Healthcare Regulations Quiz

Questions and Answers

Who are the persons authorized to perform medical examinations according to the Code of Sanitation of the Philippines?

Health officers

Medical officers of law enforcement agencies

Members of the medical staff of accredited hospitals

All of the above (correct)

What must a medical practitioner do upon treating a person for serious or less serious physical injuries?

Report the treatment to the nearest Philippine Constabulary unit without delay.

Medical practitioners must charge a fee for transmitting reports of physical injuries.

False

The ____ is the branch of medicine which deals with the application of medical knowledge to the purposes of law.

Legal Medicine Signup and view all the answers

Match the following articles with their descriptions:

Article 262 = Mutilation Article 263 = Serious Physical Injuries Article 264 = Administering Injurious Substances and Beverages Article 265 = Less Serious Physical Injuries Signup and view all the answers

What should medical personnel do if they suspect a child has suffered abuse?

They should report the examination and/or treatment of the child within forty-eight hours. Signup and view all the answers

A medical jurist can be called to testify in a court of law.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a medical jurist?

To specialize in the science of Legal Medicine and to assist in legal matters regarding medical knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Executive Order?

Acts of the President providing rules of a general or permanent character. Signup and view all the answers

What are the phases of standardized polygraph interrogation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

During the pre-test interview phase, baseline determination involves determining pre-existing medical or psychiatric conditions and use of _____ or prescribed drugs.

prohibited Signup and view all the answers

The results of a polygraph test are always admissible in court.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the post-test interrogation phase?

To clarify findings and obtain more information. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why testimonies obtained through hypnosis are not admissible in court?

Heightened suggestibility produces reliable testimony Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOA of sodium penthotal?

GABAa receptor blocker. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a voluntary extra-judicial confession?

Willful confession without force or intimidation Signup and view all the answers

An ex-convict is one who has been declared not guilty of a criminal offense.

False Signup and view all the answers

What must happen if a suspect cannot afford an attorney?

One must be provided for them. Signup and view all the answers

Witnesses are generally not suspects in an interrogation.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the acts and commands of the President in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief called?

General or special orders Signup and view all the answers

What branch of law defines rules concerning pleadings, legal practices, and procedures of courts in the Philippines?

Remedial law Signup and view all the answers

Unwritten or common law is based on statutory laws.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a special law?

Code of Sanitation (PD 86) Signup and view all the answers

Which rule involves the admissibility of evidence?

Rule 128 Signup and view all the answers

A law can only be applied to cases after its ______.

promulgation Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule concerning the retroactive effect of laws?

Laws shall have no retroactive effect unless the contrary is provided. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of testimonial evidence?

Documentary Evidence Signup and view all the answers

Which method uses physiological responses to detect deception?

Psychological Stress Evaluator Signup and view all the answers

Every form of evidence is admissible in court.

False Signup and view all the answers

According to remedial law, what is required to prove a civil case?

Preponderance of evidence Signup and view all the answers

A plea of guilty when formally entered is sufficient to sustain a conviction.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fingerprinting in human body identification?

To identify individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is the premise of the Bertillon system?

The human skeleton is unchangeable after 20 years of age. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for creating a portrait parle?

Knowledge of genetic makeup Signup and view all the answers

Fingerprints of an individual may change completely overnight.

False Signup and view all the answers

The _____ method of identification utilizes anthropometrical measurements.

Bertillon Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements to their related concepts in forensic identification:

Dactylography = Art and study of recording fingerprints Dactyloscopy = Art and study of identification by comparison of fingerprints Poroscopy = Study of the pores in fingerprints Anthropometry = Measurement of the human body for identification Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of scars in human body identification?

Scars serve as unique identifying characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following body characteristics is used to establish paternity?

Facial features Signup and view all the answers

The accuracy of dental records is based on the proximity to the time of death.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is bibliotics?

