Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the ultimate goal of advocacy by community health nurses?
What is the ultimate goal of advocacy by community health nurses?
Which activity is not associated with community empowerment?
Which activity is not associated with community empowerment?
What does community competence refer to?
What does community competence refer to?
Which of the following best defines community empowerment?
Which of the following best defines community empowerment?
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Community capacity is related to which of the following?
Community capacity is related to which of the following?
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Which of the following best describes health promotion?
Which of the following best describes health promotion?
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Which model focuses on the stages of adopting a health-related behavior?
Which model focuses on the stages of adopting a health-related behavior?
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What is stage 3 in the Precaution Adoption Process Model?
What is stage 3 in the Precaution Adoption Process Model?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the six distinct approaches to public health?
Which of the following is NOT one of the six distinct approaches to public health?
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What role does public policy formation play in health promotion?
What role does public policy formation play in health promotion?
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The Theory of Reasoned Action primarily involves beliefs about what?
The Theory of Reasoned Action primarily involves beliefs about what?
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Which model emphasizes community action as part of health promotion?
Which model emphasizes community action as part of health promotion?
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In which stage of the Precaution Adoption Process Model does an individual start to take action toward a health behavior?
In which stage of the Precaution Adoption Process Model does an individual start to take action toward a health behavior?
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Which belief is likely to lead to engaging in exercise based on perceived outcomes?
Which belief is likely to lead to engaging in exercise based on perceived outcomes?
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In the Theory of Planned Behavior, which type of belief influences behavioral intention?
In the Theory of Planned Behavior, which type of belief influences behavioral intention?
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What is a key component of the Health Belief Model?
What is a key component of the Health Belief Model?
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Which belief might hinder one’s decision to quit smoking despite positive support?
Which belief might hinder one’s decision to quit smoking despite positive support?
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What do normative beliefs relate to in the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior?
What do normative beliefs relate to in the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior?
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What is a potential barrier in the Health Belief Model?
What is a potential barrier in the Health Belief Model?
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What premise involves believing that taking action will yield more benefits than costs?
What premise involves believing that taking action will yield more benefits than costs?
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Which example illustrates perceived susceptibility in the Health Belief Model?
Which example illustrates perceived susceptibility in the Health Belief Model?
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What factor is mentioned as being associated with lower rates of participation in health promotion activities?
What factor is mentioned as being associated with lower rates of participation in health promotion activities?
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What is a perceived benefit to action regarding varicella immunization?
What is a perceived benefit to action regarding varicella immunization?
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Which element influences behavior according to Pender's Health Promotion Model?
Which element influences behavior according to Pender's Health Promotion Model?
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What is the significance of health literacy in health promotion?
What is the significance of health literacy in health promotion?
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What might a healthcare provider's negative attitude towards health promotion result in?
What might a healthcare provider's negative attitude towards health promotion result in?
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According to the information provided, what is a key factor that determines if a person will engage in health behavior change?
According to the information provided, what is a key factor that determines if a person will engage in health behavior change?
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Which of the following describes the type of knowledge that enhances engagement in health behaviors?
Which of the following describes the type of knowledge that enhances engagement in health behaviors?
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What is a common barrier individuals might perceive in relation to getting vaccinated?
What is a common barrier individuals might perceive in relation to getting vaccinated?
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What is the primary purpose of social marketing in relation to physical activity?
What is the primary purpose of social marketing in relation to physical activity?
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Which of the following best describes case management?
Which of the following best describes case management?
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What is an advantage of case management for healthcare systems?
What is an advantage of case management for healthcare systems?
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Which component is NOT a part of population health management?
Which component is NOT a part of population health management?
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Which role do community health workers play in promoting healthy behavior?
Which role do community health workers play in promoting healthy behavior?
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What is one key element highlighted in the definition of case management?
What is one key element highlighted in the definition of case management?
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Which advantage of case management relates to patients navigating the healthcare system?
Which advantage of case management relates to patients navigating the healthcare system?
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What does population case management focus on?
