CHN
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Questions and Answers

The conduct of focus group discussion among men in the communities on gender-sensitivity is a typical example of:

  • Secondary level of prevention
  • Tertiary level of prevention
  • A, B, and C
  • Primary level of prevention (correct)
  • Which disease is specifically aimed to be eradicated by the DOH?

  • Dengue
  • Poliomyelitis (correct)
  • AIDS
  • Measles
  • What specific sustainable development goal (SDG) is being addressed by the integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI)?

  • SDG 4
  • SDG 5
  • SDG 3 (correct)
  • SDG 6
  • Intrinsic host factors that affect the occurrence of diseases include all the following EXCEPT:

    <p>Nationality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one is considered a pro-people principle of the EPI?

    <p>Mass approach rather than individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary element of EPI?

    <p>Surveillance and research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After administering the first dose of DPT, the nurse instructs the mother to return for the second dose after:

    <p>2 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activities undertaken by the community or the People’s Organization to solve problems collectively are called:

    <p>Mobilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which basic quality of a community organizer reflects the ability to lead People’s Organization and community residents?

    <p>Visionary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common severe childhood illness that Rosie encountered in the communities?

    <p>Mastoiditis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timing for the first antenatal visit for pregnant mothers?

    <p>As early as 1st trimester (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) approach, what must all pregnant women receive?

    <p>Consideration for possible complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is NOT included in the key Family Health Practices in IMCI discussed by Rosie?

    <p>Early toilet training among children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antibiotic should a two-year-old child with dysentery receive twice daily for three days?

    <p>Co-trimoxazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Continuing to breastfeed a dehydrated child indicates what?

    <p>Longer and frequent breastfeeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a mother immediately return her child to the health facility?

    <p>If the child is vomiting everything s/he eats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbal plant is recommended to lower blood cholesterol levels and hypertension?

    <p>Ampalaya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form of alternative medicine that uses pressure on specific areas of the body?

    <p>Acupressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The paradigm shift in maternal health strategy aims at reducing maternal deaths in the Philippines by 2030. What is this new approach called?

    <p>Community-based Maternal Care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In MNCHN, where are all pregnant women assisted to deliver?

    <p>Deliver in health facility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct intervention in MNCHN aimed at preventing maternal and perinatal/neonatal deaths?

    <p>Community-managed maternal and newborn care (CMMNC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a pregnant client suffering from pre-eclampsia, which government facility is appropriate for referral?

    <p>Provincial Hospital (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of sharing resources and coordination among health facilities called?

    <p>Inter-local health zone (ILHZ) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goal of the MNCHN Strategy includes achieving SDG 3 by reducing maternal deaths to less than what number per 100,000 live births by 2030?

    <p>70 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children with edema in both feet and body wasting is classified as:

    <p>Severe malnutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much oral rehydration solution (ORS) must Rosie give every hour to a child with some dehydration whose weight is 6 kg?

    <p>120 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs will indicate a severe jaundice condition of a child?

    <p>Jaundice appears less than 24 hours of age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a child is confirmed to be jaundiced, the mother must be advised to:

    <p>Refer immediately to the hospital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the infant is returned in the RHU and there is no longer low weight for age, Rosie must:

    <p>Praise the mother and encourage her to continue breastfeeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For very young children who are sick, the following must be validated with their mothers:

    <p>All except C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practical food tips must be taught by the nurse to mothers with children 6 months of age?

    <p>Introduce complementary foods one at a time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Philippine law created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care?

    <p>RA 8423 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific questions should Aling Maria ask the pregnant mother to assist in preparing a birth plan?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of antenatal visits that a pregnant woman should be advised to attend to in a preferred health facility?

    <p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in essential antenatal services?

    <p>Family Planning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine is NOT typically given to pregnant women positive with HIV to delay the progress to full-blown AIDS?

    <p>Anti-retro vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of maternal deaths due to abortion complications?

    <p>Unwanted and/or unplanned pregnancies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended interval for child spacing according to government advocacy?

    <p>2 years interval from last pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) intervention primarily advocate?

    <p>A, B and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may prohibit a woman from breastfeeding as mandated by Republic Act 7600?

    <p>Severe infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most efficient alternative to incubators for low birthweight babies?

    <p>Kangaroo-Mother-Care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first component of Essential Newborn Care?

    <p>Immediate and thorough drying of newborn to avoid hypothermia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the WHO and DOH recommend delaying the bathing of a newborn after delivery?

    <p>4 hours from delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the best time for a public health nurse to counsel pregnant mothers on IYCF and family planning?

