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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the comprehensive strategies for health promotion?
Which of the following is NOT one of the comprehensive strategies for health promotion?
Health is defined as the objective of living.
Health is defined as the objective of living.
False
What does SDOH stand for in the context of health promotion?
What does SDOH stand for in the context of health promotion?
social determinants of health
Health promotion requires a shift in the health care system towards emphasis on ______ and promotion of health.
Health promotion requires a shift in the health care system towards emphasis on ______ and promotion of health.
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Match the following health promotion strategies with their descriptions:
Match the following health promotion strategies with their descriptions:
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Which of the following best describes social determinants of health?
Which of the following best describes social determinants of health?
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Health promotion is the sole responsibility of the health sector.
Health promotion is the sole responsibility of the health sector.
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Which of the following factors influences attitudes and assumptions about drugs?
Which of the following factors influences attitudes and assumptions about drugs?
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Psychoactive drugs only have effects on the brain and do not impact other parts of the body.
Psychoactive drugs only have effects on the brain and do not impact other parts of the body.
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What is one of the main focuses of the health promotion field regarding substance use?
What is one of the main focuses of the health promotion field regarding substance use?
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The process of supporting measures that reduce the negative consequences of drug use is known as __________.
The process of supporting measures that reduce the negative consequences of drug use is known as __________.
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Match the health promotion strategies to their objectives:
Match the health promotion strategies to their objectives:
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You must provide at least one source that was referenced in the previous assignment.
You must provide at least one source that was referenced in the previous assignment.
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Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase ______ over their health.
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase ______ over their health.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which statement correctly identifies an aspect of health promotion?
Which statement correctly identifies an aspect of health promotion?
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What type of language should be used to describe individuals with health conditions?
What type of language should be used to describe individuals with health conditions?
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Students must complete all assignments to receive a grade in the course.
Students must complete all assignments to receive a grade in the course.
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Name one commonly used drug mentioned in the course content.
Name one commonly used drug mentioned in the course content.
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The long class sessions will be broken up for ______ and discussion time.
The long class sessions will be broken up for ______ and discussion time.
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Match the following topics with their descriptions covered in the course:
Match the following topics with their descriptions covered in the course:
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Match the following research interests with their descriptions:
Match the following research interests with their descriptions:
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Which factor is associated with better health outcomes according to the determinants of health?
Which factor is associated with better health outcomes according to the determinants of health?
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Social support networks are considered a determinant of health.
Social support networks are considered a determinant of health.
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What does the PHAC list include that is crucial for health status?
What does the PHAC list include that is crucial for health status?
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The combined influence of income and _______ determines overall health status.
The combined influence of income and _______ determines overall health status.
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Match the following determinants of health with their definitions:
Match the following determinants of health with their definitions:
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Which of the following is NOT included in the Canadian Facts list of determinants of health?
Which of the following is NOT included in the Canadian Facts list of determinants of health?
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Higher education levels have no impact on health outcomes.
Higher education levels have no impact on health outcomes.
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What is a major impact of social and working conditions on health?
What is a major impact of social and working conditions on health?
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In Canada, _______ insecurity is a factor that can adversely affect health.
In Canada, _______ insecurity is a factor that can adversely affect health.
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Match the determinants of health with the corresponding examples:
Match the determinants of health with the corresponding examples:
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Study Notes
Health Promotion
- Focuses on social determinants of health (SDOH)
- Aims to improve overall well-being, going beyond just healthy lifestyles
- Emphasizes social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities
Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
- Non-medical factors influencing health outcomes
- Conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age
- Shaped by broader forces and systems like economic policies, development agendas, social norms, social policies, and political systems
Strategies for Health Promotion
- Building healthy public policy
- Creating supportive environments
- Strengthening community action
- Developing personal skills
- Re-orienting healthcare services towards prevention and health promotion
Drugs and Drug Use in Context
- Drugs are substances, not inherently good or bad
- Many substances lead to behaviors and factors causing concern; it's important to consider the "how" and "why" of drug use.
- Every drug has multiple effects, including on both the brain and other parts of the body
- Both the size and quality of a drug's effect depend on the amount taken, with an increased dose usually causing an increased effect.
- Different doses of certain substances can cause different kinds of effects
- The effects of psychoactive drugs depend on individual history and expectations
- A person's attitude can affect their perception of the drug experience.
Canadian Substance Use Policy
- Drugs have been used for therapeutic and recreational purposes for thousands of years.
- Many psychoactive drugs are restricted or tightly regulated through the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
- Restriction and regulation has led to an increase in the illegal trade of substances.
- Attitudes and assumptions about drugs are influenced by various factors:
- Law/regulation
- Social norms
- Treatment
- Enforcement: addressing illegal drug production, supply, distribution, and use
- Treatment: providing treatment for those experiencing drug-related issues
- Harm reduction: supporting measures that reduce the negative consequences of drug use
- Prevention: preventing problematic drug use
Substance Use Field vs Health Promotion
- Substance use field focuses on preventing "problem behaviors" and social harms related to individuals and substance use, with a focus on delaying, reducing, or eliminating alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use, and reducing risk.
