Health Impacts of Occupation and Age

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic appearance of diastasis of rectus abdominis?

A deep and retracted umbilicus

Vertical elongation at the sides of the midline (correct)

Discoloration of the abdominal skin

Asymmetrical bulging on one side

What type of hernia is classified as postoperative eventration?

Hernia appearing in the scar of an abdominal surgical procedure (correct)

Umbilical hernia

Inguinal hernia

Hiatal hernia

What change in color of the abdominal skin may indicate jaundice?

Red

Bronze

Pale

Yellowish (correct)

In cases of intestinal obstruction, how are bowel sounds affected?

Increased above the obstruction and reduced below it Signup and view all the answers

What does the palpation method begin with in an abdominal examination?

Superficial palpation of the abdominal surface Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of a visceral issue that can be observed during examination?

Constriction of the intestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abdominal sound may become intensified and more frequent?

Sounds during diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

In the context of umbilical cicatrix, which factor can cause displacement?

Presences of abdominal tumors like liver or spleen Signup and view all the answers

What type of vomiting is characterized by the expulsion of undigested food?

Alimentary vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vomiting is associated with gastric mucus and typically indicates gastritis?

Mucous vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely color and taste of bile vomiting?

Yellowish-green with a bitter taste Signup and view all the answers

What defines diarrhea as chronic?

If it lasts more than two weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly associated with hematemesis?

Duodenal ulcer Signup and view all the answers

What is a principal cause of infectious diarrhea?

Bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vomiting is characterized by a fecal smell and dark brown color?

Feculent vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes watery vomiting?

Clear appearance and abundant volume Signup and view all the answers

What does melena indicate?

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can cause jaundice?

Acute hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically associated with acute abdomen?

Severe pain that appears suddenly Signup and view all the answers

What condition is more common in males than females regarding the digestive system?

Crohn's disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occupations is associated with the risk of developing hemorrhoids?

Truck drivers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could indicate ascites during an abdominal inspection?

General abdominal protrusion Signup and view all the answers

What might dark colored urine signify in the context of jaundice?

Choluria Signup and view all the answers

What dietary habit can lead to dyspepsia and gastritis?

Abundant and spicy food without a set schedule Signup and view all the answers

Nausea can indicate which of the following elevated conditions?

Atonic stomach Signup and view all the answers

What condition could lead to a 'flat abdomen' during a physical examination?

Prolonged starvation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with acute abdominal pain?

Chronic hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of chronic alcohol consumption on the digestive system?

Gastritis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hernias can contribute to abdominal shape deformations?

Umbilical, inguinal, and epigastric hernias Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically accompanied by neurovegetative manifestations like sweating and salivation?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What is a common health issue associated with long-term exposure to lead or lead salts in occupations?

Acute hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

Familial predisposition for which of the following diseases is noted in the context of personal medical history?

Duodenal ulcer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Filiación

Inflammatory processes are more common in childhood and adolescence, while neoplasias are more common in adults and elderly people.
In men:
Neoplasms are more common in the lip, tongue, esophagus, and stomach.
Gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcers, intrahepatic obstructive jaundice, and Crohn's disease are also prevalent.
In women:
- Gallstones, gallbladder neoplasia, extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, dyspeptic dystonia, and constipation are more common.

Occupation

Working with lead or lead salts can lead to acute and chronic gastroenteritis, acute hepatitis, and colic.
Mercury exposure can cause cholera-like gastroenteritis.
Shepherds are at risk for hydatid cysts due to contact with cattle and dogs.
Truck and taxi drivers may develop hemorrhoids due to prolonged periods of sitting.
Occupations with high stress levels can contribute to peptic gastroduodenal ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, and ulcerative colitis.

Housing

Limited access to water supply and sewage systems can lead to parasitic infections, gastrointestinal infections, and hepatitis.

Diet

Diets rich in spicy or overly seasoned food, without a set schedule, can cause dyspepsia and gastritis.

Antecedentes Familiares

There is a familial predisposition for cancer and duodenal ulcer.

Antecedentes Patológicos

Prior diseases of the digestive system, including stomach cancer, gastroduodenal ulcers, and colitis.
Secondary digestive issues related to other organic processes: for example, uremia due to renal failure can lead to anorexia, vomiting, and epigastralgia.

Hábitos Nocivos

Alcohol consumption can lead to dyspepsia and gastritis.
Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing neoplasias.

Nausea

Nausea can be a sign of various issues:
- Acute gastritis, especially after spicy food or alcohol consumption.
- Chronic gastritis in habitual drinkers and smokers.
- Ascariasis, which typically subsides after eating.
- Hypotonic or atonic stomachs.
- Gastric cancer.