What does population case management focus on?
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Study Notes
University, College, and Stage Information
- University: University of Kirkuk
- College: College of Nursing
- Stage: Four
Approaches to Community Health Nursing
- Three approaches: Health Promotion, Case Management, Community Empowerment
Health Promotion
- Defined as a process to improve health by increasing control over determining factors (WHO, 1986)
- More than educating people to change behavior, also includes:
- Public policy formation
- Developing environments that support health
- Promoting community action for good health
Models of Health Promotion
- Several models developed to guide health promotion practice:
- Precaution Adoption Process Model
- Theory of Reasoned Action
- Health Belief Model
- Pender's Health Promotion Model
- PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
- Health-Illness Continuum Model
- Agent-Host-Environment Model
The Precaution Adoption Process Model
- A stage model describing decisions to adopt or not adopt health-related behaviors.
- Stages:
- Stage 1: Unaware of the health issue and need for action.
- Stage 2: Aware of the issue but unengaged.
- Stage 3: Deciding whether to act or not.
- Stage 4: Deciding not to act.
- Stage 5: Deciding to act but not yet taking action.
- Stage 6: Acting.
- Stage 7: Behavior becomes routine.
The Theory of Reasoned Action
- Based on two types of beliefs:
- A. Behavioral beliefs: person's attitudes toward the expected consequences of the behavior.
- B. Normative beliefs: subjective norms influenced by others' attitudes toward a behavior.
- Intention to act based on these perceptions of others and their judgments.
- Action also influenced by ability to control behavior.
The Health Belief Model
- Concerned with what people perceive to be true about their health.
- Elements:
- Individual perceptions of susceptibility and severity
- Modifying factors (demographic, sociopsychological, and structural/environmental variables)
- Perceptions of benefits and barriers to action, cues to action.
- Used in research and program development for health promotion.
- Based on four premises:
- Susceptibility to a health problem
- Seriousness of the health problem
- Preventability of the health problem
- Benefits outweigh the costs of action.
Pender's Health Promotion Model
- Behavior influenced by individual characteristics, behavior-specific cognitions, and affect.
- Individual characteristics: personal, psychological, and sociocultural factors (age, gender, self-esteem).
- Behavior-specific knowledge and affect include beliefs about positive outcomes and skills to engage in healthy behaviors and being affected by interpersonal influences.
Factors Influencing Health Promotion
- Fatalism (belief that events are predetermined)
- Readiness for change
- Health literacy (ability to function in society)
- Attitudes of health professionals
Strategies for Health Promotion
- Health education: Provides information and skills for effective decisions.
- Social marketing: Enhances motivation with branding and tailoring.
- Legislative action: Mandates health promotion activities (e.g., helmet use).
- Community health workers: Utilise trusted community members
Case Management
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A process of identifying needs and arranging, coordinating, monitoring, and evaluating quality and cost-effective services to achieve outcomes.
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Collaborative process between case manager and client/family.
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Key elements: quality and cost-effectiveness.
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Levels: individual and population case management.
-
Advantages to clients:
- Better care coordination
- Negotiation assistance in complex systems
- Access to acceptable/affordable services
- Attention to multiple needs
- Improved health outcomes
- Continuity of care and consistent assistance
-
Advantages for Health care systems:
- Reduced cost
- Minimized hospitalization
- Re-hospitalization prevention
- Service duplication elimination
- Easier transfer among agencies
- Improved communication
- Increased access to services
- Reduced paperwork
- Reduced authorization time
-
Community Empowerment
- Nurses act on behalf of those who can't act for themselves.
- Nurses' ultimate goal is for clients to act independently (empowerment).
- An enabling process to give individuals/communities control over their lives/environment.
- Activities include: development, organization, mobilisation and building of the community
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Description
Explore the various models of health promotion within community health nursing. This quiz covers essential approaches like Health Promotion, Case Management, and Community Empowerment, including the Precaution Adoption Process Model and others. Test your knowledge of these concepts and their significance in improving community health.
