233 Questions
What is the main purpose of the NQF?
To promote and reconcile new guidelines, standards, and reporting measures for health care quality improvement
How many member organizations are currently part of the NQF?
More than 400
Who governs the organization NQF?
Board of directors representing various stakeholders
What does the NQF consensus process entail?
Reconciliation and promotion of hospital performance measures and standards
What is the special legal status conferred on hospital performance measures and standards endorsed by NQF?
Voluntary consensus standards
Who does the NQF represent in addition to health care consumer advocacy groups?
Public and private purchasers
What was the approximate reduction in infection rates for hospitals with strong infection control commitment?
32%
When was the requirement for accredited hospitals to have infection control programs established?
1976
Which organization mandated accredited hospitals to have infection control programs?
The Joint Commission
What is the role of CDC's NHSN and EIP in preventing and controlling HAIs?
Providing data for reports tracking HAI progress
What is the main role of CDC's DHQP in preventing and controlling HAIs?
Conducting clinical research
What is the role of HICPAC in preventing and controlling HAIs?
Providing advice and guidance to DHHS and CDC
What resources has the CDC developed and made available for HAI prevention and control?
All of the above
What is the primary purpose of NHSN?
Providing data for reports tracking HAI progress
What is the focus of APIC, SHEA, and SIS in collaboration with DHQP?
Developing practice guidelines
What does the SHEPheRD Program focus on?
Funding research on HAI prevention and control
What is the key function of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP)?
Training and developing professionals for HAI prevention
What aspects does EIP track for preventing and controlling HAIs?
Blood safety errors
What is the primary mission of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)?
To produce and promote evidence-based information for informed healthcare decisions
Which organization has diverse expertise in clinical health sciences research?
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)
What is the estimated annual number of deaths in the U.S. from hospital errors, injuries, accidents, and infections?
440,000
What influenced the patient safety movement in healthcare settings?
Industrial quality-improvement practices
What did the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) report 'To Err Is Human' advocate for?
Application of industrial quality-improvement practices in healthcare settings
What is a significant concern and the target of prevention efforts in healthcare settings?
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
What does the Cochrane Collaboration translate into 14 languages to make evidence accessible?
"Plain-language summaries"
Where does the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) get its funding from?
U.S. Treasury and CMS trust funds
'Freedom from accidental injury' is a definition attributed to which method in the patient safety movement?
"To Err Is Human" report
Which type of organization contributes to quality improvement through clinical practice guidelines and quality of care standards?
"Healthcare professional associations"
'To Err Is Human' brought national attention to which issue?
"Medical errors"
Which type of review does the Cochrane Collaboration have over 7,500 of in the Cochrane Library?
Systematic Reviews
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the challenging nature of preventing HAIs?
Lack of awareness about HAIs among healthcare staff
What was the origin of infection-control programs in the US?
Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus infection outbreaks of the 1950s
What was the pioneering effort to prevent HAIs in the 1960s?
Comprehensive Hospital Infections Project
Which program provided rigorous scientific evidence for the effectiveness of infection control programs in the 1970s?
Study on the Effectiveness of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC)
In which year was SENIC implemented with 338 randomly selected US hospitals?
1970
What percentage of inpatients in the US are affected by HAIs?
1 in 25
What do HAIs stand for?
Healthcare-Associated Infections
'Antimicrobial resistance among major infective organisms' complicates HAI prevention and control due to:
'Superbugs' becoming more common
'Healthcare-associated infections' are defined as infections acquired by patients:
... that were not present at the time of admission.
What was one key factor that contributed to the challenging nature of preventing HAIs?
Ubiquity of microorganisms in healthcare settings
Which group may inadvertently spread pathogens as they move between patients?
Healthcare staff members
What is a significant cause of illness and death in the US according to the stem?
HAIs
What is the main objective of the National Quality Forum (NQF)?
To provide data for performance-based decisions and incentives
Which organization aims to improve health care safety, quality, and affordability through transparency?
The Leapfrog Group
What is the primary mission of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)?
