Heart Anatomy and Electrical Conduction
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Questions and Answers

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Where does the electrical signal arise in nodal rhythm?

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

What are the fast-conducting fibers that spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricular wall called?

Purkinje Fibers

What is the function of the Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (Bundle of His)?

<p>Divides the electrical signal into right and left branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the right and left bundle branches do?

<p>Conduct electrical signals over the Purkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second largest vein in the human body that returns blood to the right atrium from the upper half of the body?

<p>Superior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest artery in the body?

<p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the left pulmonary veins do?

<p>Bring oxygen-rich blood from the left lung to the left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

<p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pumps blood to the lungs?

<p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest vein in the human body that returns blood to the right atrium from below the diaphragm?

<p>Inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the curve of the aorta called?

<p>Aortic arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What carries blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries?

<p>Pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

<p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left ventricle?

<p>Pumps oxygenated blood to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

<p>Tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

<p>Bicuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?

<p>Between the left ventricle and the aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery called?

<p>Pulmonary semilunar valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thin covering over the right and left atrium called?

<p>Auricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the thick middle muscle layer of the heart?

<p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer layer of the heart called?

<p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the membrane lining the cavities of the heart?

<p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pulmonary circuit?

<p>Pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the systemic circuit?

<p>Circuit of blood that carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electrical Conduction System of the Heart

  • The Sinoatrial (SA) Node functions as the heart's natural pacemaker, initiating electrical signals for normal sinus rhythm.
  • The Atrioventricular (AV) Node serves as a key relay point where the electrical signal moves from the atria to the ventricles, especially during nodal rhythm.
  • Purkinje Fibers rapidly disseminate the electrical signal throughout the ventricular wall to ensure coordinated contractions.
  • The Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle, also known as the Bundle of His, divides into right and left bundle branches within the interventricular septum, playing a crucial role in signal transmission.
  • Right and Left Bundle Branches are responsible for carrying the electrical signals to the Purkinje fibers in the ventricles.

Major Vessels and Chambers of the Heart

  • The Superior Vena Cava returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium, being the second-largest vein.
  • The Aorta is the largest artery in the body, distributing oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
  • Left Pulmonary Veins transport oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium.
  • The Right Atrium collects deoxygenated blood from the body for circulation to the lungs.
  • The Inferior Vena Cava is the largest vein, carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

Heart Valves and Chambers

  • The Right Ventricle is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
  • The Tricuspid Valve controls blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle.
  • The Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve) regulates flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
  • The Aortic Semilunar Valve is positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta, preventing backflow.
  • The Pulmonary Semilunar Valve opens from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, allowing blood to flow to the lungs.

Structural Components of the Heart

  • The Myocardium is the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart, essential for contraction.
  • The Epicardium serves as the outer layer of the heart, providing a protective covering.
  • The Endocardium lines the heart's chambers and valves, facilitating smooth blood flow.
  • The Apex is the bottom tip of the heart, pointing downwards and towards the left side.

Circulatory Pathways

  • The Pulmonary Circuit is responsible for sending deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and returning oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart.
  • The Systemic Circuit denotes the pathway of blood circulation that delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to various body parts and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

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Description

Explore the key components of the heart's electrical conduction system with these flashcards. Learn about the Sinoatrial Node, Atrioventricular Node, and Purkinje Fibers, important structures in maintaining a normal heartbeat.

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