Podcast
Questions and Answers
Name the fluid that fills the space between the heart and the pericardium.
Name the fluid that fills the space between the heart and the pericardium.
Pericardial fluid
Name the layers of the body wall of the heart.
Name the layers of the body wall of the heart.
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
What is the fossa ovalis?
What is the fossa ovalis?
A depression between the right and left atria that forms during fetal life called foramen ovale.
What type of muscle tissue does the myocardium consist of?
What type of muscle tissue does the myocardium consist of?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the blood return to the heart by the pulmonary veins?
Where does the blood return to the heart by the pulmonary veins?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are the bicuspid and tricuspid valves located?
Where are the bicuspid and tricuspid valves located?
Signup and view all the answers
Name the first two blood vessels that branch from the aorta.
Name the first two blood vessels that branch from the aorta.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of chordae tendineae?
What is the function of chordae tendineae?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are the atrioventricular valves located, and in which direction does the blood flow through them?
Where are the atrioventricular valves located, and in which direction does the blood flow through them?
Signup and view all the answers
When do atrioventricular valves open?
When do atrioventricular valves open?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the papillary muscle?
What is the function of the papillary muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does all de-oxygenated blood return after it has circulated through the body?
Where does all de-oxygenated blood return after it has circulated through the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What connects the chordae tendineae on both sides?
What connects the chordae tendineae on both sides?
Signup and view all the answers
If the marginal artery is blocked, which ventricle blood flow would be compromised?
If the marginal artery is blocked, which ventricle blood flow would be compromised?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?
What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
On an EKG, what does the P-deflection represent?
On an EKG, what does the P-deflection represent?
Signup and view all the answers
Which node functions as a pacemaker for the heart?
Which node functions as a pacemaker for the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the QRS-deflection represent?
What does the QRS-deflection represent?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the SA node located?
Where is the SA node located?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do cardiac muscle fibers depolarize longer than skeletal muscle fibers?
Why do cardiac muscle fibers depolarize longer than skeletal muscle fibers?
Signup and view all the answers
On an EKG, depolarization of the ventricle is represented by which deflection?
On an EKG, depolarization of the ventricle is represented by which deflection?
Signup and view all the answers
An extended P-Q interval on an EKG usually indicates damage to which part of the heart?
An extended P-Q interval on an EKG usually indicates damage to which part of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What part of the EKG represents ventricular contraction or depolarized state of the muscle fibers?
What part of the EKG represents ventricular contraction or depolarized state of the muscle fibers?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when the ventricles go into systole?
What happens when the ventricles go into systole?
Signup and view all the answers
What is meant by 'lubb' and 'dupp' sounds in relation to the valves of the heart?
What is meant by 'lubb' and 'dupp' sounds in relation to the valves of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
Know the different heart sounds: S1 (first heart sound) closure of AV valves; beginning of ventricular systole; loudest and longest ''; S2 (second heart sound) closure of semilunar valves; beginning of ventricular diastole; sharp and shortest sound ''.
Know the different heart sounds: S1 (first heart sound) closure of AV valves; beginning of ventricular systole; loudest and longest ''; S2 (second heart sound) closure of semilunar valves; beginning of ventricular diastole; sharp and shortest sound ''.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Heart Anatomy and Function
- Pericardial fluid is a thin film of serous fluid found between the heart and the pericardium.
- The heart wall consists of three layers: Epicardium (outer), Myocardium (middle), and Endocardium (inner).
Fetal Circulation
- Fossa ovalis is a depression between the right and left atria, formed from the foramen ovale during fetal life.
Blood Circulation
- Blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
- De-oxygenated blood is directed back to the right atrium after circulating through the body.
Heart Valves
- Atrioventricular valves (bicuspid and tricuspid) are located between atria and ventricles, controlling blood flow from atria to ventricles.
- Bicuspid (mitral) valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle, while the tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle.
- Chordae tendineae prevent valve cusps from averting into the atrium.
- Papillary muscles anchor chordae tendineae and regulate valve opening and closing through contraction and relaxation.
Cardiac Muscle and EKG
- Myocardium consists of cardiac muscle tissue, which allows for the heart's pumping action.
- Intercalated discs facilitate action potential transmission between cardiac muscle cells.
- The SA node, located in the right atrium, functions as the heart's pacemaker.
EKG Waves and Heart Sounds
- P-deflection on an EKG represents atrial depolarization.
- QRS complex indicates rapid ventricular depolarization, while QRS wave signifies ventricular contraction.
- An extended P-Q interval typically suggests atrial damage.
- Heart sounds include S1 (closure of AV valves at the start of systole) and S2 (closure of semilunar valves at the beginning of diastole).
Blood Vessel Connections
- Brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries are the first two vessels branching from the aorta.
Cardiac Conditions
- Stenosis refers to valves that do not open properly, leading to abnormal heart sounds known as murmurs, characterized by turbulent blood flow.
- Compromised blood flow to the right ventricle can occur if the marginal artery is blocked.
Muscle Fiber Characteristics
- Cardiac muscle fibers depolarize longer than skeletal muscle fibers due to delayed calcium ion entry after sodium ions.
Ventricular Activity
- When ventricles enter systole, they contract, facilitating blood ejection.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of heart anatomy with these flashcards. Each card will help you learn about the pericardial fluid, the layers of the heart, and specific features like the fossa ovalis. Perfect for students of anatomy and related fields!