Health Communication Chapter 7 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant change in the HESPA II 2020 model compared to earlier approaches by NCHEC?

  • Advocacy and communication are separated into distinct areas. (correct)
  • Advocacy and communication are merged.
  • Communication is no longer a focus of health education.
  • Health education now only focuses on communication.

    • Health education specialists never engage with the media.

    False

    In a community setting, what type of organization might a health education specialist develop program materials for?

    A disease-specific organization, such as one for heart disease.

    A health education specialist may develop resources to help lobby for __________, resolutions, or legislation.

    <p>funding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a task of a health education specialist on a collegiate campus?

    <p>Creating a tobacco-free campus initiative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Planning and implementation are not necessary steps in health communication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following roles with their corresponding responsibilities:

    <p>Health Education Specialist = Developing program materials Media Engagement = Promoting initiatives to the public Communication Needs Assessment = Identifying target audience requirements Advocacy = Lobbying for funding or legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the needs assessment process?

    <p>Determine the purpose of the needs assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary data is data that someone else has collected and analyzed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of data mentioned that can be used in a needs assessment?

    <p>Primary data and secondary data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The needs assessment process includes identifying the focus of the ______.

    <p>training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Primary Data = Data collected firsthand Secondary Data = Data collected by someone else Needs Assessment = Process to identify training requirements Health Literacy = Understanding health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common source of reliable health information?

    <p>Peer-reviewed journals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is unnecessary to use multiple sources of information to ensure accuracy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key skill health educators need in the 21st century?

    <p>Finding good sources of accurate information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health educators should always be aware of their available ______.

    <p>resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential downside of the vast amount of health information available?

    <p>Overwhelming volume of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health educators should rely solely on governmental sources for information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one major professional association considered a legitimate source of information.

    <p>American Medical Association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The needs assessment process can help identify factors linked to a lack of ______.

    <p>sufficient knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sources with their characteristics:

    <p>Books = Can vary in reliability Peer-reviewed articles = Generally reliable and accurate Government sources = Tend to offer credible information Personal testimonials = Subjective and potentially biased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Americans speak English at home?

    <p>78%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language is the second most commonly spoken at home in the United States?

    <p>Chinese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only 12% of U.S. adults have proficient health literacy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with proficient health literacy are more likely to report their health as poor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability to read and understand text related to health?

    <p>Health literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the United States, the most commonly spoken language at home, after English, is ______.

    <p>Spanish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prose literacy, numeracy, and cultural competency are all components of ______.

    <p>health literacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following health literacy levels with their corresponding characteristics:

    <p>Proficient = Ability to understand complex health information Below Basic = Limited ability to read simple texts Basic = Ability to perform simple, everyday tasks Intermediate = Can interpret documents or charts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is at greater risk for low health literacy?

    <p>Older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one essential skill related to numeracy in health literacy?

    <p>Understanding medication dosages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low numeracy can hinder a person's ability to read nutrition labels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many people with ______ literacy levels take longer to read and may give up partway through a piece of text.

    <p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of health literacy?

    <p>Emotional intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one strategy for producing readable health materials?

    <p>Use plain language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Health literacy = Ability to navigate healthcare systems Numeracy = Understanding and using numbers Cultural competency = Ability to interact with diverse populations Prose literacy = Ability to read and write text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sentences is an example of passive voice?

    <p>The ball was thrown at the dog.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active voice is typically more difficult to understand than passive voice.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using the teach-back method?

    <p>To assess how well information has been understood by the audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary structure of active voice is ______________.

    <p>subject-verb-object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the communication channels with their characteristics:

    <p>Print Channels = Best avoided for low literacy audiences Visual Supports = Useful for audiences with low science literacy Video = Can engage audiences effectively Interpersonal Channels = Allow assessment of learning through interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for a general audience in terms of reading level?

    <p>Sixth to eighth grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using teach-back only needs to occur once at the end of a lesson.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the teach-back method simulate?

    <p>A situation where learners are on their own trying to use the information or skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have a form of the verb 'to be' and a past participle, it is likely ______________ voice.

    <p>passive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can help identify misunderstandings in a student’s learning?

    <p>Teach-back method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Channel selection is irrelevant in communication planning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one tool that can help assess the readability of text.

    <p>Readability programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A health educator might use posters, social media, and digital media boards to disseminate _____________ messages.

    <p>stress-reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of sentences to their voices:

    <p>Active Voice = Emphasizes the subject performing an action Passive Voice = Obscures the actor by omitting them Teach-back = A method to verify understanding Readability Checker = Assesses the reading level of text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tailored messaging?

    <p>Creating materials customized for a specific individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tailored health messages are generally more effective than targeted messages.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should health educators consider when segmenting an audience?

