Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Where does the electrical signal arise in nodal rhythm?
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
What are the fast-conducting fibers that spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricular wall called?
Purkinje Fibers
What is the function of the Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (Bundle of His)?
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What do the right and left bundle branches do?
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What is the second largest vein in the human body that returns blood to the right atrium from the upper half of the body?
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What is the largest artery in the body?
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What do the left pulmonary veins do?
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Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
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What pumps blood to the lungs?
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What is the largest vein in the human body that returns blood to the right atrium from below the diaphragm?
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What is the curve of the aorta called?
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What carries blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries?
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What chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
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What is the function of the left ventricle?
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What valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
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What valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
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Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?
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What is the heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery called?
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What is the thin covering over the right and left atrium called?
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What is the thick middle muscle layer of the heart?
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What is the outer layer of the heart called?
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What is the membrane lining the cavities of the heart?
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What is the role of the pulmonary circuit?
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What is the systemic circuit?
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Study Notes
Electrical Conduction System of the Heart
- The Sinoatrial (SA) Node functions as the heart's natural pacemaker, initiating electrical signals for normal sinus rhythm.
- The Atrioventricular (AV) Node serves as a key relay point where the electrical signal moves from the atria to the ventricles, especially during nodal rhythm.
- Purkinje Fibers rapidly disseminate the electrical signal throughout the ventricular wall to ensure coordinated contractions.
- The Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle, also known as the Bundle of His, divides into right and left bundle branches within the interventricular septum, playing a crucial role in signal transmission.
- Right and Left Bundle Branches are responsible for carrying the electrical signals to the Purkinje fibers in the ventricles.
Major Vessels and Chambers of the Heart
- The Superior Vena Cava returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium, being the second-largest vein.
- The Aorta is the largest artery in the body, distributing oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
- Left Pulmonary Veins transport oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium.
- The Right Atrium collects deoxygenated blood from the body for circulation to the lungs.
- The Inferior Vena Cava is the largest vein, carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.
Heart Valves and Chambers
- The Right Ventricle is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
- The Tricuspid Valve controls blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle.
- The Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve) regulates flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
- The Aortic Semilunar Valve is positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta, preventing backflow.
- The Pulmonary Semilunar Valve opens from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, allowing blood to flow to the lungs.
Structural Components of the Heart
- The Myocardium is the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart, essential for contraction.
- The Epicardium serves as the outer layer of the heart, providing a protective covering.
- The Endocardium lines the heart's chambers and valves, facilitating smooth blood flow.
- The Apex is the bottom tip of the heart, pointing downwards and towards the left side.
Circulatory Pathways
- The Pulmonary Circuit is responsible for sending deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and returning oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart.
- The Systemic Circuit denotes the pathway of blood circulation that delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to various body parts and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
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Description
Explore the key components of the heart's electrical conduction system with these flashcards. Learn about the Sinoatrial Node, Atrioventricular Node, and Purkinje Fibers, important structures in maintaining a normal heartbeat.