Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the negative consequences of moralising eating behaviour?
What is one of the negative consequences of moralising eating behaviour?
- Improves the health of individuals in low-status groups
- Reduces the stigmatization of body shapes that deviate from the thin ideal
- Increases acceptance of diverse body types
- Exacerbates the low status position of obese people (correct)
What is a common misconception fostered by successful weight loss stories in media?
What is a common misconception fostered by successful weight loss stories in media?
- Healthy behaviors are the only means to achieve weight loss
- Weight is controllable and transitioning to a high-status thin group is achievable (correct)
- Most dieters experience long-term weight loss success
- Obesity is a complex condition influenced by numerous factors
What approach does the 'Health at Every Size' movement promote?
What approach does the 'Health at Every Size' movement promote?
- Advocating for strict dieting to achieve health
- Telling individuals that weight loss is essential for health
- Supporting body acceptance to build confidence and improve health (correct)
- Encouraging individuals to conform to societal beauty standards
Which statement best reflects the findings about dieting from research?
Which statement best reflects the findings about dieting from research?
How are overweight individuals often perceived according to cultural standards?
How are overweight individuals often perceived according to cultural standards?
Which model of health emphasizes the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors?
Which model of health emphasizes the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors?
According to the WHO, what constitutes health?
According to the WHO, what constitutes health?
What influence did Hippocrates have on early beliefs about health?
What influence did Hippocrates have on early beliefs about health?
Which philosopher argued that the mind and body were separate entities?
Which philosopher argued that the mind and body were separate entities?
Which advancement in the 18th and 19th centuries significantly changed medical practices?
Which advancement in the 18th and 19th centuries significantly changed medical practices?
Which perspective considers changes in health behaviors over a person's lifespan?
Which perspective considers changes in health behaviors over a person's lifespan?
What does health behavior involve?
What does health behavior involve?
What was the primary health model that emerged after the rejection of the humor theory?
What was the primary health model that emerged after the rejection of the humor theory?
What aspect does perceived behavioural control refer to in the theory of planned behaviour?
What aspect does perceived behavioural control refer to in the theory of planned behaviour?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the Stages of Change model?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the Stages of Change model?
What is a significant contributing factor to dietary excesses in many populations?
What is a significant contributing factor to dietary excesses in many populations?
Which component of the Health Belief Model addresses the perceived risks of a health problem?
Which component of the Health Belief Model addresses the perceived risks of a health problem?
The theory of planned behaviour suggests that intention can predict which of the following?
The theory of planned behaviour suggests that intention can predict which of the following?
What is an example of sick-role behaviour?
What is an example of sick-role behaviour?
What factor is a key determinant of health behaviours and affects food preferences?
What factor is a key determinant of health behaviours and affects food preferences?
Which eating behavior involves consuming excessive amounts of energy-dense foods?
Which eating behavior involves consuming excessive amounts of energy-dense foods?
What is the termination stage in the Stages of Change model characterized by?
What is the termination stage in the Stages of Change model characterized by?
How do anti-drug campaigns often attempt to influence behaviour change?
How do anti-drug campaigns often attempt to influence behaviour change?
Which of the following describes how cultural differences can affect health behaviours?
Which of the following describes how cultural differences can affect health behaviours?
Which psychological factor can influence a person's eating habits?
Which psychological factor can influence a person's eating habits?
What is one major consequence of unhealthy eating patterns?
What is one major consequence of unhealthy eating patterns?
Which characteristic is commonly associated with binge eating disorder?
Which characteristic is commonly associated with binge eating disorder?
What demographic group is at particular risk of under-eating pathologies?
What demographic group is at particular risk of under-eating pathologies?
Which ethnic group showed significantly higher thin-ideal internalization compared to others in the study?
Which ethnic group showed significantly higher thin-ideal internalization compared to others in the study?
What percentage of individuals experiencing eating disorders are men?
What percentage of individuals experiencing eating disorders are men?
Which country has the highest reported prevalence of obesity according to the content?
Which country has the highest reported prevalence of obesity according to the content?
In the study on ethnic differences in eating behavior, what shared risk factor was identified for the development of eating disorders?
In the study on ethnic differences in eating behavior, what shared risk factor was identified for the development of eating disorders?
Which psychiatric characteristics are associated with unhealthy under-eating behavior?
Which psychiatric characteristics are associated with unhealthy under-eating behavior?
What is identified as a key biological factor related to obesity and other eating disorders?
What is identified as a key biological factor related to obesity and other eating disorders?
Which of these eating disorders typically presents characteristics from both under-eating and over-eating?
Which of these eating disorders typically presents characteristics from both under-eating and over-eating?
What commonality was found across ethnic groups regarding risk factors for eating disorders?
