Questions and Answers
What is assertiveness?
What does attributional style refer to?
A person's perceptions of success or failure.
Define emotional resilience.
The ability to recover quickly from traumas.
What is flow in psychological terms?
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How is happiness defined?
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What does hardiness entail?
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What is integrity?
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Define learned helplessness.
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What is learned optimism?
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What does love value?
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How is personality defined?
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What is positive psychology focused on?
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Define trust.
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What are virtues?
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Not having close personal relationships has been found to be as detrimental to health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day or being an alcoholic.
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What did the review of 148 studies reveal about close relationships?
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Who developed the learned helplessness hypothesis?
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According to Maier and Seligman, which three explanations for the causes of uncontrollable situations result in learned helplessness? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Key Concepts of Healthy Relationships
- Assertiveness: Communication style that balances respect for oneself and others, promoting honest expression of feelings and thoughts.
- Attributional Style: Influences personal perceptions of success or failure, impacting motivation for future actions.
- Emotional Resilience: Capacity to recover swiftly from challenges like trauma or illness.
- Flow: State of complete immersion in an activity, accompanied by a deep sense of enjoyment and loss of time awareness.
- Happiness: Experience of joy, contentment, and meaning in life.
- Hardiness: Ability to effectively handle stress and convert adversities into advantages.
- Integrity: Authenticity and sincerity, including accountability for one's feelings and actions.
- Learned Helplessness: A belief in inevitable failure due to a negative outlook on the world and one's abilities.
- Learned Optimism: The expectation of positive outcomes and an overall positive view of the world and people.
- Love: The value placed on nurturing and maintaining close relationships with others.
- Personality: The combined physical, mental, emotional, and social traits of an individual.
- Positive Psychology: Emphasizes mental well-being and approaches to increase happiness rather than focusing solely on mental illness.
- Trust: Relying on someone's integrity, reflecting confidence in their character.
- Virtues: Core values recognized across cultures and history.
Health and Relationships
- Impact of Relationships: Lack of close personal relationships can be as harmful to health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day or heavy alcohol use.
- Health and Longevity: Studies indicate that strong connections with friends and family significantly contribute to overall health and lifespan, often neglected in wellness discussions.
- Importance of Social Support: Absence of robust social support can be more detrimental than obesity or lack of exercise.
Learned Helplessness Development
- Historical Context: Developed by Steven Maier and Martin Seligman in the 1960s, the learned helplessness hypothesis explores responses to uncontrollable situations.
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Causes of Helplessness:
- Stable: Perception that the cause will be permanent leads to enduring helplessness.
- Global: Belief that a cause affects everything, resulting in generalized helplessness.
- Internal: Attributing the cause to oneself, leading to decreased self-esteem and a sense of helplessness.
Conceptual Shift to Optimism
- From Helplessness to Optimism: Seligman posits that if one can learn helplessness, it is also possible to learn optimism, thus transitioning from negative to positive psychological frameworks.
Explanations for Uncontrollable Situations
- Three Key Explanations: Stable, Global, Internal are classifications that lead to learned helplessness, helping illustrate the underlying psychological processes involved.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 9 of Healthy Relationships with these flashcards. Each card defines important terms such as assertiveness, attributional style, and emotional resilience. Enhance your understanding of these essential communication and psychological concepts.