into the left atrium from the left ventricle.
Blood Vessels
- Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart and are more muscular and elastic compared to veins.
- Veins contain valves that prevent backward flow of blood.
Blood Volume and Composition
- An average adult has approximately 4-6 quarts of blood.
- The aorta is the largest artery in the body.
- Erythrocytes are red blood cells containing hemoglobin, which carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Leukocytes are white blood cells that play a key role in fighting infections.
- Thrombocytes, or platelets, have a normal count of 150,000-400,000 per cubic millimeter of blood.
Blood Disorders
- Hemophilia is an inherited disease that impairs blood clotting, occurring mostly in males.
- Thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of veins near the skin surface with clot formation.
Immune Response
- Lymphocytes are a type of leukocyte that provides immunity by developing antibodies and protecting against cancer cells.
Varicose Veins and Hypertension
- Varicose veins are dilated, swollen veins that lose elasticity, leading to decreased blood flow.
- Excessive exercise is not a risk factor for increasing the incidence of hypertension.
Nutritional Needs
- Folic acid is essential for the development of mature erythrocytes.
Leukocyte and Erythrocyte Counts
- A normal leukocyte count ranges from 4,500-11,000 per cubic millimeter of blood.
- The erythrocyte count is typically between 4.5-6 million per cubic millimeter of blood.
Respiratory System Anatomy
- The nasal cavity contains sinuses, which do not provide the sense of smell.
- The pharyngeal tonsils are located in the nasopharynx.
- The esophagus and trachea branch off from the laryngopharynx.
- The correct name for the voice box is the larynx.
Gas Exchange and Respiratory Function
- Alveoli are structures that facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- The trachea branches into bronchi to carry air to both lungs.
- The pleura is the membrane that encloses each lung.
Metabolic Processes
- Cellular respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen and nutrients to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
Respiratory Disorders
- Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition triggered by sensitivity to allergens.
- Emphysema is a non-infectious condition that results from the deterioration and loss of elasticity in alveoli.
Respiratory Health
- A CPAP mask is primarily used to treat sleep apnea.
- Small hair-like structures known as cilia filter inhaled air to trap dust and pathogens.
Cardiac Cycle
- Ventricular contraction of the heart is referred to as systole.
- During diastole, the atria fill with blood while the ventricles relax.
- The smallest branches of arteries are known as arterioles.
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Description
Explore the essential components of heart anatomy with these flashcards. Learn about the muscle layer known as the myocardium and the different chambers and valves that play critical roles in circulation. Perfect for students needing a quick review of cardiac structures.