To improve health and health care worldwide
Which organization is dedicated to producing evidence that improves health care quality through systematic reviews?
Cochrane Collaboration
What is the specific role of the Business Roundtable in relation to health care improvement?
To trigger giant leaps forward in U.S. health care
Which program is included in Leapfrog's initiatives for health care improvement?
Value-Based Purchasing Program
What initiative was developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) to improve health care quality?
100,000 Lives Campaign
What type of decision-making does Cochrane Collaboration aim to promote in health care?
'Evidence-informed' decision-making
Which organization has developed the Triple Aim framework for optimizing health system performance?
Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)
Which organization has a mission to trigger giant leaps forward in U.S. health care?
Business Roundtable
What is the primary goal of the Cochrane Collaboration?
To produce evidence that improves health care quality through systematic reviews
What is the primary purpose of the NHSN's annual and special reports on HAI infection rates?
To assist in HAI quality-improvement initiatives
What is the purpose of the online Hospital Compare provided by the NHSN?
To provide hospital-level information on HAIs
What is a hallmark of the effort to prevent and control HAIs according to the text?
Collaboration and coordination among federal agencies
What is reflected in the number of health care facilities that participate in CDC’s HAI monitoring activities?
Success of collaboration with professional organizations
What does the 2017 National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) Progress Report provide?
A summary of select HAIs in four health care settings
Where can practice guidelines for specific HAIs be found according to the text?
In the CDC's Guidelines Library
What is a key area covered in the 2017 National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) Progress Report?
Progress in preventing and controlling HAIs
What is included in the technical tables provided in the 2017 National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) Progress Report?
Additional statistics about HAIs, reporting mandates, and data validation efforts
Which infections are covered in the 2017 National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) Progress Report?
CLABSI, SSI, CAUTI, VAE, C. diff, and MRSA
Where can detailed practice guidelines for each of these HAIs be found?
In the CDC's Guidelines Library
What is a significant source of information used to motivate continued improvement in HAI prevention efforts?
Hospital Compare website
What does the National Quality Forum (NQF) aim to reconcile?
Redundant and incompatible guidelines
Which act was the NQF consensus process developed pursuant to and in accordance with?
National Technology Transfer Act of 1995
What legal status does NQF endorsement confer on hospital performance measures and standards?
Voluntary consensus standards
How many member organizations are currently part of the National Quality Forum?
400 member organizations
Who is represented on the board of directors of the National Quality Forum?
Consumers, purchasers, providers, insurers, and health services experts
What is the primary function of the National Quality Forum (NQF)?
Improving health care safety, quality, and affordability
What was the name of the pioneering effort to prevent HAIs in the 1960s?
National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
What did the Study on the Effectiveness of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) in the 1970s provide?
Rigorous scientific evidence for the effectiveness of infection control programs
What is the main role of CDC's DHQP in preventing and controlling HAIs?
Developing guidelines for HAI prevention
What influenced the patient safety movement in healthcare settings?
Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus infection outbreaks of the 1950s
What is the focus of APIC, SHEA, and SIS in collaboration with DHQP?
Providing guidelines for HAI prevention
What is the specific role of the Business Roundtable in relation to health care improvement?
Implementing patient safety measures
What does the SHEPheRD Program focus on?
Promoting patient safety in healthcare facilities
'Freedom from accidental injury' is a definition attributed to which method in the patient safety movement?
$IHI Triple Aim framework$
'Healthcare-associated infections' are defined as infections acquired by patients:
$In healthcare facilities after admission$
'What initiative was developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) to improve health care quality?'
IHI Triple Aim framework
What do HAIs stand for?
Hospital-Associated Infections
What is reflected in the number of health care facilities that participate in CDC’s HAI monitoring activities?
The effectiveness of infection control programs
Which organization aims to improve health care safety, quality, and affordability by using transparency to support informed decisions and promote high-value care?
Leapfrog Group
Which organization developed the Triple Aim framework for optimizing health system performance?
Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)
Which organization is dedicated to producing evidence that improves health care quality through systematic reviews and other synthesized research evidence?