What commonality was found across ethnic groups regarding risk factors for eating disorders?
What major limitation is associated with the social cognitive models in understanding eating behavior?
What major limitation is associated with the social cognitive models in understanding eating behavior?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a risk factor for over-eating pathology?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a risk factor for over-eating pathology?
What effect does cultural identity have on eating disorders among individuals?
What effect does cultural identity have on eating disorders among individuals?
How do social cognitive models view the cause of unhealthy eating behaviors?
How do social cognitive models view the cause of unhealthy eating behaviors?
What impact does Westernization have on ethnic groups in relation to eating disorders?
What impact does Westernization have on ethnic groups in relation to eating disorders?
What is a primary factor contributing to overeating in modern environments?
What is a primary factor contributing to overeating in modern environments?
Which of the following statements is true regarding cultural ideals of beauty?
Which of the following statements is true regarding cultural ideals of beauty?
What does the socio-cultural model of unhealthy eating behavior emphasize?
What does the socio-cultural model of unhealthy eating behavior emphasize?
What role does self-determination play in relation to societal standards?
What role does self-determination play in relation to societal standards?
What is one of the limitations of biological risk factors in obesity research?
What is one of the limitations of biological risk factors in obesity research?
What outcome is associated with body dissatisfaction in children after exposure to certain media?
What outcome is associated with body dissatisfaction in children after exposure to certain media?
In the context of eating behaviors, what does the Interactionist Model account for?
In the context of eating behaviors, what does the Interactionist Model account for?
Which aspect does the Social Identity approach to eating behavior integrate?
Which aspect does the Social Identity approach to eating behavior integrate?
What is a common misconception about dieting effectiveness?
What is a common misconception about dieting effectiveness?
What common attributes do socio-cultural explanations for unhealthy eating behaviors identify?
What common attributes do socio-cultural explanations for unhealthy eating behaviors identify?
How do environmental factors like car ownership impact physical activity levels?
How do environmental factors like car ownership impact physical activity levels?
What key factor contributes to the tendency for over-consumption in food-rich environments?
What key factor contributes to the tendency for over-consumption in food-rich environments?
Which approach suggests that eating behavior is a reflection of identity?
Which approach suggests that eating behavior is a reflection of identity?
What has research concluded about the influence of social norms on eating behavior?
What has research concluded about the influence of social norms on eating behavior?
Flashcards
WHO's definition of health
WHO's definition of health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity. It emphasizes a holistic view of health.
Biopsychosocial model
Biopsychosocial model
Views health as a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. It considers the whole person and their environment.
Lifespan approach to health
Lifespan approach to health
Recognizes that health and health behaviors change throughout the lifespan, from childhood to old age.
What is health behavior?
What is health behavior?
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Humoral theory of illness
Humoral theory of illness
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Biomedical model of illness
Biomedical model of illness
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Ancient Greek beliefs about mind-body connection
Ancient Greek beliefs about mind-body connection
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Mind's role in health
Mind's role in health
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Eating Disorder Prevalence
Eating Disorder Prevalence
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Demographic Differences
Demographic Differences
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Gender Disparity in Eating Disorders
Gender Disparity in Eating Disorders
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Thin-Ideal Internalization
Thin-Ideal Internalization
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BMI and Ethnicity
BMI and Ethnicity
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Genetic Basis of Eating Disorders
Genetic Basis of Eating Disorders
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Hormones and Obesity
Hormones and Obesity
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Neuroendocrine Function and Anorexia
Neuroendocrine Function and Anorexia
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Individual Differences Model
Individual Differences Model
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Perfectionism and Eating Disorders
Perfectionism and Eating Disorders
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Impulsivity and Over-eating
Impulsivity and Over-eating
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Emotional Dysregulation and Over-eating
Emotional Dysregulation and Over-eating
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Social Cognitive Models of Eating
Social Cognitive Models of Eating
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Theory of Planned Behavior
Theory of Planned Behavior
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Health Belief Model
Health Belief Model
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Health Behaviours
Health Behaviours
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Sick-Role Behaviour
Sick-Role Behaviour
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Cultural Differences in Health
Cultural Differences in Health
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Determinants of Health Behaviours
Determinants of Health Behaviours
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Perception and Cognition
Perception and Cognition
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Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
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Personal Attitudes
Personal Attitudes
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Subjective Norms
Subjective Norms
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Perceived Behavioural Control
Perceived Behavioural Control
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Health Belief Model (HBM)
Health Belief Model (HBM)
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Stages of Change
Stages of Change
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Precontemplation Stage
