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Questions and Answers
Which of the following waste types is exposed to radionuclides and can have genotoxic effects?
Which of the following waste types is exposed to radionuclides and can have genotoxic effects?
What constitutes non-hazardous or general waste?
What constitutes non-hazardous or general waste?
Which of the following is an example of recyclable general waste?
Which of the following is an example of recyclable general waste?
What items are classified under biodegradable general waste?
What items are classified under biodegradable general waste?
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Which of the following waste categories includes items that do not fall under recyclable or biodegradable categories?
Which of the following waste categories includes items that do not fall under recyclable or biodegradable categories?
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What percentage of healthcare waste is typically considered hazardous?
What percentage of healthcare waste is typically considered hazardous?
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Which of the following are considered healthcare waste generators?
Which of the following are considered healthcare waste generators?
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What is the average amount of healthcare waste generated per bed per day in high-income countries?
What is the average amount of healthcare waste generated per bed per day in high-income countries?
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Which activity is NOT classified as generating healthcare waste?
Which activity is NOT classified as generating healthcare waste?
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What principle should healthcare facilities follow regarding waste management?
What principle should healthcare facilities follow regarding waste management?
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What is the primary goal of the healthcare waste management system?
What is the primary goal of the healthcare waste management system?
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In low-income countries, what is the average waste generated per bed per day?
In low-income countries, what is the average waste generated per bed per day?
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Which of the following is a major impact of improper healthcare waste management?
Which of the following is a major impact of improper healthcare waste management?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a type of chemical waste?
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of chemical waste?
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What characteristic does a chemical need to possess to be classified as hazardous?
What characteristic does a chemical need to possess to be classified as hazardous?
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Which of the following correctly describes a feature of corrosive chemical waste?
Which of the following correctly describes a feature of corrosive chemical waste?
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Among the following options, which belongs to genotoxic and cytotoxic waste?
Among the following options, which belongs to genotoxic and cytotoxic waste?
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Which of the following is a property of oxidizing chemicals?
Which of the following is a property of oxidizing chemicals?
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What kind of waste category would empty vials containing drug residues fall into?
What kind of waste category would empty vials containing drug residues fall into?
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Which waste material is categorized as poisonous to DNA?
Which waste material is categorized as poisonous to DNA?
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What characteristic does a flammable chemical exhibit?
What characteristic does a flammable chemical exhibit?
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Which category of healthcare waste is primarily associated with items that can cause cuts, pricks, or puncture wounds?
Which category of healthcare waste is primarily associated with items that can cause cuts, pricks, or puncture wounds?
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What type of healthcare waste includes tissues and body fluids or organs obtained from surgical procedures?
What type of healthcare waste includes tissues and body fluids or organs obtained from surgical procedures?
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Which of the following is a typical source of infectious waste?
Which of the following is a typical source of infectious waste?
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Which item is classified as sharps waste?
Which item is classified as sharps waste?
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Which type of waste is considered hazardous due to the potential environmental and health risks it poses?
Which type of waste is considered hazardous due to the potential environmental and health risks it poses?
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What type of laboratories typically generates pathological and anatomical waste?
What type of laboratories typically generates pathological and anatomical waste?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of infectious waste?
Which of the following is NOT an example of infectious waste?
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In which category would you classify materials that have come in direct contact with infected persons during medical procedures?
In which category would you classify materials that have come in direct contact with infected persons during medical procedures?
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Who is considered potentially at risk of injury or infection from healthcare wastes?
Who is considered potentially at risk of injury or infection from healthcare wastes?
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What type of health exposure can lead to chronic effects due to healthcare waste?
What type of health exposure can lead to chronic effects due to healthcare waste?
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What can result from inadequate incineration of healthcare waste?
What can result from inadequate incineration of healthcare waste?
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Which of the following is NOT a recognized adverse health outcome from healthcare waste management?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized adverse health outcome from healthcare waste management?
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Which method is considered an alternative to incineration for treating healthcare wastes?
Which method is considered an alternative to incineration for treating healthcare wastes?
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What is a consequence of poor compliance with healthcare waste management standards?
What is a consequence of poor compliance with healthcare waste management standards?
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What is the required temperature range for modern healthcare waste incinerators to operate effectively?
What is the required temperature range for modern healthcare waste incinerators to operate effectively?
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What can result from the disposal of untreated healthcare wastes in landfills?
What can result from the disposal of untreated healthcare wastes in landfills?
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What is the recommended action for sharps waste before transportation to the landfill?
What is the recommended action for sharps waste before transportation to the landfill?
