CHN

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Questions and Answers

The conduct of focus group discussion among men in the communities on gender-sensitivity is a typical example of:

  • Secondary level of prevention
  • Tertiary level of prevention
  • A, B, and C
  • Primary level of prevention (correct)

Which disease is specifically aimed to be eradicated by the DOH?

  • Dengue
  • Poliomyelitis (correct)
  • AIDS
  • Measles

What specific sustainable development goal (SDG) is being addressed by the integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI)?

  • SDG 4
  • SDG 5
  • SDG 3 (correct)
  • SDG 6

Intrinsic host factors that affect the occurrence of diseases include all the following EXCEPT:

<p>Nationality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one is considered a pro-people principle of the EPI?

<p>Mass approach rather than individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary element of EPI?

<p>Surveillance and research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After administering the first dose of DPT, the nurse instructs the mother to return for the second dose after:

<p>2 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Activities undertaken by the community or the People’s Organization to solve problems collectively are called:

<p>Mobilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which basic quality of a community organizer reflects the ability to lead People’s Organization and community residents?

<p>Visionary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common severe childhood illness that Rosie encountered in the communities?

<p>Mastoiditis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timing for the first antenatal visit for pregnant mothers?

<p>As early as 1st trimester (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) approach, what must all pregnant women receive?

<p>Consideration for possible complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is NOT included in the key Family Health Practices in IMCI discussed by Rosie?

<p>Early toilet training among children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What antibiotic should a two-year-old child with dysentery receive twice daily for three days?

<p>Co-trimoxazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Continuing to breastfeed a dehydrated child indicates what?

<p>Longer and frequent breastfeeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a mother immediately return her child to the health facility?

<p>If the child is vomiting everything s/he eats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which herbal plant is recommended to lower blood cholesterol levels and hypertension?

<p>Ampalaya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of alternative medicine that uses pressure on specific areas of the body?

<p>Acupressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The paradigm shift in maternal health strategy aims at reducing maternal deaths in the Philippines by 2030. What is this new approach called?

<p>Community-based Maternal Care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In MNCHN, where are all pregnant women assisted to deliver?

<p>Deliver in health facility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct intervention in MNCHN aimed at preventing maternal and perinatal/neonatal deaths?

<p>Community-managed maternal and newborn care (CMMNC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a pregnant client suffering from pre-eclampsia, which government facility is appropriate for referral?

<p>Provincial Hospital (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of sharing resources and coordination among health facilities called?

<p>Inter-local health zone (ILHZ) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The goal of the MNCHN Strategy includes achieving SDG 3 by reducing maternal deaths to less than what number per 100,000 live births by 2030?

<p>70 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with edema in both feet and body wasting is classified as:

<p>Severe malnutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much oral rehydration solution (ORS) must Rosie give every hour to a child with some dehydration whose weight is 6 kg?

<p>120 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs will indicate a severe jaundice condition of a child?

<p>Jaundice appears less than 24 hours of age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a child is confirmed to be jaundiced, the mother must be advised to:

<p>Refer immediately to the hospital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the infant is returned in the RHU and there is no longer low weight for age, Rosie must:

<p>Praise the mother and encourage her to continue breastfeeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For very young children who are sick, the following must be validated with their mothers:

<p>All except C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What practical food tips must be taught by the nurse to mothers with children 6 months of age?

<p>Introduce complementary foods one at a time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Philippine law created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care?

<p>RA 8423 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specific questions should Aling Maria ask the pregnant mother to assist in preparing a birth plan?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of antenatal visits that a pregnant woman should be advised to attend to in a preferred health facility?

<p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in essential antenatal services?

<p>Family Planning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine is NOT typically given to pregnant women positive with HIV to delay the progress to full-blown AIDS?

<p>Anti-retro vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of maternal deaths due to abortion complications?

<p>Unwanted and/or unplanned pregnancies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended interval for child spacing according to government advocacy?

<p>2 years interval from last pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) intervention primarily advocate?

<p>A, B and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition may prohibit a woman from breastfeeding as mandated by Republic Act 7600?

<p>Severe infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficient alternative to incubators for low birthweight babies?

<p>Kangaroo-Mother-Care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first component of Essential Newborn Care?

<p>Immediate and thorough drying of newborn to avoid hypothermia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the WHO and DOH recommend delaying the bathing of a newborn after delivery?

