Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is part of biomedical research?
Which of the following is part of biomedical research?
- Ministry collaboration
- Social rules
- Biological events (correct)
- Cultural factors
What concept describes the feeling of not being healthy?
What concept describes the feeling of not being healthy?
- Illness (correct)
- Disease
- Pathogenicity
- Sickness
Which of the following factors is NOT considered in the sociological concept of disease?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered in the sociological concept of disease?
- Political factors
- Cultural factors
- Genetic predisposition (correct)
- Biological factors
What is the main goal of intersectoral research in health services?
What is the main goal of intersectoral research in health services?
What constitutes sickness in a community context?
What constitutes sickness in a community context?
What is the target for Goal 3.1 by 2030?
What is the target for Goal 3.1 by 2030?
Which of the following is a target for Goal 3.2 by 2030?
Which of the following is a target for Goal 3.2 by 2030?
Which of these diseases is addressed in Goal 3.3?
Which of these diseases is addressed in Goal 3.3?
What is the focus of Goal 3.4 regarding health by 2030?
What is the focus of Goal 3.4 regarding health by 2030?
What is not a goal listed under Goal #3?
What is not a goal listed under Goal #3?
What is one of the key responsibilities for health at the individual level?
What is one of the key responsibilities for health at the individual level?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of healthcare in a country?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of healthcare in a country?
What level of health care primarily focuses on basic health care and disease prevention?
What level of health care primarily focuses on basic health care and disease prevention?
Which conference is associated with the goal of 'health for all' by 2000 AD?
Which conference is associated with the goal of 'health for all' by 2000 AD?
What type of health care facility is typically found at the tertiary level?
What type of health care facility is typically found at the tertiary level?
What is the definition of health according to WHO in 1948?
What is the definition of health according to WHO in 1948?
Which concept encompasses all aspects of health, including physical, mental, and social well-being?
Which concept encompasses all aspects of health, including physical, mental, and social well-being?
Which is NOT considered a dimension of health?
Which is NOT considered a dimension of health?
Which of the following is a factor of the 'standard of living'?
Which of the following is a factor of the 'standard of living'?
Which of the following dimensions is NOT explicitly mentioned in the content?
Which of the following dimensions is NOT explicitly mentioned in the content?
Which of the following describes positive health?
Which of the following describes positive health?
Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health?
Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health?
What article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights focuses on the right to health?
What article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights focuses on the right to health?
Which of the following refers to severe forms of negative health?
Which of the following refers to severe forms of negative health?
Which determinant of health includes concepts like gender and equity?
Which determinant of health includes concepts like gender and equity?
What is one of the main elements of health promotion under the Ottawa Charter?
What is one of the main elements of health promotion under the Ottawa Charter?
Which goal is specifically health-related among the Sustainable Development Goals?
Which goal is specifically health-related among the Sustainable Development Goals?
When were the Millennium Development Goals formulated?
When were the Millennium Development Goals formulated?
What action is associated with the 'Create Supportive Environments' wing of the Ottawa Charter?
What action is associated with the 'Create Supportive Environments' wing of the Ottawa Charter?
What is the total number of Sustainable Development Goals?
What is the total number of Sustainable Development Goals?
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of health promotion under the Ottawa Charter?
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of health promotion under the Ottawa Charter?
What does 'Enable' refer to in the context of the Ottawa Charter's policies?
What does 'Enable' refer to in the context of the Ottawa Charter's policies?
What significant shift occurred with the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals?
What significant shift occurred with the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals?
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Study Notes
Health Services Research
- Biomedical Research focuses on biological events, prevention, control, and treatment improvement.
- Intersectoral Research enhances health by involving multiple sectors such as health, welfare, and finance.
Concept of Disease
- Ecological Concept: Disease arises from a discordant relationship with the environment.
- Sociological Concept: Disease is influenced by cultural, political, environmental, and biological factors.
Definitions
- Disease: A biological abnormality that can be diagnosed and tested.
- Illness: The subjective feeling of poor health.
- Sickness: A social construct indicating failure to fulfill social roles, such as absenteeism due to illness.
Responsibility for Health
- Individual Responsibility: Personal accountability for health.
- Community Responsibility: Collective actions for health benefits.
- State Responsibility: Government's role in healthcare provision.
- International Responsibility: Global health facilities and initiatives.
Healthcare Features of a Country
- Appropriateness: Suitability of services for needs.
- Comprehensiveness: Range of services provided.
- Adequacy: Sufficiency of services.
- Availability: Services must be present when needed.
- Accessibility: Ease of obtaining services.
- Affordability: Cost implications for individuals.
- Feasibility: Practicality in delivering services.
Levels of Health Care
- Primary Care: Basic health services, prevention, health promotion (e.g., primary health centres).
- Secondary Care: Specialized diagnostic and treatment services (e.g., nursing homes).
- Tertiary Care: Advanced management and rehabilitation, including multispecialty hospitals.
International Health Care System
- Health for All by 2000: Achieved through the Alma Ata conference.
- Health Promotion: Guided by documents like the Ottawa Charter and Jakarta Declaration.
Health Promotion Goals
- Goal 3 aims to reduce maternal and child mortality by 2030.
- Five Elements of Health Promotion: Focus on policy building, supportive environments, community action, personal skill development, and re-orienting health services.
Changing Concepts of Health
- Biomedical Concept: Focus on disease as a biological dysfunction.
- Ecological: Emphasizes balance with the environment.
- Mental Stability: Intersection of mental and physical health.
- Holistic Concept: Incorporates all previous definitions for a broad understanding.
Dimensions of Health
- Physical, Mental, Social, Spiritual, Emotional, Vocational: Various facets contributing to overall health.
Concept of Well-being
- Standard of Living: Income, assets, occupation, socioeconomic status.
- Level of Living: Health status, food security, education, occupation, space for activities.
Spectrum of Health
- Positive Health: Characterized by absence of sickness and better health.
- Negative Health: Includes unrecognized illness, mild to severe sickness, and death.
Determinants of Health
- Individual Level: Socio-cultural factors, aging, technology.
- Community Level: Gender, equity, family dynamics.
- Society Level: Biological, behavioral, human rights, environmental factors, socioeconomic status, healthcare systems.
Right to Health
- Key Articles: Outlined in various human rights declarations, emphasizing universal access, elimination of discrimination, and rights of women and children.
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