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Which procedure must be followed for radioactive waste to be considered non-infectious?
Which procedure must be followed for radioactive waste to be considered non-infectious?
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How should hazardous chemicals be stored to ensure safety?
How should hazardous chemicals be stored to ensure safety?
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What is the proper disposal method for anatomical waste?
What is the proper disposal method for anatomical waste?
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What must happen to pathological waste if it is not collected or treated within 24 hours?
What must happen to pathological waste if it is not collected or treated within 24 hours?
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What is the most important step in healthcare waste management?
What is the most important step in healthcare waste management?
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In the context of waste recovery, what does the term 'recycling' refer to?
In the context of waste recovery, what does the term 'recycling' refer to?
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Which of the following correctly defines the 'End Pipe Approach' in waste management?
Which of the following correctly defines the 'End Pipe Approach' in waste management?
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What is required for waste generators and transporters under RA No. 6969?
What is required for waste generators and transporters under RA No. 6969?
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What is implied by the term 'green procurement policy' in waste management?
What is implied by the term 'green procurement policy' in waste management?
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Which of the following is a key focus of DOH-DENR Joint AO No. 02 Series of 2005?
Which of the following is a key focus of DOH-DENR Joint AO No. 02 Series of 2005?
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What process is involved when healthcare wastes undergo treatment?
What process is involved when healthcare wastes undergo treatment?
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What role do local regulatory agencies play in healthcare waste management?
What role do local regulatory agencies play in healthcare waste management?
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What must companies do to treat sharps and pathological waste under DOH AO No. 2007-0014?
What must companies do to treat sharps and pathological waste under DOH AO No. 2007-0014?
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What does RA No. 8749 prohibit regarding biomedical waste?
What does RA No. 8749 prohibit regarding biomedical waste?
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Which statement best describes the concept of waste recovery?
Which statement best describes the concept of waste recovery?
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In which scenario would waste segregation be considered ineffective?
In which scenario would waste segregation be considered ineffective?
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What is a requirement stated under the Procedural Manual for hazardous waste management?
What is a requirement stated under the Procedural Manual for hazardous waste management?
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Under which law is the handling, transport, and disposal of health care wastes specifically governed?
Under which law is the handling, transport, and disposal of health care wastes specifically governed?
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Which agency is directly involved in the registration process for toxic waste treatment facilities?
Which agency is directly involved in the registration process for toxic waste treatment facilities?
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What is a primary goal of harmonizing the efforts of DENR and DOH in healthcare waste management?
What is a primary goal of harmonizing the efforts of DENR and DOH in healthcare waste management?
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What is the primary difference between sterilization and disinfection in healthcare waste treatment?
What is the primary difference between sterilization and disinfection in healthcare waste treatment?
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Which healthcare waste treatment method employs thermal decomposition without oxygen?
Which healthcare waste treatment method employs thermal decomposition without oxygen?
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In the encapsulation process for healthcare waste, what material is commonly used to immobilize waste?
In the encapsulation process for healthcare waste, what material is commonly used to immobilize waste?
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What is the essential property of the chemical disinfection method?
What is the essential property of the chemical disinfection method?
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Which waste treatment process is characterized by shredding waste before sanitation?
Which waste treatment process is characterized by shredding waste before sanitation?
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Which of the following best describes the autoclave process used in healthcare waste treatment?
Which of the following best describes the autoclave process used in healthcare waste treatment?
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Which step is NOT typically included in the process of biological treatment of healthcare waste?
Which step is NOT typically included in the process of biological treatment of healthcare waste?
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What is the main benefit of using the inertization method for pharmaceutical waste?
What is the main benefit of using the inertization method for pharmaceutical waste?
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What is the primary requirement of Presidential Decree No. 1586 concerning new hospital constructions?
What is the primary requirement of Presidential Decree No. 1586 concerning new hospital constructions?
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What is the aim of AOH AO No. 2008-0021 regarding healthcare facilities?
What is the aim of AOH AO No. 2008-0021 regarding healthcare facilities?
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Which document serves as a key reference for healthcare facilities in implementing waste management programs?
Which document serves as a key reference for healthcare facilities in implementing waste management programs?
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What is the purpose of BFAD Memorandum Circular No. 2, Series of 1994?
What is the purpose of BFAD Memorandum Circular No. 2, Series of 1994?
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How are solid wastes required to be managed at the source according to RA No. 9003?
How are solid wastes required to be managed at the source according to RA No. 9003?
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Which policy specifically focuses on the phaseout of mercury usage in healthcare settings?
