Healthcare Waste Management Unit 6

<p>Flowers and kitchen waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Residual general waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10-25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hospitals and medical centers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.5 kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of educational materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensure adverse effects on health are negligible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To classify biomedical waste and explain proper waste management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.2 kg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adverse health effects and environmental consequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antineoplastic drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Must be toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive, or oxidizing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can cause severe burns and injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vomit containing cytotoxic drug residues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>React chemically to oxidize combustible materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmaceutical waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antineoplastic and cytotoxic drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Has a flashpoint below 37.8 degrees Celsius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathological and anatomical waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood banks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broken glass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hazardous waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medical research centers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal organs for histopathological examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infectious waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healthcare facility staff and general public (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolonged exposure to minute quantities of waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of various pollutants into the air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved air quality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microwaving (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term liabilities and loss of reputation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>850-1100 degrees Celsius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contamination of surface and groundwater (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shred or crush them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must decay to background radiation levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In strong chemical resistant and leak-proof containers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dispose of them through safe burial or cremation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be refrigerated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waste minimization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing used materials into new products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment and disposal of non-reusable or non-recyclable waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Registration with the EMB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choosing products that are less polluting and wasteful (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing the handling and disposal of healthcare waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changing biological and chemical characteristics of the waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They establish protocols and guidelines for waste disposal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Register equipment with the Bureau of Health Devices and Technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incineration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encompasses energy recovery as well as recycling and composting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waste is mixed together before being sorted at a treatment facility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing comprehensive documentation on legal and technical requirements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RA No. 6969 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clarifying jurisdiction and responsibilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sterilization eliminates all microorganisms, whereas disinfection reduces their levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-density polyethylene or metallic drums (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies on chemical agents to destroy microorganisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microwave treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses steam under high pressure to achieve sterilization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heating with steam at high pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates a homogenous mass suitable for municipal disposal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secure an Environmental Compliance Commitment Certificate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gradually phase out mercury-containing devices and equipment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manual on Health Care Waste Management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent counterfeit drugs caused by recycling used pharmaceutical containers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By segregating them into separate containers for each waste type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AOH AO No. 2008-0021 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires an Environmental Compliance Commitment Certificate for certain projects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate recycling and reduce environmental impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requiring registration and licensure of all hospitals in the country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Written procedures for proper disposal of healthcare waste are required (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mandating the submission of healthcare waste management plans for licensing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provisions on the transport of toxic and infectious substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A yearly compliance report on waste management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drafting a biosafety and biosecurity policy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adherence to technical standards for hospital operations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RA No. 4226 Hospital Licensure Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any waste produced by activities like diagnosing, treating, or immunizing people; laboratory research; producing biological products; or other healthcare facility processes.

Healthcare wastes are broadly categorized as hazardous (infectious, toxic, radioactive) and non-hazardous waste.

A small percentage (10-25%) of healthcare waste is considered hazardous; the rest is non-hazardous.

High-income countries generate more healthcare waste (0.5 kg/bed/day) compared to low-income countries (0.2 kg/bed/day).

Hospitals, medical centers, infirmaries, birthing homes, and clinics are examples of healthcare waste generators.

Healthcare facilities must ensure that healthcare waste disposal does not harm human or environmental health.

Separating hazardous and non-hazardous healthcare wastes is essential for safe management.

Waste generation, segregation, collection, storage, transport, treatment, and disposal need careful planning and execution.

Healthcare waste with pathogens causing disease to a susceptible host

Tissues, organs, and body fluids from biopsies, autopsies, or surgeries.

Recognizable body parts, usually from amputations.

Waste items that can cause cuts, pricks, or puncture wounds.

Waste that poses environmental and health risks.

Cultures and stocks of infectious agents, surgical waste from patients with infectious diseases, waste from infected patients in isolation, and instruments or materials that have been in contact with infected persons or animals.

Internal organs and tissues for examination, body fluids for analysis, and anatomical wastes such as amputated limbs.

Needles, syringes, scalpels, saws, blades, broken glass, knives.

Discarded chemicals used in healthcare, including laboratory reagents, disinfectants, and developing solutions.

Chemical waste with at least one of these properties: toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive, or oxidizing.

Chemicals that can harm biological tissue, posing health risks.

Chemicals that can cause severe burns, with a pH below 12.

Chemicals that ignite easily at normal working temperatures, with a flashpoint below 37.8°C.

Chemicals that react dangerously when exposed to heat, pressure, or other stimuli.

Chemicals that readily release oxidizing substances, accelerating combustion.

Expired, split, or contaminated drugs, vaccines, and sera.

Waste materials contaminated with radionuclides, which emit ionizing radiation that can damage DNA. It includes leftover materials from diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, contaminated equipment, and even potentially contaminated patient excretions.

Waste materials that do not pose a risk to health or the environment; they are generally safe to handle and dispose of using regular means.

Materials that can be processed to make new products, like paper, metal, plastic, and glass.

Waste materials that can decompose naturally by microorganisms, such as food scraps, leaves, and yard waste.

Waste materials that don't belong to any other category, often ending up in landfills.

Healthcare waste can harm individuals through injuries, infections, and exposure to toxic substances. This exposure can be chronic (long-term, low levels) or acute (short-term, high levels).

Proper healthcare waste management protects patients, healthcare workers, and the general public from harm. It also helps the environment and ensures compliance with regulations.

Exposure to healthcare waste can cause serious health issues like sharp injuries, toxic exposure from chemicals, and radiation burns.

Untreated healthcare waste in landfills can contaminate drinking water, surface water, and groundwater, posing a serious threat to public health.

Using disinfectants on healthcare waste can release harmful chemicals into the environment if not handled safely. This can contaminate soil and water sources.