    <p>Antenatal visit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT commonly contribute to a pregnant woman's delay in deciding to seek medical care?

    <p>Availability of childcare for other children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor observed in the 'Delay in Receiving Appropriate and Adequate Care at the Health Facility'?

    <p>Absence of patient insurance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What arrangement might a working mother make to continue breastfeeding?

    <p>Expressing and storing milk in a refrigerator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mother has a higher risk of transmitting HIV to their children?

    <p>Positive HIV/AIDS mother (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Primary level of prevention

    Focuses on preventing diseases before they occur through health promotion and disease risk reduction.

    Eradicated disease (DOH)

    A disease that is being or has been eliminated globally through public health interventions.

    Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)

    An approach to managing childhood illnesses by using a set of specific interventions.

    Intrinsic Host Factors (disease)

    Factors within a person that influence disease occurrence (e.g., age, sex, genetics, habits).

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    EPI principle (pro-people)

    A health program element focused on community health services, rather than individual treatment or findings.

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    EPI primary element

    The core aspect of an epidemiological program is the surveillance and research of disease patterns.

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    BCG reaction (expected)

    Expected local reactions to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, potentially including localized swelling or fever.

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    Community mobilization

    The process of enlisting community members to participate in health projects. It includes identifying and engaging influential people.

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    Community Organizer (CO) Quality: Visionary

    The ability of a community organizer to provide direction and inspire action by having a clear, long-term vision for the community.

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    Edema in both feet and body wasting in children

    A sign of severe malnutrition.

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    Oral rehydration solution (ORS) for 6kg child

    100 ml per hour for a child with some dehydration.

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    Severe Childhood Illness: Persistent Diarrhea

    A persistent and severe form of diarrhea that is a common childhood illness.

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    Severe jaundice in infants

    Jaundice appearing less than 24 hours of age is a concern.

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    First Antenatal Visit Timing

    The recommended time to start antenatal care during pregnancy is the first trimester.

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    Pregnant Women's Risk

    All pregnant women are considered at potential risk for complications during childbirth.

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    Mother's action for jaundiced infant

    Seek immediate medical assistance if jaundice worsens.

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    IMCI Family Health Practice Excluded

    Early toilet training is not a part of the 12 key Family Health Practices emphasized in IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses).

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    Infant's healthy weight gain

    If the infant's weight is no longer low for age, continue breastfeeding and praise the mother.

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    Dysentery Antibiotic

    Co-trimoxazole is the recommended antibiotic for treating dysentery in children for a three-day course.

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    Important aspects for sick children

    Validate breastfeeding and immunization status with the mother.

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    Food tips for 6-month-old infants

    Introduce complementary foods gradually and offer variety.

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    Dehydrated Child Breastfeeding

    For a dehydrated child, more frequent breastfeeding is helpful.

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    Philippine law for traditional health care

    RA 8423 created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care.

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    Urgent Return to Facility

    A child should be immediately returned to the health facility if they have pus drainage in the ears or experience vomiting everything they eat.

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    Acupressure

    A complementary therapy that involves applying pressure to specific points on the body to relieve pain, improve circulation, and promote overall well-being.

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    Emergency Obstetric Care Approach (EmOC)

    A paradigm shift in maternal health care that focuses on providing immediate and life-saving interventions to pregnant women experiencing complications during labor and delivery.

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    CMMNC features

    A set of key characteristics for effective community-managed maternal and newborn care, including community education, strong referral systems, and accessible MCH services.

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    Pre-eclampsia

    A serious condition that develops during pregnancy, characterized by high blood pressure and signs of organ damage.

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    Inter-local Health Zone (ILHZ)

    A strategy where different municipalities collaborate and share resources, including personnel, to improve health services in a specific area.

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    Yerba Buena

    A type of herb that is recommended for lowering blood cholesterol levels and hypertension.

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    Bawang

    Another herb that is recommended to help lower blood cholesterol levels and hypertension.

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    Lagundi

    This herb is commonly used to relieve coughs and colds, with other potential benefits but not specifically for cholesterol or hypertension.

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    Birth Planning

    A process where a pregnant mother makes decisions about where she will give birth, who will support her during labor and delivery, and other important details.

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    Antenatal Care Visits

    Regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and baby.

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    Essential Antenatal Services

    Important healthcare services provided during pregnancy to ensure the well-being of the mother and baby.

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    HIV Vaccine for Pregnant Women

    Vaccinations given to pregnant women positive with HIV to slow down the progression of the virus.

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    Major Cause of Maternal Deaths from Abortion

    The most frequent reason for maternal deaths due to abortion complications.