Which policy specifically focuses on the phaseout of mercury usage in healthcare settings?
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Which of the following statements best describes the Environmental Impact Statement System?
Which of the following statements best describes the Environmental Impact Statement System?
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What is the goal of the segregation of solid wastes at the source, as mandated by RA No. 9003?
What is the goal of the segregation of solid wastes at the source, as mandated by RA No. 9003?
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What is the primary mandate of RA No. 4226, known as the Hospital Licensure Act?
What is the primary mandate of RA No. 4226, known as the Hospital Licensure Act?
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Which of the following provisions is included in the DOH AO No. 2007-0027 regarding clinical laboratories?
Which of the following provisions is included in the DOH AO No. 2007-0027 regarding clinical laboratories?
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What is the main focus of DOH AO No. 2005-0029 concerning healthcare facilities?
What is the main focus of DOH AO No. 2005-0029 concerning healthcare facilities?
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What does Protocol 9 on Dangerous Goods address in terms of healthcare waste management?
What does Protocol 9 on Dangerous Goods address in terms of healthcare waste management?
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Which requirement was NOT introduced in the DOH AO No. 70-A Series of 2002?
Which requirement was NOT introduced in the DOH AO No. 70-A Series of 2002?
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Which component of healthcare facility regulations pertains to the preparation for emergency situations?
Which component of healthcare facility regulations pertains to the preparation for emergency situations?
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What is one of the primary guidelines mandated by the DOH for hospitals regarding personnel?
What is one of the primary guidelines mandated by the DOH for hospitals regarding personnel?
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Which healthcare law emphasizes the importance of appropriate physical facilities in hospitals?
Which healthcare law emphasizes the importance of appropriate physical facilities in hospitals?
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Study Notes
Prayer Before Class
- Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of light and wisdom, pour forth brilliance on intellect
- Dissipate darkness of sin and ignorance
- Grant a penetrating mind for understanding, retentive memory, and method for ease of learning
- Grant lucid expression
- Guide work's beginning, progression, and completion
- Pray through Jesus Christ, true God, and true man, living and reigning with the Father, forever and ever. Amen
Healthcare Waste Management
- Unit 6: Medical Technology Department, principles of medical technology practice 1
- Healthcare facilities responsible for preventing adverse health and environmental consequences from waste generation, segregation, collection, storage, transport, treatment, and disposal of healthcare waste.
Outline
-
Part I: Healthcare Wastes
- Definition
- Categories
- Impact of Healthcare Wastes
-
Part II: Healthcare Waste Management System
- Reuse, Recovery, and Recycling
- Legal Issues and Local Regulatory Agencies
Learning Outcomes
- Classify biomedical and hazardous wastes
- Explain the process of proper healthcare waste management
Healthcare Wastes
- 75-90% of healthcare waste is non-hazardous on average
- 10-25% of healthcare waste is hazardous (infectious, toxic, radioactive)
Healthcare Waste Generators
- Hospitals, medical centers
- Infirmaries
- Birthing homes
- Clinics and other health related facilities
- Medical
- Ambulatory
- Dialysis
- Healthcare centers and dispensaries
- Surgical
- Alternative medicine
- Dental
- Veterinary
- Laboratories and research centers
- Medical and biomedical laboratories
- Medical research centers
- Blood banks and blood collection services
- Dental prosthetic laboratories
- Nuclear medicine laboratories
- Biotechnology laboratories
- Animal research and testing
- Drug testing laboratories
- HIV testing laboratories
- Drug manufacturers
- Drug rehabilitation centers
- Training centers for embalmers
- Medical technology internship training centers
- Schools of radiologic technology
- Medical schools
- Nursing homes
- Dental schools
- Mortuary and autopsy centers
Categories of Healthcare Wastes
-
Hazardous:
- Sharps
- Infectious
- Pathological
- Anatomical
- Pharmaceutical
- Genotoxic
- Chemical
- Radioactive
- Pressurized containers
-
Non-Hazardous (General):
- Recyclable
- Biodegradable
- Residual
- Hazardous waste* poses environmental and health risks
Infectious Waste
- Wastes suspected to contain pathogens or toxins causing disease
- Examples:
- Cultures and stocks of infectious agents
- Wastes from surgeries
- Wastes from infected patients
- Wastes contacting patients undergoing hemodialysis
- Infected animals
- Other instruments from infected people or animals
Highly Infectious Diseases
- Based on WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual 3rd ed (2004) and DOH Administrative Order 2010-33
- Examples: SARS, HIV, AIDS, PTB, anthrax, Ebola, Hepatitis B and C, rabies, invasive group A streptococcal infections, transmissible spongiform encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, mad cow disease, HIV/AIDS, meningococcemia, viral hemorrhagic fevers, Lassa, Marburg, yellow fever, plague, SARS, and others
Pathological and Anatomical Waste
- Tissues, fluids, or organs from biopsies, autopsies, or surgical procedures
- Anatomical wastes are a subgroup of pathological waste, typically recognizable body parts from amputations
- Examples: internal organs and tissues for histopathological examination
Sharps
- Waste items causing cuts, pricks, or puncture wounds
- Most dangerous healthcare waste due to injury and infection
- Examples: Needles, syringes, scalpels, saws, blades, broken glass, knives
Chemical Waste
- Discarded solid, liquid, or gaseous chemicals used in diagnostic and experimental work, including cleaning, housekeeping, and disinfecting procedures
- Examples: Laboratory reagents, X-ray film developing solutions, disinfectants, used batteries, concentrated ammonia, concentrated hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, and mercury
Considered as Hazardous Chemical Waste
- Includes one or more of the following:
- Toxic (health and environmental hazards)
- Chemicals harm biological tissues
- Corrosive (Acid pH <2 and bases pH >12).