<p>4 hours from delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the best time for a public health nurse to counsel pregnant mothers on IYCF and family planning?

<p>Antenatal visit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT commonly contribute to a pregnant woman's delay in deciding to seek medical care?

<p>Availability of childcare for other children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor observed in the 'Delay in Receiving Appropriate and Adequate Care at the Health Facility'?

<p>Absence of patient insurance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What arrangement might a working mother make to continue breastfeeding?

<p>Expressing and storing milk in a refrigerator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mother has a higher risk of transmitting HIV to their children?

<p>Positive HIV/AIDS mother (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Primary level of prevention

Focuses on preventing diseases before they occur through health promotion and disease risk reduction.

Eradicated disease (DOH)

A disease that is being or has been eliminated globally through public health interventions.

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)

An approach to managing childhood illnesses by using a set of specific interventions.

Intrinsic Host Factors (disease)

Factors within a person that influence disease occurrence (e.g., age, sex, genetics, habits).

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EPI principle (pro-people)

A health program element focused on community health services, rather than individual treatment or findings.

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EPI primary element

The core aspect of an epidemiological program is the surveillance and research of disease patterns.

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BCG reaction (expected)

Expected local reactions to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, potentially including localized swelling or fever.

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Community mobilization

The process of enlisting community members to participate in health projects. It includes identifying and engaging influential people.

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Community Organizer (CO) Quality: Visionary

The ability of a community organizer to provide direction and inspire action by having a clear, long-term vision for the community.

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Edema in both feet and body wasting in children

A sign of severe malnutrition.

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Oral rehydration solution (ORS) for 6kg child

100 ml per hour for a child with some dehydration.

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Severe Childhood Illness: Persistent Diarrhea

A persistent and severe form of diarrhea that is a common childhood illness.

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Severe jaundice in infants

Jaundice appearing less than 24 hours of age is a concern.

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First Antenatal Visit Timing

The recommended time to start antenatal care during pregnancy is the first trimester.

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Pregnant Women's Risk

All pregnant women are considered at potential risk for complications during childbirth.

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Mother's action for jaundiced infant

Seek immediate medical assistance if jaundice worsens.

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IMCI Family Health Practice Excluded

Early toilet training is not a part of the 12 key Family Health Practices emphasized in IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses).

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Infant's healthy weight gain

If the infant's weight is no longer low for age, continue breastfeeding and praise the mother.

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Dysentery Antibiotic

Co-trimoxazole is the recommended antibiotic for treating dysentery in children for a three-day course.

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Important aspects for sick children

Validate breastfeeding and immunization status with the mother.

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Food tips for 6-month-old infants

Introduce complementary foods gradually and offer variety.

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Dehydrated Child Breastfeeding

For a dehydrated child, more frequent breastfeeding is helpful.

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Philippine law for traditional health care

RA 8423 created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care.

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Urgent Return to Facility

A child should be immediately returned to the health facility if they have pus drainage in the ears or experience vomiting everything they eat.

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Acupressure

A complementary therapy that involves applying pressure to specific points on the body to relieve pain, improve circulation, and promote overall well-being.

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Emergency Obstetric Care Approach (EmOC)

A paradigm shift in maternal health care that focuses on providing immediate and life-saving interventions to pregnant women experiencing complications during labor and delivery.

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CMMNC features

A set of key characteristics for effective community-managed maternal and newborn care, including community education, strong referral systems, and accessible MCH services.

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Pre-eclampsia

A serious condition that develops during pregnancy, characterized by high blood pressure and signs of organ damage.

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Inter-local Health Zone (ILHZ)

A strategy where different municipalities collaborate and share resources, including personnel, to improve health services in a specific area.

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Yerba Buena

A type of herb that is recommended for lowering blood cholesterol levels and hypertension.

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Bawang

Another herb that is recommended to help lower blood cholesterol levels and hypertension.

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Lagundi

This herb is commonly used to relieve coughs and colds, with other potential benefits but not specifically for cholesterol or hypertension.

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Birth Planning

A process where a pregnant mother makes decisions about where she will give birth, who will support her during labor and delivery, and other important details.

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Antenatal Care Visits

Regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and baby.

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Essential Antenatal Services

Important healthcare services provided during pregnancy to ensure the well-being of the mother and baby.

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HIV Vaccine for Pregnant Women

Vaccinations given to pregnant women positive with HIV to slow down the progression of the virus.