Incineration of healthcare waste, if not done properly, can release harmful pollutants into the air and leave behind ash residue. This can cause air pollution and soil contamination.

Methods like autoclaving (using steam under pressure), microwaving, and steam treatment offer safer and more environmentally friendly ways to manage healthcare waste.

Strict compliance with healthcare waste management standards protects people and the environment, increases the credibility of healthcare institutions, and prevents legal and reputational issues.

The most important step in healthcare waste management, aiming to reduce the volume of waste generated by prevention (using less-polluting products and services) and reduction (proper segregation).

A policy that supports purchasing products and services that have minimal environmental impact throughout their lifecycle. It guides healthcare facilities to choose options that are least harmful and reduce overall waste generation.

Giving a new application to a used material or using it again for the same purpose. This reduces the need for new materials and avoids unnecessary waste.

Processing used materials into new products. This helps conserve resources and reduce the demand for virgin materials.

Extracting valuable resources from waste, such as energy recovery (converting waste to fuel) and processing. This reduces waste by turning it into something useful.

A process that alters the biological and chemical characteristics of waste, making it safer for the environment or further processing.

The final step where waste is released, deposited, or placed into the environment in a controlled manner, ensuring minimal environmental impact. This involves specific procedures depending on the waste type.

A systematic approach to handling healthcare waste, including stages like generation, segregation, collection, storage, transport, treatment, and disposal. Each stage needs careful planning and execution for safe and efficient waste management.

Highly infectious waste needs to be disinfected at the source, meaning where it is generated. This helps prevent the spread of infections.

Anatomical waste, like body parts and organs, needs to be handled carefully. Burial or cremation ensures proper disposal and prevents possible contamination.

Pathological waste containing tissues, organs, and fluids needs to be chilled. This ensures it doesn't spoil and remains safe until collected or treated within 24 hours.

Sharp objects like needles and scalpels need to be shredded or crushed before final disposal. This prevents accidental injuries during handling.

Different colors on bins help categorize and separate healthcare waste. This makes handling and disposal safe and efficient by grouping similar types of waste together.

Collecting healthcare waste requires specific protocols to ensure safety and prevent contamination. It involves designated collection containers, trained personnel, and proper personal protective equipment (PPE).

The movement of healthcare waste from the point of generation to treatment, storage, or disposal facilities. Only authorized transporters with specific certifications are allowed.

Sterilization eliminates ALL microorganisms, while disinfection reduces their number. Both are essential for safe healthcare waste management.

A thermal treatment process for healthcare waste that uses extreme heat in the absence of oxygen to convert waste into gas, liquid, or solid forms.

A high-pressure steam sterilizer used for healthcare waste treatment. High temperatures destroy microorganisms efficiently.

A method for disinfecting healthcare waste. Waste is shredded, then exposed to microwaves, generating heat to destroy microorganisms.

Using chemicals like bleach or hydrogen peroxide to disinfect healthcare waste. It generates chemical wastes as a by-product.

A waste management technique where waste is encased in high-density polyethylene or metal drums. This immobilizes and isolates hazardous waste.

This Philippine law requires hospitals to register and be licensed, ensuring proper standards for personnel, equipment, and facilities.

This DOH Administrative Order sets specific guidelines for hospitals, including design requirements and the need for waste management manuals.

This order adds to the previous one, requiring healthcare facilities to submit a waste management plan for license approval.

This AO focuses on clinical laboratories, requiring written procedures for waste disposal and policies about biosafety and biosecurity.

This law aims to ensure proper health standards in hospitals by requiring registration, licensure, and adherence to technical guidelines for personnel, equipment, and facilities.

This order updates rules for hospital operations, covering things like registration, licensure, design requirements, and mandatory waste management manuals.

This order amends previous guidelines by requiring healthcare facilities to submit a detailed waste management plan as part of the licensing process.

For clinical labs, this AO mandates written procedures for safe waste disposal and policies addressing biosafety and biosecurity.

A Philippine law that regulates control of substances and hazardous/nuclear waste. It requires registration of waste generators, transporters, and treatment facility operators with EMB.

Revises DENR AO 29 to strengthen RA 6969 implementation and requires a procedural manual for hazardous waste management.

Provides guidelines for handling, collecting, transporting, treating, storing, and disposing of healthcare waste (HCW). It clarifies the roles of DENR and DOH.

Requires institutions selling or using equipment for treating sharps, pathological, and infectious waste to get a Certificate of Product Registration from DOH.

The Philippine Clean Air Act prohibiting incineration of biomedical waste, advocating environmentally friendly methods.

The Environmental Management Bureau, an agency responsible for environmental protection in the Philippines. It's involved in regulating the management of hazardous waste.

RA 6969 mandates registration for waste generators, transporters, and treatment facilities, ensuring a structured approach to managing hazardous waste.

This Administrative Order regulates the sale and use of equipment for treating specific healthcare waste, necessitating institutions to acquire a Certificate of Product Registration from DOH.

To promote waste segregation at the source, including households and institutions, using separate containers for different types of waste.

To ensure that projects like hospital construction have minimal environmental impact, requiring an Environmental Compliance Commitment Certificate before starting construction.

To eliminate the use of mercury-containing devices and equipment over time in all healthcare facilities.

To serve as a guide for healthcare facility administrators in establishing and implementing effective and efficient waste management programs.

To prevent the spread of counterfeit and misbranded drugs, as recycling can lead to the re-entry of contaminated or misused vials and bottles into the market.

Healthcare waste is broadly categorized as hazardous (infectious, toxic, radioactive) and non-hazardous waste.

Waste minimization, which involves both prevention (using less-polluting options) and reduction (segregation) of waste generation.

Protecting people and the environment, increasing facility credibility, complying with regulations, and avoiding legal and reputational issues.