Cochrane Collaboration
What is the primary mission of the National Quality Forum (NQF)?
To endorse quality measures and patient safety practices
Which organization issued reports on quality measures and makes data publicly available to enable performance-based decisions and stimulate health care improvement?
National Quality Forum (NQF)
What is the mission of Cochrane Collaboration?
To produce evidence that improves health care quality through systematic reviews
Which organization was founded by the Business Roundtable with a mission to trigger giant leaps forward in U.S. health care?
Leapfrog Group
'Healthcare-associated infections' are defined as infections acquired by patients:
While receiving medical treatment in a healthcare facility
'Freedom from accidental injury' is a definition attributed to which method in the patient safety movement?
Practice of safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care
What did the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) report 'To Err Is Human' advocate for?
Improving patient safety through medical errors reduction
What is the role of CDC's NHSN and EIP in preventing and controlling HAIs?
Monitoring and tracking HAIs in healthcare settings
What is the primary purpose of the NHSN?
To produce annual and special reports on HAI infection rates
What is the role of the DHHS Steering Committee for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections?
To establish the HHS Action Plan to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections
What is the focus of the 2017 National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) Progress Report?
Progress in prevention of specific HAIs
What type of facilities are included in CDC's HAI monitoring activities?
Acute care, long-term care, psychiatric, and rehabilitation hospitals
Where can practice guidelines for each of the specific HAIs be found?
CDC's Guidelines Library
What is reflected in the success of collaboration among federal agencies and health care facilities?
Number of health care facilities participating in CDC’s HAI monitoring activities
What does Hospital Compare provide public scrutiny of?
Healthcare-associated infections
'To Err Is Human' brought national attention to which issue?
Patient safety movement
'Freedom from accidental injury' is a definition attributed to which method in the patient safety movement?
'Freedom from Errors'
'Antimicrobial resistance among major infective organisms' complicates HAI prevention and control due to:
'Increased difficulty in treating infections'
What does the Triple Aim framework aim to optimize?
Patient outcomes and experiences
What was the focus of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)?
Triggering giant leaps forward in U.S. health care
What is the main purpose of the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)?
Providing data for reports to track HAI progress and problems
What is the role of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) in preventing and controlling HAIs?
Developing and publishing infection control guidelines
What is the primary function of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP) at the CDC?
Supporting HAI prevention through clinical research
What is a significant role of the Emerging Infections Program (EIP) in preventing and controlling HAIs?
Providing data for reports to track HAI progress and problems
What is the key contribution of professional infection-control organizations like APIC, SHEA, and SIS in preventing HAIs?
Collaborating with DHQP to generate, update, and publish infection control guidelines
What is a significant function of the SHEPheRD Program in preventing and eliminating HAIs?
Funding clinical research at CDC's DHQP
What is the specific role of a hospital epidemiologist in reducing infection rates?
Monitoring and reinforcing the implementation of guidelines
What was the pioneering effort that led to the acceptance of infection control guidelines in hospitals?
The mandate from The Joint Commission for accredited hospitals to have infection control programs
What influenced the patient safety movement in healthcare settings?
The evidence from hospitals with strong infection control commitment
What did the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) report 'To Err Is Human' advocate for?
A focus on patient safety and reducing medical errors
What is the primary mission of the Cochrane Collaboration?
To produce and promote high-integrity, evidence-based information to improve healthcare delivery and outcomes
What is the main goal of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)?
To help people make informed healthcare decisions and improve healthcare delivery and outcomes
What is the role of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP)?
To promote high-integrity, evidence-based information in healthcare
What is the primary purpose of the National Quality Forum (NQF)?
To trigger giant leaps forward in U.S. health care
What is the focus of APIC, SHEA, and SIS in collaboration with DHQP?
To reduce errors, injuries, and infections in healthcare settings
'Freedom from accidental injury' is a definition attributed to which method in the patient safety movement?
Total Quality Management (TQM)
'To Err Is Human' (2000) brought national attention to which issue?