Precontemplation Stage
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Contemplation Stage
Contemplation Stage
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Preparation Stage
Preparation Stage
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Action Stage
Action Stage
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Group-based stigma
Group-based stigma
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Moralisation of eating behaviour
Moralisation of eating behaviour
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Weight stigma
Weight stigma
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Individual mobility strategy
Individual mobility strategy
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Health at Every Size (HAES)
Health at Every Size (HAES)
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Obesogenic Environment
Obesogenic Environment
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Evolutionary Perspective on Eating
Evolutionary Perspective on Eating
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Cultural Ideals of Beauty
Cultural Ideals of Beauty
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Unrealistic Body Ideals
Unrealistic Body Ideals
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Socio-cultural Explanations for Eating Disorders
Socio-cultural Explanations for Eating Disorders
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Interactionist Model of Eating
Interactionist Model of Eating
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Protective Factors for Eating Disorders
Protective Factors for Eating Disorders
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Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
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Social Identity Approach to Eating
Social Identity Approach to Eating
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Contextual Information and Eating
Contextual Information and Eating
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Interactive Impact of Social Identification and Norms
Interactive Impact of Social Identification and Norms
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Social Influence on Eating Behavior
Social Influence on Eating Behavior
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Biological Factors and Obesity
Biological Factors and Obesity
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Social Context and Eating Behaviors
Social Context and Eating Behaviors
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Study Notes
Defining Health
- World Health Organization (WHO) definition: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
- Health psychology, a complex field, aims to promote health, aid adaptation to health problems, and support treatment/rehabilitation.
- The biopsychosocial model is central in health psychology, considering various factors including body, mind, and social influences.
- A lifespan approach examines health and behavior development over time.
Historical Perspectives on Illness and the Body-Mind Connection
- Ancient Greek philosophers (500-300 BC) first documented the connection between body, mind, and illness.
- Hippocrates proposed the humoral theory, suggesting illness results from imbalances in bodily fluids (humors).
- Plato viewed mind and body as separate entities, a dominant perspective for centuries.
- Galen (2nd century) understood illness as localized and tied to different diseases having varying effects.
- Descartes posited the body as a machine, with the mind communicating via the pineal gland.
The Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models
- The biomedical model asserts that all illness stems from injury, biochemical imbalances, or infectious agents (bacteria/viruses). This perspective challenged the humoral theory but acknowledged the influence of the mind.
- The biopsychosocial model recognizes the influence of biological, psychological, and social factors on health.
Health Behaviors
- Health behaviors are activities maintaining or improving health.
- Well behaviors: exercise, healthy eating, checkups, vaccinations.
- Sick behaviors: treatment, rest, seeking assistance, adjustment to health problem.
- Cultural differences affect interpretations of well/sick behaviors.
Theories of Health Behavior Change
- Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): Aims to predict intent based on personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control.
- Health Belief Model (HBM): Explains health behavior based on perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action.
- Stages of Change (Transtheoretical Model): Outlines a cyclical process of behavior change with stages including precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.
Eating Behaviors
- Eating behavior is influenced by various biopsychosocial factors including genetics, environment, and personal experiences.
- Dietary excesses and deficiencies are common problems, with overeating often associated with obesity, and under-eating with eating disorders.
- There are demographic variations in eating behavior (e.g. gender, age, ethnicity, nationality); factors include thin-ideal internalization and BMI.
- Genetic makeup, metabolism, specific genes, and neuroendocrine function like serotonin can influence eating behaviors.
Models Explaining Eating Behaviors
- Individual Differences Model: Examines personality traits like perfectionism, need for control, and low self-esteem in relation to eating behaviors.
- Social Cognitive Models: Focuses on cognitive factors such as beliefs, attitudes, and perceived control in behavior change.
- Criticism of these models: focus on individual responsibility, while ignoring external influences.
- Sociocultural Models: Emphasizes the role of culture, environment, and social norms in eating patterns. Obesogenic environments and the thin ideal are highlighted.
- Interactionist Model: Combines individual factors with environmental cues to understand the complex interplay shaping behavior.
- Social Identity Approach: Eating behaviors are viewed as reflections of identities and social norms, shaped by social and cultural contexts. Group-based stigma and discrimination can affect eating behaviors.
Summary of Eating Behavior Models
- Individual differences, social cognitive, and sociocultural models provide insights into eating behaviors.
- Interactionist models offer a nuanced perspective, emphasizing the interplay between individual characteristics and environmental influences.
- Social identity approaches acknowledge how social contexts, norms, and identities influence eating patterns.
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Description
Explore key concepts in health psychology, including definitions of health by the WHO, the biopsychosocial model, and historical perspectives on the body-mind connection. This quiz will enhance your understanding of how physical, mental, and social factors contribute to overall well-being and the evolution of theories in the field.
