Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was a major recommendation of the Bhore Committee regarding health coverage?
What was a major recommendation of the Bhore Committee regarding health coverage?
- Establish a one-tier health system.
- Eliminate maternal and child health programs.
- Implement universal health coverage. (correct)
- Focus solely on curative services.
Which of the following was NOT a focus of the Shrivastava Committee?
Which of the following was NOT a focus of the Shrivastava Committee?
- Family planning services
- Community participation
- Introduction of a Referral system
- Development of tertiary care facilities (correct)
In the Kartar Singh Committee’s recommendations, how many people were suggested to be served by each Primary Health Centre in rural areas?
In the Kartar Singh Committee’s recommendations, how many people were suggested to be served by each Primary Health Centre in rural areas?
- 30,000
- 40,000
- 50,000 (correct)
- 20,000
Which aspect was emphasized by the Mudaliar Committee?
Which aspect was emphasized by the Mudaliar Committee?
What is the first step in the evaluation of health services as recommended?
What is the first step in the evaluation of health services as recommended?
After collecting data in health service evaluation, which step is taken next?
After collecting data in health service evaluation, which step is taken next?
A key recommendation for health services by the Bhore Committee included training for which group of professionals?
A key recommendation for health services by the Bhore Committee included training for which group of professionals?
What role do Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) play according to the recommendations of the Shrivastava Committee?
What role do Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) play according to the recommendations of the Shrivastava Committee?
Flashcards
Bhore Committee Recommendations (1943)
Bhore Committee Recommendations (1943)
A three-tier system with Primary health units for 10,000-20,000 people, Secondary units at the district level, and Tertiary units for specialists. It emphasized universal health coverage.
Shrivastava Committee Recommendations (1975)
Shrivastava Committee Recommendations (1975)
A committee that focused on reorganizing healthcare infrastructure, creating new Primary Health Care Workers (PHWs), and introducing a Referral system.
Kartar Singh Committee Recommendations (1973)
Kartar Singh Committee Recommendations (1973)
A committee that suggested health teams led by a medical officer at the PHC level, with one PHC for every 50,000 people in rural areas.
Mudaliar Committee Recommendations (1962)
Mudaliar Committee Recommendations (1962)
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Evaluation of Health Services
Evaluation of Health Services
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Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
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Study Notes
Health Service Committees and Evaluation Methods
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Bhore Committee (1943): Advocated for universal health coverage and a three-tier health system (primary health units [covering 10,000–20,000 people], secondary units [district hospitals], tertiary units [specialist hospitals]). They recommended integrating preventive and curative services, training health workers, establishing medical colleges, prioritizing maternal and child health, and ensuring free access to care.
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Shrivastava Committee (1975): Prioritized reorganizing the health infrastructure by strengthening Primary Health Centres (PHCs), creating a new cadre of Primary Health Care Workers (PHWs), introducing a referral system, involving communities through Community Health Volunteers (CHVs), and focusing on training healthcare workers, particularly emphasizing family planning services.
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Kartar Singh Committee (1973): Proposed health teams at PHC level (led by a medical officer), a PHC per 50,000 rural population, and multi-purpose male and female health workers (MPHWs) for improved outreach. They also suggested Health Supervisory Units to oversee multiple PHCs and better training for auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) and MPHWs.
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Mudaliar Committee (1962): Recommended expanding PHCs to serve 40,000 people, enhancing district hospitals and training facilities, establishing regional health organizations, maintaining adequate doctor-patient ratios, and prioritizing disease control programs (e.g., malaria eradication, tuberculosis control) and postgraduate medical education.
Evaluating Health Services
- Steps in Evaluation: A structured approach includes defining objectives, developing measurable indicators (like morbidity and mortality rates), collecting data through surveys, records, or reports, analyzing outcomes, interpreting results to identify gaps, and suggesting improvements.
Cost-Benefit Analysis vs. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
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Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA): Quantifies costs and benefits in monetary terms using a net benefit or benefit-cost ratio for decision-making. Suitable for prioritizing programs with high economic returns.
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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA): Compares costs to achieving health outcomes, using cost per unit (e.g., ₹ per Disability-Adjusted Life Year [DALY]) to select the most effective option for a given budget. Useful in comparing treatment effectiveness with a specific budget in mind.
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