    <p>Demographics, stage of change, knowledge, attitudes, and health literacy level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People who are in the _______ stage of change may need awareness-raising messages.

    <p>precontemplation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following health communication theories/models with their descriptions:

    <p>McGuire’s Persuasive Communication = Components of successful communication Elaboration Likelihood Model = Central vs. peripheral processing in persuasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of McGuire's 12 steps in behavior change?

    <p>Processing important statistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Audience segmentation is only based on demographics like age and sex.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main premise of the Elaboration Likelihood Model?

    <p>People pay more attention and elaborate on information when engaged or interested in a behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In health messaging, materials should be tailored to distinct _______.

    <p>subgroups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which delivery method is NOT mentioned as a way to communicate the importance of follow-up care?

    <p>Email newsletters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tailored messages require knowledge of the audience's specific characteristics.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does McGuire's model provide evaluators an opportunity to identify failures in messaging?

    <p>By outlining linear and progressive steps that must be followed for effective communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following audience characteristics with their relevant needs:

    <p>First-time mother = Needs comprehensive information Experienced mother = Looking for quick and updated recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a peripheral cue in health messaging?

    <p>Celebrity endorsements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Messages on child care should not consider the audience's level of experience.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the marketing mix is described as a collection of offerings designed to increase audience engagement?

    <p>Promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effectiveness of a marketing intervention does not rely on understanding consumer behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four Ps involved in social marketing?

    <p>Product, Price, Place, Promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hill's criteria for causation, the ______ is the larger the association, the more likely it is causal.

    <p>Strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following criteria to their descriptions:

    <p>Strength = The larger the association, the more likely it is causal. Consistency = Consistent findings by different researchers strengthen the causal likelihood. Specificity = The more specific an association, the larger the chance of causation. Plausibility = Does the relationship seem reasonable or possible?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of promotion was included in the VERB campaign?

    <p>Turnkey kits for schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Channels for communication are selected based on the message and audience needs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-efficacy measure in the Extended Parallel Processing Model?

    <p>The belief in one's ability to control the risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be verified about the information source when assessing online health information?

    <p>Credibility of the source, funding, original authorship, review process, and last update.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A website with the domain name .gov is associated with a ______ agency.

    <p>government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Extended Parallel Processing Model indicates that high severity and low self-efficacy will lead to behavior change.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two primary techniques through which educational entertainment promotes behavior change.

    <p>Promoting behavioral and social norms, and narrative transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of Hill's criteria suggests that greater exposure should lead to a greater effect?

    <p>Biological gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health educators typically disregard the review processes for health information published online.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In social marketing, the four Ps include product, _____, place, and promotion.

    <p>price</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following constructs of the Extended Parallel Processing Model with their definitions:

    <p>Self-efficacy = Belief in one's ability to control a risk Response efficacy = Belief that the action will mitigate the risk Susceptibility = Perceived likelihood of threat affecting the individual Severity = Perceived seriousness of the threat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social media platform is mentioned as popular among people ages 18 to 29?

    <p>Snapchat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of experimental evidence supports the criteria of ______ in establishing causation.

    <p>Experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential negative outcome of using fear-based messages?

    <p>Promoting denial or fatalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Educational entertainment has its roots solely in television.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following online health website characteristics with their descriptions:

    <p>.edu = Educational institutions .org = Professional organizations .gov = Government agencies .com = Commercial sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What campaign aimed to increase physical activity among youth ages 9 to 13?

    <p>VERB campaign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ is an approach that combines educational content with entertainment to engage the audience.

    <p>Educational Entertainment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of the VERB campaign with their correct terms:

    <p>Product = Physical activity Price = Cost of necessary equipment and time Place = Location where behavior should occur Promotion = Messages to encourage participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of social marketing focuses on where behavior needs to occur?

    <p>Place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of narrative transportation describes a situation where the audience is disengaged from the story.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social marketing, what should the focus be when determining 'price'?

    <p>The overall cost to the customer, including financial, time, safety, and emotional costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The four Ps in social marketing are product, price, place, and _____.

    <p>promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a focus area for the Extended Parallel Processing Model?

    <p>Predicting outcomes of fear-based messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of relying solely on analytics for evaluating communication materials?

    <p>Analytics alone may not gauge full impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comment sections on web platforms can help understand how materials are being received.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect that health educators must remember about communication?

    <p>Communication is a program that requires following systematic steps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Any evaluation is better than __________.

    <p>nothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following communication tools with their features:

    <p>Analytics = Help understand reach and spread of messages Comment sections = Provide audience feedback Evaluation = Systematic assessment of effectiveness Program steps = Required for effective communication planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is primarily responsible for coordinating international health within the United Nations' system?