Prevalence of medical errors and advocating for quality-improvement practices
'Antimicrobial resistance among major infective organisms' complicates HAI prevention and control due to:
Challenging nature of preventing HAIs
Where can practice guidelines for specific HAIs be found according to the text?
In healthcare professional associations like the American Medical Association
What was one key factor that contributed to the challenging nature of preventing HAIs?
Influence from Total Quality Management (TQM) methods
What was the approximate reduction in infection rates for hospitals with strong infection control commitment?
75%
What resources has the CDC developed and made available for HAI prevention and control?
Online Hospital Compare provided by the NHSN
What was the approximate percentage decrease in MRSA bacteremia between 2016 and 2017 according to the 2017 Progress Report?
8%
Which type of healthcare facility is the largest group monitored by the NHSN, as mentioned in the text?
Acute care hospitals
What is the main source for making NHSN data on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) available for individual hospitals?
Medicare.gov
What does the acronym CLABSI stand for in the context of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections
According to the 2017 Progress Report, what was the approximate percentage decrease in C. diff infections between 2016 and 2017?
13%
Where can information about quality measures (QMs) for individual hospitals, including healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), be found?
Medicare.gov
What is the specific criterion for evaluating health system performance in health care?
Allocative efficiency
What was a primary goal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
Setting minimum standards for private health insurance policies
Which racial/ethnic group experienced the largest coverage gain after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
Hispanics
What was a consequence of being uninsured, according to the text?
Reduced access to healthcare providers
What is the main focus of microlevel health care efficiency assessment?
Production functions
Which demographic groups were disproportionately affected by lack of health insurance or underinsurance?
Urban residents and minority groups
What is the main focus of macrolevel health care efficiency assessment?
International comparisons
What was a factor contributing to reduced access to healthcare for rural and inner-city residents?
Lack of healthcare resources and providers
What was the result of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in terms of insured individuals by 2018?
Both a and b
What did previous reform efforts prior to the ACA aim to address?
Closing disparities in health care access and quality
How does the United States primarily finance its health care system?
Through a mixed system including employer-based insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid
What is the third criterion for evaluating health system performance in health care?
Efficiency
What is the primary concern of allocative efficiency in health care?
Most valued mix of services
What was a common issue faced by uninsured individuals in seeking healthcare?
Delayed healthcare seeking
Which group saw improvements in health care access and a narrowing of socioeconomic disparities under the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
Low-income households
What does production efficiency in health care focus on?
Producing services at minimum cost
Which group experienced a narrowing of disparities in health insurance coverage after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
Hispanics
What is the primary focus of macrolevel health care efficiency assessment?
International comparisons of health care systems
What was the primary association of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) as stated in the text?
Mandated individual health insurance purchase and provided subsidies for those with low incomes
What is the primary purpose of the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)?
To measure population health outcomes
What is the role of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP)?
Promoting healthcare-associated infection prevention and control
What does the NQF consensus process entail?
Developing quality measures through consensus
What was the approximate reduction in infection rates for hospitals with strong infection control commitment?
40%
'Freedom from accidental injury' is a definition attributed to which method in the patient safety movement?
Infection control programs
'Antimicrobial resistance among major infective organisms' complicates HAI prevention and control due to:
Challenges in designing and evaluating interventions
What influenced the patient safety movement in healthcare settings?
'To Err Is Human' report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM)
'To Err Is Human' brought national attention to which issue?
Patient safety in healthcare settings
'Healthcare-associated infections' are defined as infections acquired by patients:
During the course of receiving treatment
'Freedom from accidental injury' is a definition attributed to which method in the patient safety movement?
Infection control programs
'To Err Is Human' brought national attention to which issue?
Patient safety in healthcare settings
'Healthcare-associated infections' are defined as infections acquired by patients:
During the course of receiving treatment
In the 2017 Commonwealth Fund's Mirror, Mirror on the Wall report, how did the US health system's performance compare to other high-income countries?
Rated worst in nearly every respect
According to the 2016 report, what contributed to the US health care spending being the highest among 11 peer nations?
Higher administrative costs
What did the Commonwealth Fund's National Scorecard evaluate the US health care system using?