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Major Cause of Maternal Deaths from Abortion

The most frequent reason for maternal deaths due to abortion complications.

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Child Spacing

The recommended timeframe between pregnancies to allow for the mother's body to recover and for the family to prepare for another child.

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Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF)

Essential care provided to infants and young children involving exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months, continued breastfeeding up to 2 years, and no food other than breastmilk during the first 6 months.

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Breastfeeding Support in Hospitals

Hospitals are mandated to promote breastfeeding and allow mothers to stay with their babies after delivery to facilitate breastfeeding.

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Kangaroo Mother Care

A method where a low birth weight baby is held skin-to-skin with their mother, providing warmth, comfort, and bonding benefits.

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Delayed Bathing of Newborn

The World Health Organization (WHO) and DOH recommend delaying bathing of newborns for at least 6 hours after delivery to allow the baby to adjust to the outside world.

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Essential Newborn Care

A series of immediate and critical steps performed right after birth to ensure the newborn's health and well-being, including drying the baby thoroughly.

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Three Delays Model of Maternal Deaths

A framework that explains the delays in seeking medical care during pregnancy and childbirth, ultimately leading to maternal deaths.

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First Delay: Delay in Deciding to Seek Care

The initial delay in recognizing danger signs and deciding to seek medical help during pregnancy.

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Second Delay: Delay in Reaching a Health Facility

The delay in reaching a health facility due to factors such as lack of transportation, money, or available caregivers.

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Third Delay: Delay in Receiving Appropriate Care

The delay in receiving timely and effective care at the health facility due to factors like staff shortages, lack of supplies, or inadequate skills.

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Best Time for IYCF and Family Planning Counseling

The ideal time for a PHN to provide counseling on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and family planning is during the antenatal (prenatal) visits.

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Study Notes

Situation 1

  • Health policy needs to address inequities in health service access, particularly for the poor.
  • Community Health Nurses play a crucial role in realizing Universal Health Care by raising health awareness and referring patients to facilities.
  • Health Sector Reform Agenda, or "Formula One for Health", is the current Comprehensive Health Reform.
  • Universal Health Care and Primary Health Care are relevant aspects of comprehensive health reform.
  • Programs to eliminate or control communicable and non-communicable diseases are important for Sustainable Development Goal #3.
  • Both communicable and non-communicable diseases are targeted in achieving SDG 3.
  • The poor and people with disabilities are mandated to enroll in PhilHealth.
  • Local Development Councils, Women's Health Organizations, and Community Health Teams are key to public health program implementation.
  • Youth Leaders participate in health program formation.

Situation 2

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed "People-Centered Health Care" in 2008, emphasizing community involvement in health.
  • This framework is a reaffirmation of the Alma Ata Conference (1978) in prioritizing health care for the communities to enable the people to actively take care of their health.
  • Community mobilization for disaster and health emergency planning shows people's active participation in health initiatives.
  • People's active participation includes organizing free medical missions, food programs, and health awareness.
  • Community health nurses must build people's capacity to make health decisions.
  • This includes participation in health meetings, knowledge about informed consent , increased health-seeking behavior.
  • Vulnerable sectors in communities must be prioritized, which include children of poor families, women of reproductive age, people with disabilities, and elderly people..

Other Information

  • Vaccines should be discarded within 6 hours or at the end of the immunization session.

  • HIV testing is not a precondition for employment, university admission, or travel.

  • Oral hygiene and nutrition education is important in community health programs.

  • Basic principles of Immunization programs are important for providing quality care.

  • Effective community action to address health issues (community mobilization) is integral.

  • Public health nurses should ensure programs target vulnerable populations( children of poor families, women of reproductive age, people with disabilities, and elderly people)

  • Common diseases affecting Filipino adolescents are caused by deterioration of family values, new technologies, climate change, and peer pressure.

  • Health issues facing Filipino adolescents include domestic violence.

  • Violence against women and children (VAWC) is a critical public health problem, but often victims are silenced due to societal pressures and fear.

  • Malaria, schistosomiasis, and filariasis are significant diseases in the Philippines.

  • Understanding how to prepare and administer herbal remedies (infusion, decoction etc.) is a part of community health.

  • Community and individual health programs are crucial to prevent and reduce premature deaths.

  • Community organizations play an essential role in implementing community health initiatives.

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