The science of handwriting analysis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones can be used to determine height? (Select all that apply)

Humerus Signup and view all the answers

What can be determined from the presence or absence of soft tissues adhering to bones?

Duration from death to interment Signup and view all the answers

All soft tissues in a grave usually disappear within a year.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following legal articles with their significance:

Article 176 = Child considered illegitimate if born out of wedlock Article 213 = Child under seven years shall be separated from the mother Article 202, No. 5 = Women deemed offenders in acts for profit Article 333 = Definition of adultery Article 334 = Definition of concubinage Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of legal determination of age?

To aid in identification, determine criminal liability, right to suffrage, and capacity to contract marriage. Signup and view all the answers

What are Tardieu spots?

Dark pinpoint spots seen when capillaries rupture due to increased pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first post-mortem change that begins after death?

Rigor mortis Signup and view all the answers

The period from the time of death up to the time of examination may be determined by the nature and presence of soft tissues and degree of __________ of the bones.

erosion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can indicate a minimum time since death? (Select all that apply)

Presence of maggots Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Authorized Personnel

Health officers, medical officers of law enforcement, and accredited medical staff can perform specific legal medical examinations.
Reporting of physical injuries by medical practitioners is mandated under the Code of Sanitation of the Philippines (PD856, 1976).

Reporting Requirements

Medical establishments must report any treatment related to serious or less serious physical injuries to the nearest police unit without delay.
No fees shall be charged for the transmission of such reports.

Legal Medicine Overview

Legal Medicine applies medical knowledge for law and justice.
It integrates clinical, medical, and paramedical sciences to address legal matters.

Medical Jurisprudence and Ethics

Medical jurisprudence involves laws governing medical practice and responsibilities.
Ethical considerations in medical practice are crucial, with a focus on rights and duties of practitioners.

Child Abuse Reporting

Medical personnel suspecting abuse must document injuries, provide medical certificates, and notify the Department of Social Welfare within 48 hours.
Failure to report may result in fines of up to P2,000.

Legal and Ethical Foundations

Legal Medicine has a framework defined by constitutional law, statutory law, administrative regulations, and executive orders.
Rights, duties, and obligations of practitioners are foundational elements of legal medicine in the Philippines.

Distinctions in Legal Medicine

Legal Medicine focuses on law enforcement procedures while Medical Jurisprudence emphasizes rights and responsibilities in healthcare.

Types of Laws

Constitutional Law: Governs state policies and civil rights.
Statutory Law (Legal Medicine): Comes from legislation passed by Congress and signed into law by the President.
Administrative Law: Established by executive agencies to assist in enforcing laws.

Application of Legal Medicine

Relevant in various legal contexts, including civil and criminal law, focusing on personal injury and liability.
Impacts fundamental legal processes, including marriage, paternity, criminal responsibility, and evidentiary standards.

Common Law and Unwritten Law

Unwritten laws stem from customs and societal practices and can influence judicial decisions via Stare Decisis.

Role of Medical Jurists

Medical jurists observe and document injuries, providing expert testimony in court regarding medical findings.

Legal Medicine in Court Procedures

Legal Medicine is applied in various judicial contexts, including mental examinations, hospitalization of the insane, and evidentiary rules.

Enforcement of Constitutional Provisions

Any administrative acts contrary to constitutional provisions are void, with the Constitution prevailing in legal matters.### Legal Medicine and Application
Legal Medicine applies to several special laws, including the Code of Sanitation, Dangerous Drugs Act, and Youth and Child Welfare Code.
Any existing law inconsistent with a subsequent law is repealed by the latter law.

Evidence and Rules of Evidence

Evidence is the means to ascertain truth in judicial proceedings, governed by the Rules of Court.
Ignorance of the law does not excuse compliance, preventing it from being a defense against violations.
Laws have no retroactive effect unless explicitly stated; application occurs only post-promulgation.