Vomiting

Vomiting is a reflex act that expels gastric contents through the mouth.
It can be:
- Alimentary (common, composed of undigested food).
- Mucous (indicative of gastritis, characterized by gastric mucus floating in gastric juice).
- Watery (abundant, clear, and usually associated with gastroduodenal ulcers with pyloric obstruction).
- Bile (occurs in duodenal reflux, bitter taste, yellowish or greenish color).
- Porraceous (greenish dark, slightly fetid, appears in acute peritonitis, acute dilatation of the stomach, and high-level intestinal obstruction).
- Feculent (dark brown, diarrheic, fecal smell, seen in low-level intestinal obstruction and gastrocolic fistulas due to ulcerated gastric cancer).

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is the passage of loose or liquid feces more than three times a day.
Acute diarrhea usually lasts one or two days, while persistent diarrhea lasting over two weeks is considered chronic.
Causes include:
- Infectious diarrhea (common in environments with poor hygiene and sanitary conditions).
- Non-infectious diarrhea (food intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, hyperthyroidism, drug side effects).

Hematemesis

Hematemesis is the vomiting of fresh, undigested blood, usually abundant, originating from the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus (Upper Gastrointestinal bleeding).
The most common causes are gastric or duodenal ulcers and esophageal varices due to portal hypertension.

Melena

Passage of dark, tarry, foul-smelling stools, caused by digested blood in the stomach and intestines.
Indicates upper gastrointestinal bleeding from sources like gastroduodenal ulcers, cirrhosis, or ruptured esophageal varices.

Jaundice

Yellowish coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in bilirubin concentration in the blood.
May be accompanied by choluria (dark urine) and acolia (light-colored feces).
Causes include:
- Increased red blood cell destruction rate (hemolysis).
- Liver diseases (acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis).
- Biliary obstruction (gallstones, tumors in the biliary system or pancreas).

Acute Abdominal Pain

Severe pain that appears in a matter of hours or days.
Can be caused by conditions such as:
- Aortic abdominal aneurysm.
- Appendicitis.
- Cholecystitis.
- Diverticulitis.
- Intestinal obstruction.
- Pancreatitis.
- Peritonitis.

Inspection

General or Global Modifications in Abdominal Shape and Volume:
- Protrusion:
  - Obesity (excessive thickness of the abdominal wall with flatulence).
  - Ascites (fluid accumulation in the peritoneum).
  - Peritoneal hydatidosis (multiple hydatid cysts in the peritoneum with fluid accumulation).
  - Acute peritonitis (usually associated with peritoneal exudate).
  - Pneumoperitoneum (gas present outside of the intestines in the abdomen).
  - Meteorism (accumulated gas in the intestines).
  - Visceral tumors (abdominal protrusion as they grow).
- Depression or Indentation:
  - General or global: Flattened or hollowed-out abdomen (flat abdomen, bathtub abdomen).
  - Prolonged starvation, emaciation (wasting syndrome) and dehydration.
  - Marked contraction of abdominal muscles.
  - Partial or regional: Localized deformations originating in the abdominal organs or wall.
  - Parietal:
    - Hernias (umbilical, inguinal, epigastric).
    - Diastasis of rectus abdominis (vertical elongation at the sides of the midline).
    - Postoperative eventration (hernias in abdominal surgical scar).
    - Parieto-abdominal tumors (fibromas, angioma, sarcoma).
  - Visceral:
    - Stomach (distension from pyloric obstruction).
    - Intestine (constriction, visible peristalsis in intestinal obstruction).
    - Gallbladder (inflammation visible with size increase).
    - Pancreas (expansion between the xiphoid process and the navel).
Skin Alterations:
- Color:
  - Yellowish (jaundice), pale (anemia), or bronze (cirrhosis).
- Appearance:
  - Tense, smooth, and shiny (distended abdomens).
Umbilical Cicatrix:
- Position: Displaced by liver or spleen tumors.
- Shape and size: Deeper in obesity, expands and flattens with increased abdominal contents.
Venous Network: Dilated veins in portal hypertension, indicating collateral circulation.

Auscultation

Listen to normal abdominal sounds.
Sounds intensify during diarrhea.
Sounds weaken during flatulence, paralytic ileus, and peritoneal reactions.
Sounds are increased above the obstruction and reduced below it in intestinal obstruction.

Palpation

Requires patience and practice.
Performed in two stages:
- Superficial palpation: Gentle exploration of the surface and abdominal tension.
- Deep palpation: Deeper, more thorough exploration of abdominal structures.

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Description

This quiz explores the relationship between age, occupation, and various health conditions. It covers common inflammatory processes in youth and prevalent neoplasias in adults, as well as occupational hazards that can lead to severe gastrointestinal issues. Test your knowledge on how lifestyle and work environments impact health outcomes.