Health Screening Guidelines Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended age to begin annual mammography screening according to the guidelines?

Beginning at age 30

Beginning at age 60

From ages 40 to 44 (correct)

From ages 45 to 54

Which of the following is NOT included in the recommended screenings for cervical cancer?

Sexual Activity (correct)

Vaginal discharge

Acute pelvic pain

Past History

Which one of the following aspects is considered a 'teaching moment' for patient-centered care?

Evaluating mental health

Assessing sleep patterns

Discussing dietary changes

Reviewing self-breast examination techniques (correct)

Which of the following statements best describes the HPV vaccination's purpose within health promotion?

It prepares for possible sexual activity and prevents STIs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested screening frequency for women aged over 55 years old for mammography?

Biennial screening or continuation of annual screening Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arterial pulse is characterized as weak and difficult to detect?

Thready pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended age to begin screening for colorectal cancer with a colonoscopy?

Age 50 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a known risk factor for prostate cancer?

Increasing age Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the FIT test in health screenings?

To screen for colorectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What should be done during a Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) during the examination process?

Check for changes monthly Signup and view all the answers

What type of rectal condition is characterized by the presence of swollen veins in the rectum?

Hemorrhoids Signup and view all the answers

Which inherited mutations are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would NOT typically indicate a condition that warrants assessment of bowel habits?

Consistent bowel patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vascular smooth muscle in arteries?

To regulate blood flow by changing the diameter of arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions indicates a potential arterial insufficiency?

Deep muscle pain and claudication Signup and view all the answers

What observation is characteristic of normal capillary refill time?

Less than 2 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an important difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a gradual thickening of the artery walls, whereas arteriosclerosis is a related but distinct process. Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is indicative of venous insufficiency?

Coarse thickened skin and pruritis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for both arterial and venous insufficiency?

Advanced age Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests is most reliable for assessing venous competency?

Trendelenburg Test Signup and view all the answers

What does a pronated position during an assessment help to evaluate?

The presence of clubbing in the fingers Signup and view all the answers

In assessing for DVT, which symptom would be most concerning?

Swelling and tenderness in the calf Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the underlying cause of dependent rubor?

Arterial insufficiency leading to altered blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What does D-dimer testing indicate in relation to DVT?

It rules out DVT if levels are low. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical change occurs in aging adults that increases the risk of venous thrombosis?

Progressive enlargement of intramuscular calf veins Signup and view all the answers

How is pitting edema graded in a clinical setting?

Based on the degree of indentation and time to resolve Signup and view all the answers

What significance does a profile sign have during an assessment?

It helps to detect early clubbing. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Peripheral Vascular & Lymphatic Assessment

Peripheral vascular and lymphatic assessment is a crucial part of patient evaluation
Assessment involves both the vascular and lymphatic systems
Assessment encompasses both subjective and objective data collection

Vascular System and Lymphatics

High hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of capillaries into interstitial space
High oncotic pressure draws fluid back into capillaries from plasma proteins
Lymph vessels collect excess interstitial fluid and return it to the circulatory system

Structure and Function of Arteries

Arteries pump freshly oxygenated blood throughout the body
They have high pressure due to pumping heart
Artery walls strong, tough, and tense to withstand pressure demands
Contain elastic fibers for stretching during systole and recoiling in diastole
Contain vascular smooth muscle (VSM) which controls blood delivery to tissues by altering artery diameter
VSM alters artery diameter to control blood flow rate

Arteries in the Arm

Pulse sites located along various arteries like radial, ulnar, brachial
Deep and superficial palmar arches located in hand

Vessels in the Leg

Major arteries and veins include aorta, common iliac, external iliac, femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
Pulse sites located in different leg areas
Venous system including great saphenous and small saphenous veins

Venous Flow

Venous flow aided by inspiration, skeletal muscle contraction and intraluminal valves that prevent backflow
Inspiration creates pressure difference, helping venous return
Skeletal muscle contraction compresses veins, promoting venous flow
Intraluminal valves prevent backward movement of blood

Lymphatic Ducts and Drainage Patterns

Lymphatic ducts and nodes are part of the immune system
Nodes filter lymph fluid
Lymph originates in interstitial space
Lymphatic drainage patterns differ regionally based on location
Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct drain lymph into venous circulation
Lymph nodes involved in filtering lymph fluid

Tonsils, thymus, spleen, Peyer's patches and bone marrow part of the immune system
These organs help fight infection and disease
Lymph nodes scattered throughout the body filter lymph

Aging Adult

Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are common issues
Systolic blood pressure often increases
Intra muscular calf veins enlarge
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism are risks

Subjective Data

Subjective data includes patient reported symptoms
Symptoms may be pain, cramps, skin changes, swelling, lymph node enlargement, smoking history, medications and history of breast changes

Objective Data

Objective data involves physical examination
Inspect and palpate arms, noting color, temperature, texture, lesions, edema, and clubbing of nails
Measure normal nail bed angle (160 degrees)
Assess capillary refill time (less than 2 seconds)
Check skin temperature, symmetry and condition

Allen Test

Allen test assesses for proper blood supply to the hand (radial and ulnar arteries)
Clinician compresses radial and ulnar arteries, observes blood return through the other artery
A normal test indicates good circulation

Objective Data (Legs)

Uncover legs, observe for changes like skin discoloration, ulcers, or gangrene
Note size and location of abnormalities
Assess leg temperature; compare symmetric spots
Compression of gastrocnemius muscle for tenderness
Palpate for femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses for proper blood flow

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Assessment

Evaluation method used to determine probability of DVT
Score determined by specific symptoms like active cancer, bedridden recentl, surgery or calf swelling, etc.