47 indicators in four dimensions: Access and Affordability, Prevention and Treatment, Potentially Avoidable Hospital Use and Cost, and Healthy Lives
What does the United States spend more on than other high-income countries according to the text?
Health care administration
What did the 2010 and 2014 reports compare regarding the US health care system with 10 peer nations?
% of GDP spent on health care
What did the US rank last in according to the Commonwealth Fund's Mirror, Mirror on The Wall reports?
Mortality amenable to health care
What aspect of health system performance did the US rank last in according to the 2017 Commonwealth Fund's Mirror, Mirror on The Wall report?
Equity
What is the estimated percentage of VAP cases that may be preventable with current evidence-based strategies?
55%
What is a significant factor making full implementation of infection-control guidelines challenging in hospitals?
Competing priorities
What is the primary goal of the Affordable Care Act?
Expanding access to care
What is the estimated annual number of deaths in the U.S. from hospital errors, injuries, accidents, and infections?
100,000
What is the main role of CDC's Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP) in preventing and controlling HAIs?
Providing training and resources to hospitals
What was the pioneering effort that led to the acceptance of infection control guidelines in hospitals?
SENIC study
'Freedom from accidental injury' is a definition attributed to which method in the patient safety movement?
Quality improvement methods
'To Err Is Human' brought national attention to which issue?
Medical errors
'Antimicrobial resistance among major infective organisms' complicates HAI prevention and control due to:
Increased difficulty in treating infections
What does the SHEPheRD Program focus on?
Preventing and eliminating HAIs
What resources has the CDC developed and made available for HAI prevention and control?
Training and resources for hospitals
What is a significant concern for equity in healthcare according to the text?
Access to preventive services
What is the primary purpose of the Uniform Billing Form (UB-04 or CMS 1450)?
To submit bills to health insurance companies
Which form is used by individual providers, including physicians, nurses, therapists, chiropractors, and other health care professionals?
HCFA-1500
What did the HIPAA administration simplification section require?
Standardizing the claims format for electronic exchange among all payers
What information is included in the Uniform Billing Form (UB-04 or CMS 1450)?
Diagnoses associated with treatment provided and treatment codes
What was the primary impact of HIPAA on the claims format for electronic exchange?
It standardized the format for all payers, making it easier for providers to submit claims electronically
What is the purpose of the HCFA-1500 (CMS 1500) form?
To submit bills to health insurance companies
What type of data is increasingly computerized and comes in two forms: Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) and Electronic Health Records (EHRs)?
Medical records
Which system focuses on the total health of the patient and reaches out to other health care providers for a more comprehensive view of patient care?
EHRs
Which survey provides important health data not contained in administrative or medical records, such as patient satisfaction and perceptions of quality of care?
HCAHPS
Which source provides crucial information for evaluating health systems performance at the macrolevel, providing data on births, deaths, and other health-related statistics?
National Vital Statistics System (NVSS)
Where can relevant health surveys and administrative data be obtained electronically from?
Various organizations, including CDC, AHRQ, and CMS
What type of information do enrollment files contain about patients and beneficiaries in various health care facilities and organizations?
Basic demographic data and health insurance information
Which system allows clinicians to easily access patient data for tracking trends, preventive care, and overall quality improvement within one practice?
EMRs
Which survey measures patient perceptions of hospital care and provides standardized data for comparison?
HCAHPS
What does the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) provide data on?
Births, deaths, and other health-related statistics
Which organization provides relevant health surveys and administrative data electronically?
CDC, AHRQ, and CMS
What is the main focus of CPT Category II and similar extensions?
Quality measurement and population analytics
Who administers the Cancer Registries established by Congress in 1992?
National Program of Cancer Registries
Which organization has been leading the effort to develop Health Information Exchange (HIE) since 2004?
Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC)
What percentage of nonfederal acute care hospitals had necessary patient health information electronically available from health care providers or sources outside their systems at the point of care as of 2018?
90%
Which organization awarded eMeasure Certification to the Nebraska Health Information Initiative (NHII) in 2019?
