Health Education and Promotion

Health education: the process of providing people with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to make informed decisions about their health
Health promotion: the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health
Goals:
- Improve health literacy
- Increase healthy behaviors
- Reduce health inequities
- Empower individuals and communities to take control of their health

Health Belief Model (HBM): explains how individuals perceive and respond to health threats
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): explains how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence behavior
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT): explains how people learn and adopt new behaviors
Transtheoretical Model (TTM): explains the stages of behavior change

Health education is a process that empowers individuals with knowledge, skills, and attitudes to make informed decisions about their health.
Health promotion enables people to increase control over their health and its determinants, leading to improved health outcomes.
Goals of health education and promotion include improving health literacy, increasing healthy behaviors, reducing health inequities, and empowering individuals and communities.

Health Belief Model (HBM) explains how individuals perceive and respond to health threats based on perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers.
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) explains how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence behavior.
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) explains how people learn and adopt new behaviors through observation, reinforcement, and self-efficacy.
Transtheoretical Model (TTM) explains the stages of behavior change, including pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

Schools integrate health education into their curriculum to reach students and promote healthy behaviors.
Workplaces implement wellness programs and health promotion initiatives to improve employee health and productivity.
Communities benefit from community-based programs and outreach services that address specific health needs.
Healthcare settings provide patient education and counseling to promote healthy behaviors and disease management.
Online and digital platforms offer e-health and m-health initiatives that increase access to health information and services.

Educational programs and workshops provide structured learning experiences to promote healthy behaviors.
Mass media campaigns reach large audiences and promote health awareness and behaviors.
Community-based initiatives and outreach programs engage with communities and promote healthy behaviors.
Policy and environmental changes create supportive environments that promote healthy behaviors.
Individual counseling and coaching provide personalized support and guidance for behavior change.
Peers and social support networks provide emotional support and encouragement for healthy behaviors.

Process evaluation assesses program implementation and fidelity to ensure programs are delivered as intended.
Outcome evaluation assesses program effectiveness and impact on health outcomes and behaviors.
Impact evaluation assesses program effects on health outcomes and behaviors over time.
Economic evaluation assesses program costs and cost-effectiveness to ensure efficient use of resources.

Cultural competence and sensitivity are essential to ensure programs are responsive to diverse populations.
Inclusivity and accessibility ensure that programs reach marginalized and underserved populations.
Empowerment and participation involve individuals and communities in the design and implementation of programs.
Addressing health inequities and disparities is critical to promoting health and reducing health inequities.
Ensuring sustainability and scalability is essential to maintain program effectiveness over time.