Health Policy and Epidemiology Quiz

Study Notes

Definition: A set of decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals
Importance: Shapes healthcare systems, services, and outcomes
Key components:
- Policy formulation
- Policy implementation
- Policy evaluation
Influencing factors:
- Political and economic context
- Social and cultural norms
- International agreements and treaties

Definition: Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events, diseases, or health-related characteristics among populations
Key concepts:
- Incidence and prevalence
- Mortality and morbidity rates
- Odds ratio and relative risk
- Case-control and cohort studies
Epidemiological methods:
- Surveillance and monitoring
- Outbreak investigation
- Experimental and observational studies

Definition: Differences in health outcomes and health care access among different population groups
Types of disparities:
- Racial and ethnic disparities
- Socioeconomic disparities
- Geographic disparities
Causes of disparities:
- Social determinants of health
- Healthcare system factors
- Policy and regulatory factors
Interventions to reduce disparities:
- Health education and outreach
- Cultural competency training
- Policy changes and advocacy

Definition: The system of rules, norms, and institutions that regulate global health
Key actors:
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- World Trade Organization (WTO)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
Global health governance frameworks:
- International Health Regulations (IHR)
- World Health Assembly (WHA) resolutions
- Global health treaties and agreements

Definition: Diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
Types of infectious diseases:
- Respiratory diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis)
- Waterborne diseases (e.g., cholera, dysentery)
- Vector-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue fever)
Global health security threats:
- Pandemics and outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19, Ebola)
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
- Vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g., measles, polio)

Health policy is a set of decisions, plans, and actions undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals, shaping healthcare systems, services, and outcomes
Policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation are key components
Influencing factors include political and economic context, social and cultural norms, and international agreements and treaties

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events, diseases, or health-related characteristics among populations
Key concepts include incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity rates, odds ratio, relative risk, and case-control and cohort studies
Epidemiological methods encompass surveillance and monitoring, outbreak investigation, and experimental and observational studies

Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes and healthcare access among different population groups
Types of disparities include racial and ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities
Causes of disparities involve social determinants of health, healthcare system factors, and policy and regulatory factors
Interventions to reduce disparities include health education and outreach, cultural competency training, and policy changes and advocacy

Global health governance refers to the system of rules, norms, and institutions that regulate global health
Key actors include the World Health Organization (WHO), World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
Global health governance frameworks consist of International Health Regulations (IHR), World Health Assembly (WHA) resolutions, and global health treaties and agreements

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
Types of infectious diseases include respiratory diseases (e.g., influenza, tuberculosis), waterborne diseases (e.g., cholera, dysentery), and vector-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue fever)
Global health security threats include pandemics and outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19, Ebola), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g., measles, polio)