National Quality Forum (NQF)
Since when have the Medicare and Medicaid Electronic Health Record (EHR) Incentive Programs been providing incentive payments?
2004
For how long has the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) been administering the NVSS?
Since 2019
Which organization is responsible for promoting nationwide health information exchange and supporting the adoption of health information technology?
Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC)
What did NCQA award to the Nebraska Health Information Initiative (NHII) in 2019, making it the first exchange organization to receive this certification?
eMeasure Certification
Which initiative aims to provide patients, providers, and payers with electronic access to a patient’s health information across all care sites?
Health Information Exchange (HIE)
What does the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) include as three data sources?
Linked Birth and Infant Death Data, Mortality Data, Natality Data
The NHSN system will initially focus on data collection for which of the following adverse events?
Bloodstream infections
What will the medication-associated module of the NHSN system maintain?
Antibiotic prescription monitoring
Which organization will provide web-based data sharing and data analysis tools through the NHSN system?
CDC
What has been a major focus in the past 20 years with regard to health care quality?
Equity in access
What is a concern for policy makers in relation to health care access and quality?
Equity in access
What is a key area of focus for the NHSN system in relation to medication-associated events?
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring
What is a primary function of the CDC's NHSN system?
Web-based data sharing and analysis
What has received less attention in the discussion about health care system performance?
Efficiency improvement
What will be available to all bona fide health care entities under the proposed system?
Adverse event surveillance modules
What does the NHSN system aim to expand beyond currently covered areas and facilities?
Data collection modules
What does the medication-associated module of the NHSN system maintain?
Antibiotic prescription monitoring
What is a key focus of microlevel health care quality improvement?
Clinical effectiveness monitoring
What is the primary purpose of open APIs in the context of healthcare information exchange?
To enable payers to access information without having to access one record at a time
What is the main goal of the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) developed by the CDC?
To create a common interface for data exchange and integration
What is a major challenge faced by patients in accessing their own health information?
Lack of data standardization and consent rules
What is the proposed solution for advancing healthcare through modern computing tools?
Easy and secure access to medical data for patients through devices like smartphones
What is the role of the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) in addressing healthcare barriers?
To develop new capabilities and reduce administrative burden
What is the primary focus of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)?
Optimizing health system performance
Which organization developed the Triple Aim framework for optimizing health system performance?
Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)
'Freedom from accidental injury' is a definition attributed to which method in the patient safety movement?
'To Err Is Human' report by Institute of Medicine (IOM)
What is the main objective of the Cochrane Collaboration?
Producing evidence that improves healthcare quality through systematic reviews
What legal status does NQF endorsement confer on hospital performance measures and standards?
It confers special legal status
What was the pioneering effort that led to the acceptance of infection control guidelines in hospitals?
'To Err Is Human' report by Institute of Medicine (IOM)
Study Notes
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National Quality Forum (NQF) endorses quality measures and patient safety practices for use by Medicare, Medicaid, and other federally funded health care programs
-
NQF issues reports on quality measures and makes data publicly available to enable performance-based decisions, create incentives for improvement, and stimulate health care improvement
-
The Leapfrog Group is a nonprofit organization that aims to improve health care safety, quality, and affordability by using transparency to support informed decisions and promote high-value care
-
Leapfrog was founded by the Business Roundtable and has a mission to trigger giant leaps forward in U.S. health care
-
Leapfrog's programs include the Leapfrog Hospital Survey, Hospital Safety Grade, Value-Based Purchasing Program, and Ambulatory Surgery Center Survey
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Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) is a nonprofit organization with a mission to improve health and health care worldwide
-
IHI developed the Triple Aim framework for optimizing health system performance and has an associated improvement process
-
IHI has run several initiatives such as the 100,000 Lives Campaign and 5 Million Lives Campaign to improve health care quality
-
Cochrane Collaboration is a nonprofit organization dedicated to producing evidence that improves health care quality through systematic reviews and other synthesized research evidence
-
Cochrane Collaboration's mission is to promote evidence-informed health decision-making.