- Can cause severe burns
- Flammable (flashpoint below 37.8 degrees Celsius)
- Igite easily
- Reactive (when exposed to heat, pressure, shock, friction, catalyst, air or water).
- Oxidizing (oxidizing substances)
- Oxidize combustible materials
Pharmaceutical Waste
- Expired, split, or contaminated pharmaceutical products, drugs, vaccines, and sera
- Examples: Bottles, vials, boxes with residues, gloves, masks, and tubing used in handling pharmaceuticals.
Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Waste
- Highly hazardous, potentially mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic
- Examples:
- Urine, feces, vomit from patients with potentially hazardous amounts of cytotoxic, and/or their metabolites, antineoplastic drugs.
- Contaminated materials from drug preparation and administration
- Outdated, excess or returned drugs
Radioactive Waste
- Waste exposed to radionuclides (radioactive diagnostic or therapeutic materials)
- Residues from shipments of radioactive materials and unwanted solutions of radionuclides.
- Includes liquids, gases, and solids contaminated with ionizing radiations.
- Examples: cobalt, technetium, iodine, iridium, irradiated blood products, contaminated wastes from patients exposed within 48 hours.
Non-Hazardous or General Waste
- No contact with infectious agents, hazardous chemicals, or radioactive materials, posing no hazard
- Types:
- Recyclable (paper, aluminum, plastics, glass, wood)
- Biodegradable (kitchen waste, leftover food, flowers, composted garden waste)
- Residual (general waste that doesn't fit other categories)
Impact of Healthcare Wastes
- Who is at risk
- Healthcare facility staff, patients, visitors, support staff, waste transport workers, waste facility operators, and general public
- Potential hazards: injured or infected, drug-resistant microorganisms spread from facilities to the environment, chronic or acute exposure of the general population.
Adverse Health Outcomes
- Sharp-inflicted injuries
- Toxic exposure to pharmaceutical products (antibiotics, cytotoxics, mercury, dioxins)
- Air pollution (during waste incineration)
- Chemical burns (disinfection, sterilization, treatment)
- Thermal injuries (medical waste incinerators)
- Radiation burns
- Contamination of drinking and ground water (untreated waste in landfills)
- Release of chemical substances (incineration without proper handling)
- Release of pollutants and ash residue (inadequate incineration)
- Alternatives to incineration (autoclaving, microwaving, steam treatment)
- Incineration not allowed in the Philippines
Benefits of Proper Compliance
- Protect patients, health workers, and general population
- Contribute to global environmental efforts
- Increased compliance with healthcare institution laws, regulations, and guidelines
- Prevent long-term liabilities and reputational damage
Assignment
- Answer pages 189, 190, 211, 212 of Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1 by Benitez
- Deadline: 11/26/2024 12:00 noon
Dominican Blessing
- May God the Father Bless
- May God the Son Heal
- May God the Holy Spirit Enlighten
- Give Eyes, Ears, Hands, Feet, and Mouth for work and the word (of salvation)
- May the angel of peace watch over us, leading us to the Lord's kingdom
- Amen
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Description
This quiz covers Healthcare Waste Management as outlined in Unit 6 of the Medical Technology Department. It discusses the definitions, categories, and impacts of healthcare wastes, along with the principles of their proper management, including reuse, recovery, and recycling.
