Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of Health Information Systems (HIS)?
What is the primary purpose of Health Information Systems (HIS)?
- To provide treatment recommendations to healthcare providers
- To conduct clinical trials for new medications
- To diagnose health conditions in patients
- To estimate the size and trend of health problems in the community (correct)
Which of the following best describes the data collection method of a notification system?
Which of the following best describes the data collection method of a notification system?
- Information is compiled from health service users only.
- Information is collected continuously without any specific prompting.
- Information is actively gathered through surveys.
- Information is collected passively and requires someone to report it. (correct)
What type of data does a population-based HIS gather?
What type of data does a population-based HIS gather?
- Data regarding only those who have sought medical assistance.
- Data about patients enrolled in health programs.
- Data exclusively from healthcare providers.
- Data from all individuals within a community. (correct)
Which stage is NOT part of designing a questionnaire?
Which stage is NOT part of designing a questionnaire?
What type of survey method is best for assessing the incidence and prevalence of health issues?
What type of survey method is best for assessing the incidence and prevalence of health issues?
Which of these is an example of continuous data collection within HIS?
Which of these is an example of continuous data collection within HIS?
What objective do filter questions serve in a questionnaire?
What objective do filter questions serve in a questionnaire?
Which of the following is a purpose of HIS?
Which of the following is a purpose of HIS?
What is the primary purpose of a pilot test in research?
What is the primary purpose of a pilot test in research?
Which of the following best describes the Likert Scale?
Which of the following best describes the Likert Scale?
What does reliability refer to in the context of measurement?
What does reliability refer to in the context of measurement?
Mandatory notification diseases (MND) serve which of the following purposes?
Mandatory notification diseases (MND) serve which of the following purposes?
What is a key activity of the epidemiological surveillance system?
What is a key activity of the epidemiological surveillance system?
Health information systems primarily help in managing which of the following?
Health information systems primarily help in managing which of the following?
What is the significance of epidemiological surveillance in public health?
What is the significance of epidemiological surveillance in public health?
Which of the following is NOT a method used for reporting in mandatory notification diseases?
Which of the following is NOT a method used for reporting in mandatory notification diseases?
Which qualitative attribute of early surveillance (ES) refers to how easy it is to understand and implement?
Which qualitative attribute of early surveillance (ES) refers to how easy it is to understand and implement?
What is a defining characteristic of a relevant increase in disease cases during an outbreak?
What is a defining characteristic of a relevant increase in disease cases during an outbreak?
Which step comes first in the procedures for managing an outbreak?
Which step comes first in the procedures for managing an outbreak?
What can be classified as a probable case of disease?
What can be classified as a probable case of disease?
Which type of diseases is caused by the transmission from animals to humans?
Which type of diseases is caused by the transmission from animals to humans?
Which of the following tests confirms a diagnosis by detecting the germ in a sample from the body?
Which of the following tests confirms a diagnosis by detecting the germ in a sample from the body?
What aspect of outbreak management involves summarizing the number of cases over time?
What aspect of outbreak management involves summarizing the number of cases over time?
Which category of diseases includes influenza and is preventable by vaccination?
Which category of diseases includes influenza and is preventable by vaccination?
What is the primary objective of the Microbiological Surveillance Network (Red MIVA)?
What is the primary objective of the Microbiological Surveillance Network (Red MIVA)?
What role does epidemiological surveying play in disease monitoring?
What role does epidemiological surveying play in disease monitoring?
How is data sent to the central systems from microbiological laboratories?
How is data sent to the central systems from microbiological laboratories?
What characterizes the control methods for disease management?
What characterizes the control methods for disease management?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the Red MIVA process?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the Red MIVA process?
What does the standardization of information in Red MIVA help achieve?
What does the standardization of information in Red MIVA help achieve?
What is involved in the classification of each case within Red MIVA?
What is involved in the classification of each case within Red MIVA?
What is the primary focus of control methods in disease management?
What is the primary focus of control methods in disease management?
Study Notes
Health Information Systems (HIS)
- HIS facilitates assessment of health problems' size and trends in communities.
- Functions include identifying facts, data collection, verification, analysis, and dissemination of results and recommendations.
- HIS is a dynamic, continuous surveillance system targeting the onset and distribution of diseases.
Uses of HIS
- Estimates the magnitude and trend of health issues.
- Assesses impact of health interventions.
- Transmits information to citizens, government, and decision-makers.
- Classified into population-based systems (data from all individuals) and health service-based systems (data from users of health services).
Public Health Applications of HIS
- Surveys: Collect data through interviews, medical examinations, and questionnaires to assess incidence, prevalence, and frequency.
- Records: Continuous data collection such as mortality, birth, and disease records.
- Notification Systems: Passive data collection through reports of traffic accidents, occupational diseases, and mandatory notifications.
Questionnaire Design Stages
- Define needed information and select the questionnaire type.
- Develop clear and essential questions, avoiding ambiguity.
- Structure the questionnaire logically, starting with general questions.
- Implement grading and coding norms for quantifiable data.
Reliability and Validity
- Reliability: Consistency in results upon repeating the questionnaire.
- Validity: Accurately measures the intended concept.
Pilot Testing and Likert Scale
- Conduct a small-scale pilot test to refine the questionnaire.
- Use Likert Scale for quantifying subjective data into numerical values.
Surveillance Systems
- Employed to control communicable diseases through mandatory reporting of specific diseases.
- MND (Mandatory Notification Diseases) includes both urgent (e.g., cholera) and non-urgent diseases (e.g., hepatitis B).
Objectives of Epidemiological Surveillance
- Identify health problems and inform public health interventions.
- Generate hypotheses for further epidemiological research.
Activities of Epidemiological Surveillance Systems
- Systematic collection and analysis of relevant data.
- Distribution of information and recommendations to healthcare professionals.
Epidemiological Surveillance Attributes
- Qualitative: Characteristics include simplicity, flexibility, and acceptability.
- Quantitative: Attributes include sensitivity, representativeness, speed, and cost-effectiveness.
Diseases Monitored
- Infectious diseases (e.g., influenza), food and waterborne diseases (e.g., salmonellosis), airborne diseases (e.g., tuberculosis), vector-related diseases, and others.
Outbreak Procedures
- Confirm outbreak existence, define cases, and conduct epidemiological surveys.
- Collect data, test hypotheses, and implement control measures.
Disease Identification and Monitoring
- Clinical definitions identify cases based on symptoms.
- Laboratory diagnostic criteria confirm diagnoses via scientific tests.
- Classification of cases into suspicious, probable, and confirmed.
Microbiological Surveillance Network (Red MIVA)
- A surveillance and research information system for microbiological results collection and analysis.
- Aims to detect epidemic outbreaks and emergent diseases while guiding treatment decisions for infectious diseases.
Red MIVA Steps
- Physicians request analysis from microbiology labs, where results are logged and transmitted to central systems.
- Data is standardized and encrypted before submission.
- Cases are classified geographically, and information visualized on location maps.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in health information systems, including grading and coding norms, reliability and validity, and the use of the Likert scale. Additionally, it addresses pilot testing and the role of records in health services. Test your understanding of these crucial topics in health informatics.
