Heart Anatomy Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Name the fluid that fills the space between the heart and the pericardium.

Pericardial fluid

Name the layers of the body wall of the heart.

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

What is the fossa ovalis?

A depression between the right and left atria that forms during fetal life called foramen ovale.

What type of muscle tissue does the myocardium consist of?

Cardiac muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

Where does the blood return to the heart by the pulmonary veins?

Left atrium Signup and view all the answers

Where are the bicuspid and tricuspid valves located?

Between the atria and ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Name the first two blood vessels that branch from the aorta.

Brachiocephalic and Left common carotid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chordae tendineae?

To help prevent the valve cusps from averting into the atrium Signup and view all the answers

Where are the atrioventricular valves located, and in which direction does the blood flow through them?

Between the atrium and ventricle; from atria to ventricle Signup and view all the answers

When do atrioventricular valves open?

When atria are in systole and pressure is greater than the ventricle during diastole Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the papillary muscle?

To open and close the atrioventricular valves Signup and view all the answers

Where does all de-oxygenated blood return after it has circulated through the body?

Right atrium Signup and view all the answers

What connects the chordae tendineae on both sides?

Papillary muscles Signup and view all the answers

If the marginal artery is blocked, which ventricle blood flow would be compromised?

Right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

To allow action potential to pass from one cell to another Signup and view all the answers

On an EKG, what does the P-deflection represent?

Atrial depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Which node functions as a pacemaker for the heart?

SA node Signup and view all the answers

What does the QRS-deflection represent?

Rapid ventricular depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Where is the SA node located?

In the body wall of the right atrium Signup and view all the answers

Why do cardiac muscle fibers depolarize longer than skeletal muscle fibers?

Calcium ions enter later, whereas sodium ions enter first Signup and view all the answers

On an EKG, depolarization of the ventricle is represented by which deflection?

QRS wave Signup and view all the answers

An extended P-Q interval on an EKG usually indicates damage to which part of the heart?

Atria Signup and view all the answers

What part of the EKG represents ventricular contraction or depolarized state of the muscle fibers?

QRS complex Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the ventricles go into systole?

Contracts Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'lubb' and 'dupp' sounds in relation to the valves of the heart?

Lubb results from closure of the atrioventricular valves; dupp results from closure of the semilunar valves. Signup and view all the answers

Know the different heart sounds: S1 (first heart sound) closure of AV valves; beginning of ventricular systole; loudest and longest ''; S2 (second heart sound) closure of semilunar valves; beginning of ventricular diastole; sharp and shortest sound ''.

luuuub, dub Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Anatomy and Function

Pericardial fluid is a thin film of serous fluid found between the heart and the pericardium.
The heart wall consists of three layers: Epicardium (outer), Myocardium (middle), and Endocardium (inner).

Fetal Circulation

Fossa ovalis is a depression between the right and left atria, formed from the foramen ovale during fetal life.

Blood Circulation

Blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
De-oxygenated blood is directed back to the right atrium after circulating through the body.

Heart Valves

Atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) are located between atria and ventricles, controlling blood flow from atria to ventricles.
Bicuspid (mitral) valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle, while the tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Chordae tendineae prevent valve cusps from averting into the atrium.
Papillary muscles anchor chordae tendineae and regulate valve opening and closing through contraction and relaxation.

Cardiac Muscle and EKG

Myocardium consists of cardiac muscle tissue, which allows for the heart's pumping action.
Intercalated discs facilitate action potential transmission between cardiac muscle cells.
The SA node, located in the right atrium, functions as the heart's pacemaker.

EKG Waves and Heart Sounds

P-deflection on an EKG represents atrial depolarization.
QRS complex indicates rapid ventricular depolarization, while QRS wave signifies ventricular contraction.
An extended P-Q interval typically suggests atrial damage.
Heart sounds include S1 (closure of AV valves at the start of systole) and S2 (closure of semilunar valves at the beginning of diastole).

Blood Vessel Connections

Brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries are the first two vessels branching from the aorta.

Cardiac Conditions

Stenosis refers to valves that do not open properly, leading to abnormal heart sounds known as murmurs, characterized by turbulent blood flow.
Compromised blood flow to the right ventricle can occur if the marginal artery is blocked.

Muscle Fiber Characteristics

Cardiac muscle fibers depolarize longer than skeletal muscle fibers due to delayed calcium ion entry after sodium ions.

Ventricular Activity

When ventricles enter systole, they contract, facilitating blood ejection.

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Description

Test your knowledge of heart anatomy with these flashcards. Each card will help you learn about the pericardial fluid, the layers of the heart, and specific features like the fossa ovalis. Perfect for students of anatomy and related fields!