Health Promotion Models in Community Nursing
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Questions and Answers

What is the ultimate goal of advocacy by community health nurses?

  • To enable clients to act independently. (correct)
  • To increase the number of health care professionals.
  • To provide healthcare services directly to individuals.
  • To gather data on community health problems.

Which activity is not associated with community empowerment?

  • Community Mobilization
  • Individual Health Assessments (correct)
  • Community Development
  • Community Organizing

What does community competence refer to?

  • The skills and training of health care professionals.
  • The resources available in the community.
  • The ability of individuals to access healthcare.
  • The ability of the community to engage in effective problem solving. (correct)

Which of the following best defines community empowerment?

<p>An enabling process allowing individuals or communities to take control of their lives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Community capacity is related to which of the following?

<p>The behaviors, values, and abilities that enable individuals and groups to achieve objectives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes health promotion?

<p>A process that enhances people's ability to improve their own health. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model focuses on the stages of adopting a health-related behavior?

<p>The Precaution Adoption Process Model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stage 3 in the Precaution Adoption Process Model?

<p>The person decides whether to adopt a health-related behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the six distinct approaches to public health?

<p>Behavior modification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does public policy formation play in health promotion?

<p>It helps create supportive environments for health improvement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Theory of Reasoned Action primarily involves beliefs about what?

<p>Expected consequences of the behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model emphasizes community action as part of health promotion?

<p>Pender's Health Promotion Model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of the Precaution Adoption Process Model does an individual start to take action toward a health behavior?

<p>Stage 6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which belief is likely to lead to engaging in exercise based on perceived outcomes?

<p>Behavioral belief (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Theory of Planned Behavior, which type of belief influences behavioral intention?

<p>Control beliefs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of the Health Belief Model?

<p>Perceived severity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which belief might hinder one’s decision to quit smoking despite positive support?

<p>Control belief (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do normative beliefs relate to in the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior?

<p>Social influences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential barrier in the Health Belief Model?

<p>Demographic variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What premise involves believing that taking action will yield more benefits than costs?

<p>Perceived benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates perceived susceptibility in the Health Belief Model?

<p>Believing you could get chickenpox due to lack of exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is mentioned as being associated with lower rates of participation in health promotion activities?

<p>Fatalisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a perceived benefit to action regarding varicella immunization?

<p>Virtual elimination of chickenpox risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element influences behavior according to Pender's Health Promotion Model?

<p>Individual characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of health literacy in health promotion?

<p>It affects a person's ability to make informed health decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might a healthcare provider's negative attitude towards health promotion result in?

<p>Lower participation in health promotion activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is a key factor that determines if a person will engage in health behavior change?

<p>Their readiness for change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the type of knowledge that enhances engagement in health behaviors?

<p>Behavior-specific knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common barrier individuals might perceive in relation to getting vaccinated?

<p>Time lost due to travel to the clinic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of social marketing in relation to physical activity?

<p>To enhance personal motivation to engage in physical activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes case management?

<p>A process of coordinating health services to meet needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of case management for healthcare systems?

<p>Minimization of hospitalization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT a part of population health management?

<p>Establishment of exclusive health facilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role do community health workers play in promoting healthy behavior?

<p>They utilize their influence to motivate the population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key element highlighted in the definition of case management?

<p>Quality and cost-effectiveness of services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which advantage of case management relates to patients navigating the healthcare system?

<p>Assistance in negotiating a complex healthcare system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does population case management focus on?

<p>Health needs of a specific targeted population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Behavioral Beliefs

Individual's perception of the likelihood of a certain behavior's outcome.

Normative Beliefs

Subjective norms influenced by others’ attitudes and expectations regarding a behavior.

Control Beliefs

Perceptions of one's ability to control the performance of said behavior.

Behavioral Intention

Intention or plan to perform a specific behavior.

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Health Belief Model

Focuses on individual's perceptions about their health situation to predict health-related behaviors.

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Perceived Susceptibility

Individual's belief about their risk of getting a specific health problem.

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Perceived Severity

Individuals' estimation of the harm a health condition will cause.

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Modifying Factors

Demographic, socio-psychological and environmental variables influencing health behaviours.

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Health Promotion

A process enabling people to improve their health by enhancing control over determinants of health. It involves more than educating people on behavior change, encompassing public policy, supportive environments, and community action.

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Case Management

A structured approach to coordinating care for individuals with complex health needs.

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Community Empowerment

A process helping community members gain control and decision-making power over health issues.

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Precaution Adoption Process Model

A stage model describing how individuals decide whether to adopt or avoid health-related behaviors (precautions).

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Theory of Reasoned Action

A model of behavioral change based on people's attitudes and beliefs about the consequences of their actions.

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Health Belief Model

A widely used model to explain and predict health behaviors influenced by individual's beliefs about the severity of a threat and their capacity to act.

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Pender's Health Promotion Model

A model emphasizing factors like individual characteristics and social support influencing health promotion.

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PRECEDE-PROCEED Model

A model for planning health promotion programs, encompassing stages to assess needs, plan interventions, and evaluate successes.

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Community Empowerment

A process empowering individuals or communities to gain control over their lives related to health by identifying and solving community health problems, possibly with the help of health professionals.

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Community Development

Involves providing a say in decision-making for disadvantaged community groups regarding population health.

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Community Organizing

Helps communities identify and address common goals and health problems.

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Community Mobilization

Working with community groups to perform assessments, create interventions, and evaluate efforts related to population health.

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Community Capacity

The combined abilities, values, and behaviors enabling a community to effectively address its problems and achieve its goals.

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Chickenpox Immunization Decision

A decision to get vaccinated against chickenpox, considering benefits (prevention), costs (side effects, time commitment), and perceived risk.