Pulse Grading Scale

Pulse grading scale ranges from 0 to 3+
0 is absent pulse, 1+ is weak, 2+ is normal, 3+ is full bounding

Objective Data (cont.)

Check for pretibial edema and grade it
Mild pitting, slight indentation
Moderate pitting, rapid subsidence of indentation
Deep pitting, lasting indentation and swelling of the leg
Very deep pitting, prolonged indentation and severe leg swelling

Manual Compression Test

Manual compression assessing venous competence

Trendelenburg Test

Trendelenburg Test assesses venous valves, evaluating competence.

Objective Data (Peripheral Artery Disease)

Assess for color changes and time for superficial veins to fill
Unreliable assessment if venous disease coexists
Test lower legs for strength and sensation

Using a Doppler to Measure Blood Flow

Doppler ultrasound used to measure blood flow through arteries and veins

Arterial Insufficiency

Symptoms include deep muscle pain, claudication, rest pain, dependent rubor, decreased pulses, skin changes, pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and poikilothermia leading to paralysis
Causes include atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis

Arterial Risk Factors

Age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, elevated lipid levels, male gender, obesity, high fat diet, heavy alcohol use, coagulation abnormalities, and physical inactivity

Venous Insufficiency

Symptoms include ache, worsens with prolonged standing/sitting, brawny edema, coarse thickened skin, dermatitis, and pruritis

Venous Risk Factors

Pregnancy, prolonged sitting/standing, limited physical activity, age, obesity, and use of constricting clothing

Arterial vs Venous Lesions

Arterial ulcers appear on toes, top of feet, or lateral ankle, and have minimal drainage, little granulation tissue, and deep "punched-out" appearance with distinct margins
Venous ulcers appear on medial lower legs or medial ankle and are usually swollen with drainage, present granulation tissue and have shallow, irregular edges

Abnormal Findings (Arterial Pulses)

Weak or "thready" pulses, full or bounding pulses, and pulsus paradoxus

Sample Charting (Subjective)

Patient reports no leg pain, skin changes, or swelling, no history of heart/vascular problems, diabetes, or obesity, and no smoking or medications.

Sample Charting (Objective)

Patient extremities display pink-tan coloring, without redness, cyanosis, or lesions. Extremities are symmetrical without edema or atrophy. Palpation indicates warm bilateral temperature. All pulses palpated bilaterally are 2+ in strength. No lymph node enlargement is present.

Male and Female Genitourinary Systems

Focuses on health promotion for these systems

Subjective Data(Genitourinary)

Includes detailed questions about usual bowel routine and changes, blood in stool, use of medications and rectal conditions
In addition, patient's family history and recent medical examinations form part of the data.

Health Promotion (Males)

Teaching on prostate cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) and HPV
Early screening tests (PSA, FIT, fecal immunochemical test, and colonoscopy) and HPV vaccination

Culture and Genetics (Prostate Cancer)

Prostate cancer is frequently diagnosed in men.
Risk factors including increasing age, African ancestry, family and genetic history, and mutation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
Ethnic and geographic variations seen in terms of occurrence.

Self-Care (Testicular Self-Examination)

Timing (once monthly), showering for warming the scrotal area, examination, noting any changes and reporting needed

Subjective Data (Female)

Detailed information on menstrual and obstetric history (gravida, para, abortions, and menopause).
Questions about screening for cervical cancer, acute pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, vaginal discharge, and sexual health.

Subjective Data Questions (Patient-Centered Care)

Questions on self-breast examination (SBE), review of screening guidelines based on age, and patient's medical history.
Referral to organizations like American Cancer Society for mammography recommendations.

Regional Lymphatics

Drainage patterns for lymphatic system are regional, with different parts of the body having different lymphatic flow patterns.

Teaching Breast Self-Examination (BSE)

Instructions on how to perform BSE, including lying down, and sitting up positions, and directional patterns to examine breast tissue

Health Promotion (Females)

Discusses HPV vaccination, preparation for sexual activity, prevention of STIs and unintended pregnancies, and information on sexual identity, use of alcohol and drugs, physical safety in family and sexual relationships, along with awareness/prevention of cyberbullying.

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Description

Test your knowledge on health screening guidelines, including mammography, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer screenings. This quiz also covers aspects of patient-centered care and critical health assessments. Perfect for healthcare students and professionals.