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    Child Spacing

    The recommended timeframe between pregnancies to allow for the mother's body to recover and for the family to prepare for another child.

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    Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF)

    Essential care provided to infants and young children involving exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months, continued breastfeeding up to 2 years, and no food other than breastmilk during the first 6 months.

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    Breastfeeding Support in Hospitals

    Hospitals are mandated to promote breastfeeding and allow mothers to stay with their babies after delivery to facilitate breastfeeding.

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    Kangaroo Mother Care

    A method where a low birth weight baby is held skin-to-skin with their mother, providing warmth, comfort, and bonding benefits.

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    Delayed Bathing of Newborn

    The World Health Organization (WHO) and DOH recommend delaying bathing of newborns for at least 6 hours after delivery to allow the baby to adjust to the outside world.

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    Essential Newborn Care

    A series of immediate and critical steps performed right after birth to ensure the newborn's health and well-being, including drying the baby thoroughly.

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    Three Delays Model of Maternal Deaths

    A framework that explains the delays in seeking medical care during pregnancy and childbirth, ultimately leading to maternal deaths.

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    First Delay: Delay in Deciding to Seek Care

    The initial delay in recognizing danger signs and deciding to seek medical help during pregnancy.

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    Second Delay: Delay in Reaching a Health Facility

    The delay in reaching a health facility due to factors such as lack of transportation, money, or available caregivers.

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    Third Delay: Delay in Receiving Appropriate Care

    The delay in receiving timely and effective care at the health facility due to factors like staff shortages, lack of supplies, or inadequate skills.

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    Best Time for IYCF and Family Planning Counseling

    The ideal time for a PHN to provide counseling on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and family planning is during the antenatal (prenatal) visits.

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    Study Notes

    Situation 1

    • Health policy needs to address inequities in health service access, particularly for the poor.
    • Community Health Nurses play a crucial role in realizing Universal Health Care by raising health awareness and referring patients to facilities.
    • Health Sector Reform Agenda, or "Formula One for Health", is the current Comprehensive Health Reform.
    • Universal Health Care and Primary Health Care are relevant aspects of comprehensive health reform.
    • Programs to eliminate or control communicable and non-communicable diseases are important for Sustainable Development Goal #3.
    • Both communicable and non-communicable diseases are targeted in achieving SDG 3.
    • The poor and people with disabilities are mandated to enroll in PhilHealth.
    • Local Development Councils, Women's Health Organizations, and Community Health Teams are key to public health program implementation.
    • Youth Leaders participate in health program formation.

    Situation 2

    • The World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed "People-Centered Health Care" in 2008, emphasizing community involvement in health.
    • This framework is a reaffirmation of the Alma Ata Conference (1978) in prioritizing health care for the communities to enable the people to actively take care of their health.
    • Community mobilization for disaster and health emergency planning shows people's active participation in health initiatives.
    • People's active participation includes organizing free medical missions, food programs, and health awareness.
    • Community health nurses must build people's capacity to make health decisions.
    • This includes participation in health meetings, knowledge about informed consent , increased health-seeking behavior.
    • Vulnerable sectors in communities must be prioritized, which include children of poor families, women of reproductive age, people with disabilities, and elderly people..

    Other Information

    • Vaccines should be discarded within 6 hours or at the end of the immunization session.

    • HIV testing is not a precondition for employment, university admission, or travel.

    • Oral hygiene and nutrition education is important in community health programs.

    • Basic principles of Immunization programs are important for providing quality care.

    • Effective community action to address health issues (community mobilization) is integral.

    • Public health nurses should ensure programs target vulnerable populations( children of poor families, women of reproductive age, people with disabilities, and elderly people)

    • Common diseases affecting Filipino adolescents are caused by deterioration of family values, new technologies, climate change, and peer pressure.

    • Health issues facing Filipino adolescents include domestic violence.

    • Violence against women and children (VAWC) is a critical public health problem, but often victims are silenced due to societal pressures and fear.

    • Malaria, schistosomiasis, and filariasis are significant diseases in the Philippines.

    • Understanding how to prepare and administer herbal remedies (infusion, decoction etc.) is a part of community health.

    • Community and individual health programs are crucial to prevent and reduce premature deaths.

    • Community organizations play an essential role in implementing community health initiatives.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential aspects of health policy related to inequities in access to health services, focusing on the role of Community Health Nurses and the reforms necessary for achieving Universal Health Care. It highlights the importance of addressing communicable and non-communicable diseases in line with Sustainable Development Goal #3, while involving local organizations and youth leaders in health program implementation.

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