Healthcare Simulation Dictionary Quiz

Healthcare Simulation Dictionary

• The Healthcare Simulation Dictionary is the intellectual property of The Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH) and is licensed to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for use and dissemination.
• Each user is granted a royalty-free, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the dictionary in their work.

Preamble

• The dictionary was created by an international group of simulation experts who gathered in Orlando, Florida, USA in January 2013.
• The goal of the project is to enhance communication and clarity for healthcare simulationists in teaching, education, assessment, research, and systems integration activities.

Updates and Additions

• The second edition (v2.1) includes a new section on common abbreviations, 49 new terms, and 13 expanded terms with additional definitions.
• An additional referent of “consider also” was added for terms that are not currently in the dictionary, but would support understanding of defined terms.
• A new section titled “Terms No Longer Recommended for Use by SSH” was added.

Characteristics

• The dictionary is a living document that represents the sum of the work at this moment.
• Terms and definitions will continue to change and be clarified, added, or deleted over time.
• The intent is to be inclusive of the various definitions in use, not to exclude any definitions or areas of healthcare simulation.
• The dictionary focuses on healthcare-simulation-specific terms and meanings.
• Many terms that are generally used in education and healthcare are not defined.

Common Abbreviations in Healthcare Simulation

• AI: Artificial Intelligence
• AR: Augmented Reality
• CAVE: Cave Automated Virtual Environment
• CHSE: Certified Healthcare Simulation Educator
• CHSE-A: Certified Healthcare Simulation Educator-Advanced
• CHSOS: Certified Healthcare Simulation Operations Specialist
• CHSOS-A: Certified Healthcare Simulation Operations Specialist-Advanced
• CONSORT: Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
• GTA: Genitourinary Teaching Associates
• HSTS: Healthcare Simulation Technology Specialist
• IPE: Interprofessional Education
• KSA: Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (or attributes)
• M&S: Modeling & Simulation
• MUTA: Male Urogenital Teaching Associates
• OS: Operations Specialist
• OSCE: Objective Structured Clinical Examination
• PETA (or PTA): Physical Exam Teaching Assistant
• SBAR: Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation
• SBE: Simulation-based Education
• SBME: Simulation-based Medical Education
• SME: Subject Matter Expert
• SP: Standardized Patient (or Simulated Patient)
• TACSIM: Tactical Simulation
• TTX: Tabletop Simulation
• VR: Virtual Reality
• WAVE: Wide Area Virtual Environment
• XR (sometimes MR): Mixed Reality

Terms

• Actor: A method of debriefing in which an observer states what was observed or performed in a simulation activity (advocacy) or shares critical or appreciative insights about it explicitly (advocacy) and then asks the learners for an explanation of their thoughts or actions (inquiry).
• Alpha and Beta Testing: Alpha testing is early testing of a product by the developers or programmers, but not by potential users. Beta testing is early testing of a software, program, simulation, or game by potential users.
• Adaptive Learning: Incorporates a wide range of technologies and techniques that observes participants and adjusts the learning experience on demand to meet the unique needs of the participants and facilitate the individual/team members in meeting the identified objectives.
• Advocacy and Inquiry: Advocacy seeks to learn what others think, know, want, or feel; whereas advocacy includes statements that communicate what an individual thinks, knows, wants, or feels.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): A method of debriefing in which an observer states what was observed or performed in a simulation activity (advocacy) or shares critical or appreciative insights about it explicitly (advocacy) and then asks the learners for an explanation of their thoughts or actions (inquiry).
• Formative Assessment: A type of assessment wherein the facilitator’s focus is on the participant’s progress toward goal attainment through preset criteria; a process for an individual or group engaged in a simulation activity for the purpose of providing constructive feedback for that individual or group to improve.### Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence
• Intelligence refers to understanding, comprehension, and power of discerning.
• The term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined in 1956 and refers to the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.
• AI in healthcare simulation often refers to underlying programming that provides physiological or system-based algorithm changes based on user inputs.

