Health Promotion and Belief Models

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities of a nurse regarding pregnancy and childbirth?

Supervision and care of women during pregnancy, labor, and puerperium (correct)

Diagnosing chronic illnesses in adults

Conducting surgeries unrelated to childbirth

Administering vaccinations for common illnesses

Which step involves developing a plan that specifies nursing actions unique to client needs?

Diagnosis

Planning (correct)

Intervention

Data collection

During what process does a nurse analyze collected data to determine health problems?

Suturing lacerations

Evaluation

Diagnosis (correct)

Intervention

Which activity is part of the nursing responsibilities related to providing emergency care?

Providing first aid measures and emergency care Signup and view all the answers

What is required during the evaluation step in the nursing process?

Evaluating responses of clients to interventions Signup and view all the answers

What is the median age of a population with the youngest person aged 2 and the oldest person aged 75?

38.5 Signup and view all the answers

Which formula accurately describes how to determine population density?

Population divided by total land area Signup and view all the answers

What does the dependency ratio measure?

The pressure on the labor force from those not working Signup and view all the answers

Vital statistics include records of events that influence human demography, which of the following is NOT included?

Chronic diseases Signup and view all the answers

If a household has 5 people and 2 rooms used for sleeping, what is the household density?

2.5 Signup and view all the answers

What age groups are included in the calculation of the dependency ratio?

0-14 years and 65 years and older Signup and view all the answers

How is population calculated in terms of population density per square kilometer?

Total population divided by land area Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a pandemic in terms of disease occurrence?

Global spread affecting multiple countries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an endemic disease?

Regularly found in a specific location Signup and view all the answers

In a calculation of the dependency ratio, if the population aged 0-14 is 30, and those aged 65 and above is 20, with a total population of 100, what is the dependency ratio?

50 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of monitoring disease occurrence?

To assess program progress and take corrective actions Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding an epidemic?

It indicates a significant increase in disease incidence. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of an epi curve, what is represented on the horizontal axis?

Date or time of illness onset Signup and view all the answers

What does outcome evaluation measure in a program?

The extent to which intended results are achieved Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of sporadic disease occurrence?

Intermittent outbreaks affecting few individuals Signup and view all the answers

What does impact evaluation investigate in a program?

The long-term effectiveness of achieving program goals Signup and view all the answers

What does a health deficit arise from?

Imbalance between health needs and resources Signup and view all the answers

What year was the Health Belief Model (HBM) developed?

1958 Signup and view all the answers

Which belief is associated with perceived susceptibility in the Health Belief Model?

Belief about the chance of getting a condition Signup and view all the answers

What can result from the decision-making of a significant number of people in a population?

Social change Signup and view all the answers

How do organizational dimensions and policies influence health choices?

They dictate options available Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential outcome of excess critical health resources in a population?

Health deficits due to neglect Signup and view all the answers

What factors result in the selection of behavior patterns in a population?

Actual and perceived options and beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary purposes behind developing the Health Belief Model?

To explain low participation in preventive programs Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT included in Nola Pender's Health Promotion model?

Long-term threat as a motivator Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym PRECEDE stand for in the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered when studying population composition?

Climate Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus area in the Precede-Proceed model?

Social assessment and administrative factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of population size?

The number of people in a specific area at a given time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes population distribution?

The geographic location of groups within a community Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding population composition significant in public health planning?

It guides the identification of health needs based on community characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a part of health promotion efforts?

Limiting personal choices Signup and view all the answers

What does the Proceed phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model emphasize?

Policy and regulatory constructs in environmental development Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic tool is used for understanding population projections?

Demographic Census Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Health Deficit

Results from an imbalance between a population's health needs and available health resources.
Can arise from deprivation or excess of critical health resources.
Example: 1 midwife serves 5000 people.

Health Belief Model (HBM)

Established in 1958 by US public health service social psychologists.
Aims to explain low participation rates in tuberculosis prevention programs.
Key concept: Perceived susceptibility refers to an individual's belief about the likelihood of developing a condition.

Influences on Individual Choices

Health behaviors stem from choices made to maximize valued resources.
Limited health-promoting options reduce the effectiveness of health education.
Health behaviors are shaped by actual and perceived choices influenced by socialization and education.

Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model

Developed in the 1980s and revised in 1996, emphasizing biophysical factors in health behaviors.
Does not include threats as long-term motivators.
Focuses on individual characteristics, behavior-specific cognitions, and outcomes of behaviors.

PRECEDE-PROCEED Model

Developed for public health application to assess community needs.
PRECEDE: Stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling constructs in educational diagnosis.
PROCEED: Focuses on policy and organizational constructs for program implementation and evaluation.

Population Definitions and Metrics

Population Size: Number of people in a specified area at a specific time.
Population Distribution: Specific geographic area where the population resides.
Population Composition: Characteristics of the population including age, sex, and occupation.

Median Age

Age that divides a population into two equally sized groups.
Helps summarize age distribution within a population.

Dependency Ratio

Measures the pressure on the labor force by comparing non-working age groups to working age groups.
Formula: (Population under 15 + Population over 65) / Population aged 15-64 x 100.

Population Density

Calculated as population divided by total land area.
Represents the number of individuals per square kilometer or square meter.

Health Indicators and Vital Statistics

Vital Statistics record essential demographic events.
Include births, deaths, morbidity, mortality, migration, marriages, and divorces.
Timeliness is critical in data collection for accuracy and relevance.

Patterns of Disease Occurrence

Epidemic: Marked increase in disease incidence within a population.
Endemic: Consistent, habitual presence of a disease in a specific area.
Sporadic: Occasional outbreaks affecting a small subset of the population.
Pandemic: Widespread disease outbreak across multiple countries or continents.

Epi Curve

Graphical representation of disease incidence over time.
Horizontal axis indicates time of illness onset; vertical axis shows the number of cases.

Responsibilities of Nurses under RA 7164

Supervise and care for women during maternity stages.
Perform internal examinations and deliveries in emergencies.
Provide first aid and emergency care.
Analyze data to inform diagnosis and planning for health interventions.
Evaluate client responses to interventions for goal achievement.

Roles of Public Health Nurse

Assesses community health needs.
Provides education on health promotion and disease prevention.

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Description

Explore essential concepts related to health deficits, the Health Belief Model, and influences on individual health choices. This quiz covers foundational theories that shape health behaviors and their implications for public health. Delve into Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model and understand its significance in health education.