8 Questions
What is the primary goal of health policy?
To achieve specific healthcare goals
What is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events known as?
Epidemiology
What is a key concept in epidemiology that measures the ratio of the odds of an outcome in an exposed group to the odds of an outcome in an unexposed group?
Odds ratio
What type of health disparities refers to differences in health outcomes and healthcare access among different racial and ethnic groups?
Racial and ethnic disparities
What is the primary goal of global health governance?
To promote international cooperation
Which of the following is an example of a global health security threat?
Pandemics and outbreaks
What is the term for diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites?
Infectious diseases
What is an example of a type of infectious disease that is transmitted through contaminated water?
Waterborne disease
Study Notes
Health Policy
- Definition: A set of decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals
- Importance: Shapes healthcare systems, services, and outcomes
- Key components:
- Policy formulation
- Policy implementation
- Policy evaluation
- Influencing factors:
- Political and economic context
- Social and cultural norms
- International agreements and treaties
Epidemiology
- Definition: Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events, diseases, or health-related characteristics among populations
- Key concepts:
- Incidence and prevalence
- Mortality and morbidity rates
- Odds ratio and relative risk
- Case-control and cohort studies
- Epidemiological methods:
- Surveillance and monitoring
- Outbreak investigation
- Experimental and observational studies
Health Disparities
- Definition: Differences in health outcomes and health care access among different population groups
- Types of disparities:
- Racial and ethnic disparities
- Socioeconomic disparities
- Geographic disparities
- Causes of disparities:
- Social determinants of health
- Healthcare system factors
- Policy and regulatory factors
- Interventions to reduce disparities:
- Health education and outreach
- Cultural competency training
- Policy changes and advocacy
Global Health Governance
- Definition: The system of rules, norms, and institutions that regulate global health
- Key actors:
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- World Trade Organization (WTO)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
- Global health governance frameworks:
- International Health Regulations (IHR)
- World Health Assembly (WHA) resolutions
- Global health treaties and agreements
Infectious Diseases
- Definition: Diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
- Types of infectious diseases:
- Respiratory diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis)
- Waterborne diseases (e.g., cholera, dysentery)
- Vector-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue fever)
- Global health security threats:
- Pandemics and outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19, Ebola)
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
- Vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g., measles, polio)
Health Policy
- Health policy is a set of decisions, plans, and actions undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals, shaping healthcare systems, services, and outcomes
- Policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation are key components
- Influencing factors include political and economic context, social and cultural norms, and international agreements and treaties
Epidemiology
- Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events, diseases, or health-related characteristics among populations
- Key concepts include incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity rates, odds ratio, relative risk, and case-control and cohort studies
- Epidemiological methods encompass surveillance and monitoring, outbreak investigation, and experimental and observational studies
Health Disparities
- Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes and healthcare access among different population groups
- Types of disparities include racial and ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities
- Causes of disparities involve social determinants of health, healthcare system factors, and policy and regulatory factors
- Interventions to reduce disparities include health education and outreach, cultural competency training, and policy changes and advocacy
Global Health Governance
- Global health governance refers to the system of rules, norms, and institutions that regulate global health
- Key actors include the World Health Organization (WHO), World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
- Global health governance frameworks consist of International Health Regulations (IHR), World Health Assembly (WHA) resolutions, and global health treaties and agreements
Infectious Diseases
- Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
- Types of infectious diseases include respiratory diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis), waterborne diseases (e.g., cholera, dysentery), and vector-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue fever)
- Global health security threats include pandemics and outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19, Ebola), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g., measles, polio)
Test your knowledge on health policy, its importance, and key components. Also, explore the basics of epidemiology, the study of health-related events and determinants.
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