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Pender's Health Promotion Model

A model explaining health behaviors as influenced by individual characteristics, thoughts, and feelings about the behavior.

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Individual Characteristics (Health Promotion)

Personal qualities like age, gender, or self-esteem that influence health decisions.

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Behavior-Specific Cognitions/Affect

Thoughts and feelings about a specific health action (e.g., believing a behavior is useful, feeling empowered to do it).

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Fatalism's Effect on Health Promotion

A belief in fate influencing willingness to participate in health-improving activities.

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Social Marketing

A strategy to encourage positive health behaviors by motivating people to take advantage of available community resources.

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Readiness for Change

The condition of being prepared to change behavior.

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Case Management

A coordinated process for identifying and meeting health needs through cost-effective services, emphasizing quality and collaboration with clients.

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Levels of Case Management

Individual and population-based approaches, targeting specific health needs of individuals or groups.

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Health Literacy Definition

The ability to read, write, speak, and solve problems to function in daily life, crucial for health.

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Health Promotion Strategies

Methods to improve health at a population level, like health education and community engagement.

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Population Case Management

A set of services and interventions designed to meet the health needs of a specific population group.

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Legislative Action

Government policies impacting health promotion, like mandating safety measures or creating enabling environments.

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Community Health Workers

Trusted community members who promote healthy behavior among their peers.

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Key Components of Population Health Management

Identifying needs, assessing risk, and implementing interventions for specific population groups.

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Advantages of Case Management for Clients

Better care coordination, access to health resources, improved health outcomes, and continuity of care.

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Study Notes

University, College, and Stage Information

  • University: University of Kirkuk
  • College: College of Nursing
  • Stage: Four

Approaches to Community Health Nursing

  • Three approaches: Health Promotion, Case Management, Community Empowerment

Health Promotion

  • Defined as a process to improve health by increasing control over determining factors (WHO, 1986)
  • More than educating people to change behavior, also includes:
    • Public policy formation
    • Developing environments that support health
    • Promoting community action for good health

Models of Health Promotion

  • Several models developed to guide health promotion practice:
    • Precaution Adoption Process Model
    • Theory of Reasoned Action
    • Health Belief Model
    • Pender's Health Promotion Model
    • PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
    • Health-Illness Continuum Model
    • Agent-Host-Environment Model

The Precaution Adoption Process Model

  • A stage model describing decisions to adopt or not adopt health-related behaviors.
  • Stages:
    • Stage 1: Unaware of the health issue and need for action.
    • Stage 2: Aware of the issue but unengaged.
    • Stage 3: Deciding whether to act or not.
    • Stage 4: Deciding not to act.
    • Stage 5: Deciding to act but not yet taking action.
    • Stage 6: Acting.
    • Stage 7: Behavior becomes routine.

The Theory of Reasoned Action

  • Based on two types of beliefs:
    • A. Behavioral beliefs: person's attitudes toward the expected consequences of the behavior.
    • B. Normative beliefs: subjective norms influenced by others' attitudes toward a behavior.
  • Intention to act based on these perceptions of others and their judgments.
  • Action also influenced by ability to control behavior.

The Health Belief Model

  • Concerned with what people perceive to be true about their health.
  • Elements:
    • Individual perceptions of susceptibility and severity
    • Modifying factors (demographic, sociopsychological, and structural/environmental variables)
  • Perceptions of benefits and barriers to action, cues to action.
  • Used in research and program development for health promotion.
  • Based on four premises:
    • Susceptibility to a health problem
    • Seriousness of the health problem
    • Preventability of the health problem
    • Benefits outweigh the costs of action.

Pender's Health Promotion Model

  • Behavior influenced by individual characteristics, behavior-specific cognitions, and affect.
  • Individual characteristics: personal, psychological, and sociocultural factors (age, gender, self-esteem).
  • Behavior-specific knowledge and affect include beliefs about positive outcomes and skills to engage in healthy behaviors and being affected by interpersonal influences.

Factors Influencing Health Promotion

  • Fatalism (belief that events are predetermined)
  • Readiness for change
  • Health literacy (ability to function in society)
  • Attitudes of health professionals

Strategies for Health Promotion

  • Health education: Provides information and skills for effective decisions.
  • Social marketing: Enhances motivation with branding and tailoring.
  • Legislative action: Mandates health promotion activities (e.g., helmet use).
  • Community health workers: Utilise trusted community members

Case Management

  • A process of identifying needs and arranging, coordinating, monitoring, and evaluating quality and cost-effective services to achieve outcomes.

  • Collaborative process between case manager and client/family.

  • Key elements: quality and cost-effectiveness.

  • Levels: individual and population case management.

    • Advantages to clients:

      • Better care coordination
      • Negotiation assistance in complex systems
      • Access to acceptable/affordable services
      • Attention to multiple needs
      • Improved health outcomes
      • Continuity of care and consistent assistance

    • Advantages for Health care systems:

      • Reduced cost
      • Minimized hospitalization
      • Re-hospitalization prevention
      • Service duplication elimination
      • Easier transfer among agencies
      • Improved communication
      • Increased access to services
      • Reduced paperwork
      • Reduced authorization time

Community Empowerment

  • Nurses act on behalf of those who can't act for themselves.
  • Nurses' ultimate goal is for clients to act independently (empowerment).
  • An enabling process to give individuals/communities control over their lives/environment.
  • Activities include: development, organization, mobilisation and building of the community

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Approaches to Community Health Nursing PDF

Description

Explore the various models of health promotion within community health nursing. This quiz covers essential approaches like Health Promotion, Case Management, and Community Empowerment, including the Precaution Adoption Process Model and others. Test your knowledge of these concepts and their significance in improving community health.

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