Assessment

• Assessment refers to processes that provide information about or feedback on individual participants, groups, or programs.
• It involves measurement of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) to improve future outcomes.
• Assessors must have specific and substantial training, expertise, and competency in assessment.

Augmented Reality

• Augmented Reality (AR) is a type of virtual reality that overlays digital information on real-world objects.
• AR enhances the user experience by making invisible information perceptible to human senses.
• AR is a spectrum of mixed-reality simulation that is part way between the real world and the virtual world.

Avatar

• An avatar is a virtual object used to represent a physical object (e.g., a human) in a virtual world.
• Avatars can have facial expressions, physical responses, and can be controlled by users through a mouse, keyboard, or joystick.

Back Story or Backstory

• A back story is a narrative that provides a history and/or background for a fictional character(s) or situation.
• It is created to support simulation activities and can include information provided to participants, standardized patients, and staff.

Behavioral Skills

• Behavioral Skills refer to the range of activities encompassed within the category of interpersonal interaction.
• Examples include bedside manner, teamwork, leadership, and communication.

Brief or Briefing

• A brief is an activity that provides essential information about a simulation scenario.
• Briefing materials may include a handover, physician referral letter, or an ambulance call transcript.

Cave Automated Virtual Environment (CAVE)

• CAVE is a large cube wall structure that projects images to create an immersive virtual environment.
• Participants use specialized goggles to experience stereoscopic depth.

Clinical Scenario

• A clinical scenario is a detailed outline of a clinical encounter that includes participants, briefing notes, goals, and learning objectives.
• Scenarios can vary in length and complexity depending on the learning objectives.

Cognitive Load

• Cognitive Load refers to the amount of information that the working memory of a participant or facilitator can manage at any given point.
• Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) was proposed by Sweller et al. (1998) based on the working memory model introduced by Baddeley (1992).

CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials)

• CONSORT is a set of standards for reporting trials.
• The standards aim to ensure that information is reported transparently and accurately.### Computer-Based Simulation
• A computer-based simulation is the modeling of real-life processes with inputs and outputs confined to a computer, usually associated with a monitor and a keyboard or other simple assistive device.
• Subsets of computer-based simulation include virtual patients, virtual reality task trainers, and immersive virtual reality simulation.

Etymology

• The word "report" comes from Latin "reportare" meaning "to carry back, bear back, bring back," figuratively "to write (an account) for information or record."
• The word "computer" comes from Latin "computare" meaning "to calculate."
• The word "simulation" comes from Latin "simulare" meaning "to imitate."

Trial and Simulation

• A trial is an act or process of testing, a putting to proof, experiment, or examination.
• Simulation is a model or mock-up for purposes of experiment or training.

Conceptual Fidelity

• In health care simulation, conceptual fidelity ensures that all elements of the scenario relate to each other in a realistic way so that the case makes sense as a whole to the learner(s).
• To maximize conceptual fidelity, cases or scenarios should be reviewed by subject matter experts and pilot-tested prior to use with learners.

Debrief and Debriefing

• Debrief is a formal, collaborative, reflective process within the simulation learning activity.
• Debriefing is a process of moving toward assimilation and accommodation of learning to future situations.
• Debriefing should foster the development of clinical judgment and critical thinking skills.

Deliberate Practice

• Deliberate practice is a theory of general psychology that states the differences between expert performers and normal adults reflect a life-long period of deliberate effort to improve performance in a specific domain.
• A systematically designed activity that has been created specifically to improve an individual's performance in a given domain.

Discrete Simulation

• A discrete simulation is a simulation that relies on variables changed only at a countable number of points in time.
• Each event occurs at a particular instant in time and marks a change of state in the system.

Distributed Simulation

• Distributed simulation is the concept of simulation on-demand, made widely available wherever and whenever it is required.
• A set of simulations operating in a common environment and distributed to learners.

Distance Simulation

• Distance simulation is implementing a simulation or training at a physical distance from the participant(s).
• May include operating a simulator via remote access or remote-controlled.

Durational Simulation

• A durational simulation is the opposite of a discrete simulation in that changes occur in the system between simulations.
• A simulation that models the operation of a system as a continuous sequence of events in time.