Admissibility of Evidence

The same rules of evidence apply across all cases and courts.
Original evidence is preferred; secondary evidence is admissible when original is unavailable.
Oral evidence cannot alter, contradict, or modify original evidence.

Exclusionary Rules

Evidence obtained through unlawful search, seizure, or violation of privacy is inadmissible.
Extrajudicial confessions must be counseled and informed to be valid; coerced confessions are excluded.

Types of Evidence

Physical Evidence: Tangible objects introduced for examination in court.
Documentary Evidence: Records and instruments like medical reports, autopsy reports, and documentation for legal purposes.
Testimonial Evidence: Oral testimonies may come from ordinary or expert witnesses, classified based on knowledge and skills.
Autoptic Evidence: Evidence directly related to the senses of the court.

Special Considerations in Evidence Presentation

Sensitive evidence, such as sexual abuse recordings, must be presented in court and not through remote means.
Prima facie evidence establishes a fact unless disproved or rebutted.

Methods for Deception Detection

Technologies include polygraphs and other psycho-physiological response recording devices.
Methods may assist in evaluating truthfulness but are not definitive in court.

Evidence Necessary for Conviction

Direct Evidence: Proves a fact without inference.
Circumstantial Evidence: Supports assertions through inference from multiple proven circumstances.

Standards for Evidence Sufficiency

Preponderance of evidence must be established by the plaintiff in civil cases.
Proof beyond reasonable doubt is required for criminal cases leading to conviction.

Polygraph Details

Polygraphs measure physiological responses but are not definitive; results are often inadmissible due to various influencing factors.
Phases of polygraph interrogation include pre-test, actual interrogation, and post-test interviews.
Proper administration requires qualified personnel and controlled environments for accurate results.### Standardized Polygraph Phases
Phase 2 involves using detectors attached to the subject with standardized questions.
Questions are categorized into irrelevant (background info), relevant (case-specific), and control questions (intermediate relevance).
Phase 3 entails post-test interrogation to clarify findings and obtain further information.

Psychological Testing Techniques

Word Association Test requires subjects to respond quickly to stimulus/non-stimulus questions.
Psychological Stress Evaluator uses voice analysis: microtremors in speech can indicate stress; a lack of microtremor suggests lying.

Drugs in Interrogation Techniques

Drugs that inhibit the inhibitor can elicit involuntary responses; this violates rights against self-incrimination.
Sodium amytal and sodium pentothal are GABAa receptor blockers, impairing brain functions but potentially unreliable for confessions.
Alcohol (Ethanol) acts similarly, causing CNS depression and impaired judgment.

Hypnosis and Its Limitations

Hypnosis alters consciousness and increases suggestibility, but not all individuals are susceptible.
Testimonies obtained through hypnosis are often inadmissible in court due to their involuntary nature.

Types of Confessions

Extra-judicial confessions must be corroborated and can be voluntary (uncoerced) or involuntary (coerced through intimidation).
Judicial confessions are made during trial and can mitigate sentences.

Legal Rights in Interrogation

Individuals must be informed of their right to remain silent, to legal counsel, and that anything said can be used against them in court.
Confessions obtained under duress, intimidation, or while incommunicado are inadmissible in evidence.

Identification of Human Remains

Goals include confirming identity and establishing links between missing persons and unidentified cadavers.
Methods of identification involve comparison to known records and assessing post-mortem findings against ante-mortem records.

Variables in Human Body Identification

Factors like skin color, facial features, handedness, and deformities are assessed for individuality.
Tattoos, scars, and other marks can provide essential identifying details.

Anthropometrics

Alphonse Bertillon developed a system of anthropometrical measurement for human identification, based on unique skeletal characteristics.
His premise states that no two humans have identical bone structures, simplifying identity verification through measurement.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the personnel authorized to perform health-related duties as described in healthcare regulations. This quiz covers the roles of health officers, law enforcement medical officers, and members of the medical staff. Understand the legal and professional frameworks guiding these positions.