    <p>World Health Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A .edu domain name guarantees that the information is accurate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two health-related agencies under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    <p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ can help you become familiar with foundations that you might need to investigate.

    <p>Foundation Center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following health organizations with their primary focus:

    <p>CDC = Disease Control and Prevention FDA = Food Safety and Regulation SAMHSA = Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services NIH = Medical Research and Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations is considered a valuable source of evidence-based programs?

    <p>Community Health Online Resource Center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Think tanks can be biased but still serve as valuable information sources.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of databases may require a membership or subscription to access?

    <p>CINAHL, PsycINFO, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is one of the go-to sources for medical and public health data.

    <p>MEDLINE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organizations to their associated domains:

    <p>American Cancer Society = <a href="http://www.cancer.org">www.cancer.org</a> American Red Cross = <a href="http://www.redcross.org">www.redcross.org</a> Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration = <a href="http://www.samhsa.gov">www.samhsa.gov</a> World Health Organization = <a href="http://www.who.int">www.who.int</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common drawback of using only one source of information in health education?

    <p>Lack of comprehensive understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Community-based organizations (CBOs) are always reliable sources of health information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a source for evidence-based HIV prevention interventions.

    <p>Effective Interventions: HIV Prevention that Works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ conducts systematic reviews relevant to public health.

    <p>Cochrane Database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one platform that can be used to assess website accessibility?

    <p>Website Accessibility Evaluation (WAVE) Tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accessibility considerations should only be made after materials have been developed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle for writing materials for an audience?

    <p>plain language principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ should be compliant with Section 508 so it can be read by screen readers for the visually impaired.

    <p>online information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following software tools with their main use:

    <p>Adobe InDesign = Graphic design and layout iMovie = Video editing Adobe Audition = Audio editing Canva.com = Online graphic design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which audience may NOT be considered in the dissemination of health education materials?

    <p>Fashion brands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pilot testing is an optional step in the material development process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Web 2.0 known for facilitating?

    <p>interactive and user-generated content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Utilizing __________ is essential for ensuring materials are culturally appropriate and engaging.

    <p>key informants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of dissemination methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Presentations = Formal talks to convey information Printed materials = Physical brochures and posters Lectures = Interactive educational discussions Electronic information = Digital formats such as videos and social media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of formative evaluation during material development?

    <p>To gather feedback from the intended audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All graphical elements must be avoided if the intended audience includes individuals with disabilities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which audience may be involved when disseminating health education materials?

    <p>Health departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___________ is a research-based tool designed to help develop and assess public communication materials.

    <p>CDC Clear Communication Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following resources with their purposes:

    <p>Coblis = Simulates how images appear to people with color blindness SAM instrument = Assesses content and design suitability WAVE Tool = Evaluates website accessibility for disabilities CDC Clear Communication Index = Guides public communication material development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social media platform is mentioned as having nearly three billion registered users?

    <p>Facebook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mobile technology is declining in use among adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one specific social media site relevant to health educators.

    <p>Academia.edu, CaringBridge, Doximity, or PatientsLikeMe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ of social media sites allows for easy advertisement targeting different demographics.

    <p>popularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following social media sites with their primary audience:

    <p>Facebook = General public Doximity = Medical professionals Pinterest = Women Twitter = African Americans and Latinos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using social media for health communication?

    <p>Rapid spread of misinformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blogs provide an unlimited space for exploring topics in depth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of American adults owned a smartphone according to a 2021 survey?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Programs like __________ utilize text messaging to deliver timely health information.

    <p>Text4Baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following evaluation types with their descriptions:

    <p>Process evaluation = Tracks fidelity to implementation Impact evaluation = Measures audience change after exposure Outcome evaluation = Analyzes long-term effects of a campaign Reach evaluation = Counts how many times a material is seen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is overrepresented on platforms like Twitter and Instagram?

    <p>African Americans and Latinos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health information delivered via social media requires constant monitoring.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge arises when trying to attract readers to blog content?

    <p>Competing for attention with other information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only a small percentage (less than __________%) of Americans use text-based health alerts.

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which campaign is noted for having thorough outcomes evaluation?

    <p>CDC’s Tips from Former Smokers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Health Communication Overview

    • Health communication is essential for health educators, encompassing assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
    • HESPA II 2020 model separates communication from advocacy, recognizing their significance as distinct fields.

    Roles of Health Education Specialists

    • Specialists must create diverse program materials, including pamphlets, websites, and social media content.
    • Responsibilities may include writing press releases, engaging with media, and providing resources to patients and organizations.
    • Community health specialists may plan campaigns like tobacco-free initiatives, requiring needs assessment and educational outreach.