-
The Cochrane Collaboration, with reviews in 43 countries, has over 7,500 Systematic Reviews in the Cochrane Library.
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The organization translates plain-language summaries into 14 languages to make evidence accessible.
-
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is a nonprofit corporation, funded by the U.S. Treasury, CMS trust funds, and a fee assessed on private insurance.
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PCORI's mission is to help people make informed healthcare decisions and improve healthcare delivery and outcomes by producing and promoting high-integrity, evidence-based information.
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The organization's 21-member governing board has diverse expertise in clinical health sciences research.
-
Healthcare professional associations, such as the American Medical Association, American Hospital Association, and American Nurses Association, contribute to quality improvement through clinical practice guidelines and quality of care standards.
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In the U.S., it's estimated that 440,000 people die annually from hospital errors, injuries, accidents, and infections.
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The patient safety movement, which emerged in the 1990s, aimed to reduce errors, injuries, and infections in healthcare settings using industrial quality-improvement practices.
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W. Edwards Deming's Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Total Quality Management (TQM) methods influenced the patient safety movement, which has been defined as "freedom from accidental injury" (IOM, 2000).
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Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are a significant concern and the target of prevention efforts, with an estimated 1 in 25 hospital patients developing a preventable infection each year.
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The Institute of Medicine's (IOM) report, "To Err Is Human" (2000), brought patient safety to national attention by revealing the prevalence of medical errors and advocating for the application of industrial quality-improvement practices in healthcare settings.
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The text discusses the progress made in reducing Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) since the 1970s and the challenges that remain.
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Since the SENIC study, CDC and collaborators have implemented prevention and control initiatives, leading to more oversight, public reporting, and consumer comparison of HAI rates.
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Full implementation of infection-control guidelines can lead to almost zero HAI rates in hospitals, but this is challenging due to competing priorities, declining budgets, and cultural resistance.
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Hospitals that have successfully reduced HAIs have implemented quality improvement methods and shown institutional will.
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An estimated 65-70% of CABSI and CAUTI, 55% of VAP, and 55% of SSI cases may be preventable with current evidence-based strategies.
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The distribution of quality healthcare is a concern for equity, with socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, and geographic location historically associated with poorer access and quality.
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Prior to the Affordable Care Act, lower-income individuals, racial and ethnic minorities, and those living in rural areas or inner cities were disproportionately affected by inequities in healthcare access and quality.
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Disparities in healthcare quality were observed, including fewer preventive services for people with lower socioeconomic status.
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New technologies and clinical breakthroughs will improve infection control guidelines and increase the proportion of HAIs that are considered preventable.
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CDC provides training and resources to help hospitals implement infection control practices.
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The Affordable Care Act aims to address equity in healthcare by expanding access to care, improving coverage, and improving the quality of care for all Americans.
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Health IT adoption is widespread, but access to electronic health data is not always productive for patients, providers, and payers.
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Patients face challenges in accessing their own health information, limiting their ability to manage their health and compare prices of medical services.
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Health care providers often lack access to patient data at the point of care, hindering effective care coordination.
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Payers lack computational visibility into their members' health data, making it difficult to assess the value of the services they purchase.
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Lack of data standardization and consent rules hinder the sharing of medical data across providers and systems.
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In order to advance healthcare through modern computing tools, patients need easy and secure access to their medical data through devices like smartphones.
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Payers need access to multiple health records to effectively represent their members and make data-driven decisions.
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Interoperability barriers, including technical, financial, trust, and business practice barriers, hinder the exchange of health information across the care continuum.
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The ONC plans to address these barriers by providing certified health IT upgrades, developing new capabilities, encouraging data sharing, and reducing administrative burden.
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Open APIs are a proposed solution for improving access and exchange of health information through devices and enabling payers to access information without having to access one record at a time.
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The National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is an example of a data sharing platform developed by the CDC to promote patient safety and support local efforts to prevent adverse events by creating a common interface for data exchange and integration.
Test your knowledge on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and their impact on patient care. Learn about the causes, prevention, and management of these infections acquired in healthcare facilities.
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