- Health Promotion is broader, encompassing substance use prevention, strengthening health, well-being, building resilience, reducing stigma, and targeting root causes of harmful behavior.
Promoting Health in the Substance Use Field
- Strategies can be categorized as:
- Supply:
- Supply Reduction: Limiting hours/prices for alcohol, increasing cost of substances
- Demand:
- Demand Reduction: Advertisement restrictions, interventions
- Harm:
- Harm Reduction: Safe consumption sites
- Supply:
Course Overview
- The course will examine the relationship between substance use, drug policy, and harm reduction from a health promotion lens.
- Students will gain an understanding of the physiology of drugs and drug use, psychological dependence and tolerance, drug policies in Canada and internationally, treatment and prevention options, and commonly used drugs like marijuana, alcohol, and opioids.
Learning Outcomes
- Students will be able to relate basic terms, concepts, theories, and policies to substance use.
- Students will be able to explain historical events relating to drugs, drug use, and policy.
- Students will be able to describe how social factors relate to substance use.
- Students will be able to understand how some drugs interact within the mind and body.
- Students will be able to appraise commonly used prevention and treatment options for substance use/abuse.
- Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of current issues of substance use in a local, national, and international context.
Course Format
- The course will include in-person lectures, pre-recorded guest lectures played in class, activities, and discussion time.
- The instructor encourages active and collaborative learning, emphasizing that everyone is here to learn and contribute their unique experiences and knowledge.
- Disagreements should be directed at statements, not individuals.
- The instructor encourages the use of person-first language, which acknowledges someone as a person before describing their attributes or health conditions.
Course Materials
- Required textbook: Drugs, Behavior, and Society (4th Canadian Edition) by Hart, Ksir, Hebb, and Gilbert.
- Textbook available as an e-book for $67.85 (with tax).
- Slides will be made available on Brightspace prior to each class.
- Slides do not contain all the details from the textbook.
Course Policies and Expectations
- Contact the instructor via email with questions or to schedule appointments. Email responses will be provided within 48 hours.
- Written assignments must be submitted through Brightspace by the end of the day (11:59 PM) on the due date.
- Students must complete all assignments to receive a grade.
- Plagiarism will not be tolerated.
Determinants of Health
-
The social determinants of health (SDOH) are factors that influence an individual's health status.
-
The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and Canadian Facts list are two comprehensive lists of SDOH.
-
The PHAC list categorizes SDOH into:
- Income and Social Status
- Social Support Networks
- Education and Literacy
- Employment and Working Conditions
- Physical Environments
- Social Environments
- Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills
- Healthy Child Development
- Biology and Genetic Endowment
- Health Services
- Gender
- Culture
-
The Canadian Facts list categorizes SDOH into:
- Indigenous Status
- Gender
- Disability
- Housing
- Early Childhood Development
- Income and Income distribution
- Education
- Race
- Employment and Working conditions
- Social Exclusion
- Unemployment and Job security
- Food Insecurity
- Social Safety Net
- Health Services
Income and Social Status
- Higher social and economic status is strongly associated with better health.
- These factors are arguably the most important determinants of health.
- Higher income provides:
- Choice and control
- Safe Housing
- Healthy Food
- Leisure opportunities
- Post-secondary education
Drugs
- Drugs are substances, natural or artificial, other than food, that alter structure or function in a living organism.
- Examples of drugs include:
- Advil for a headache
- Cough medicine
- Prescription medications
- Alcohol
- The terms "drugs" and "substances" are often used interchangeably.
- The legality of drugs is influenced by political factors, social norms, and changes over time.
Drug Misuse vs. Drug Abuse
- Misuse: Using drugs or chemicals in greater amounts than prescribed by a doctor or for purposes other than those intended by the manufacturer.
- Abuse: Using substances in a manner, amount, or situation that causes social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems.
- Examples of substance abuse:
- Missing work or classes
- Failing to fulfill family responsibilities
Dependence, Tolerance, and Withdrawal
- Dependence: A state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently or consistently that it becomes difficult for them to stop.
- Dependence can be physiological and/or psychological.
- Tolerance: A condition that may follow repeated ingestion of a drug. Occurs when a person's reaction to a drug decreases, requiring larger doses to achieve the same effect.
- Withdrawal: Abnormal physical or psychological effects that occur after stopping a drug.
- Examples of withdrawal symptoms: sweating, tremors, vomiting, anxiety, insomnia, muscle aches and pains.
Questions to Consider When Discussing Drug Use
- Who is taking the drug?
- What drug are they taking?
- When and where is the drug being used?
- Why is the drug being used? (e.g. medical purposes vs. pleasure)
- How is the drug being taken?
- How much of the drug is being used?
- Where are people getting their information about drugs?
Social Determinants of Health and Substance Use
- Substance use experiences vary for each individual, and a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to why a person may use substances.
- Some risk factors for addiction include: genes, brain function, previous trauma, cultural influences, poverty, and other barriers to accessing social determinants of health.
- There is a high prevalence of mental health and substance use concurrently.
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Description
This quiz explores health promotion strategies and the role of social determinants of health (SDOH) in shaping health outcomes. It covers how to improve well-being through various public and community-oriented approaches. Emphasis is placed on understanding the contextual factors of drug use and its implications.