    Needs Assessment Process

    • Assessing communication needs begins by determining the assessment's purpose and identifying existing data.
    • Data collection can be qualitative or quantitative; examples include health risk assessments or reviewing existing studies.
    • Resource limitations such as time, money, and staff must be taken into account during needs assessment.

    Valid Information Resources

    • Modern access to vast information poses challenges; it's important for health educators to discern credible sources.
    • Peer-reviewed articles and governmental sources are generally reliable, but verification from multiple sources is recommended.
    • Major professional associations provide authoritative information, though potential biases exist.

    Languages Spoken in the United States

    • Approximately 78% of Americans speak English at home; the most common languages include:
      • Spanish: 40,709,597 speakers
      • Chinese: 3,414,146 speakers
      • French: 2,060,721 speakers
      • Other languages rank lower in prevalence.

    Health Literacy Introduction

    • Health literacy influences how individuals comprehend and utilize health information.
    • Healthy People 2030 includes both personal and organizational definitions of health literacy.

    Importance of Health Literacy

    • Only 12% of U.S. adults possess proficient health literacy; 36% have insufficient levels for managing their health.
    • Individuals with low health literacy are more prone to report poor health status and lack health insurance.

    Populations at Risk for Low Health Literacy

    • Risk groups include older adults, ethnic minorities, individuals with lower education, low-income individuals, and nonnative English speakers.

    Components of Health Literacy

    • Health literacy comprises prose literacy, numeracy, and the capacity to navigate healthcare systems.
    • Cultural competency is also a critical aspect of health literacy.

    Understanding Numeracy

    • Numeracy skills are crucial for managing health metrics and understanding medical information like dosage and nutrition labels.
    • Low numeracy can hinder understanding of health insurance, medication dosing, and health risk communications.

    Tips for Creating Readable Materials

    • Use plain language and highlight key points upfront to enhance readability.
    • Organize information into smaller, digestible chunks and utilize formatting tools like headers and bullet points to aid navigation.
    • Include visuals to accompany complex data, and aim for a sixth- to eighth-grade reading level.

    Teach-Back Method

    • Teach-back is an effective technique to gauge understanding; it involves students reiterating information taught to them.
    • This method helps identify and rectify misunderstandings, ensuring that learners grasp essential knowledge.

    Channel Selection in Communication

    • Selecting communication channels requires consideration of audience receptivity, message clarity, and engagement.
    • Visual supports may be necessary for audiences with low literacy levels; budget constraints also influence channel selection.
    • A multifaceted approach combining various channels is often necessary to effectively reach and educate target populations.### Community Health Education Strategies
    • Community health educators aim to increase follow-up appointments for children with asthma through various methods like pamphlets, reminder calls, and partnerships with religious leaders.
    • New media's effectiveness, strengths, and weaknesses are essential considerations in outreach efforts.

    Message Tailoring and Targeting

    • Tailoring involves customizing messages for specific individuals, while targeting focuses on a defined audience segment.
    • Effective tailored messages consider factors such as demographics, knowledge, and health literacy levels.

    Audience Segmentation

    • Segmentation is vital for addressing distinct needs within different population groups, informed by characteristics such as belief systems and stages of behavioral change.
    • Understanding participants’ stages is crucial—those in precontemplation need awareness messages while those in action require reinforcement.

    Health Communication Theories

    • McGuire’s Persuasive Communication framework highlights essential components: credible source, intended audience, delivery channel, message design, and desired behavior outcomes.
    • The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) distinguishes between central processing (higher engagement) and peripheral processing (lesser engagement) based on individual interest levels.

    Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM)

    • EPPM utilizes constructs like self-efficacy and response efficacy to gauge decision-making influenced by fear appeals, predicting outcomes such as danger control or fear control.

    Educational Entertainment ("Edutainment")

    • Edutainment combines educational content within entertainment to engage audiences, proven effective in health education, notably in HIV awareness.
    • It utilizes narrative transportation to draw audiences into stories, potentially reducing stigma but also risking the promotion of negative behaviors.

    Social Marketing Principles

    • Social marketing aims to change health behaviors and involves four Ps: product (target health behavior), price (cost perceived by the audience), place (where behavior occurs), and promotion (engagement strategies).
    • The CDC’s VERB campaign exemplifies social marketing by promoting physical activity among youth through accessible messaging and giveaways.

    Health Communication Methods

    • A multitude of communication channels are available, with choice influenced by audience preferences and message appropriateness (e.g., signage versus hotline).
    • Understanding demographics is essential for selecting effective channels for disseminating health messages.

    Hill’s Criteria for Causation

    • Hill’s criteria help establish causation in epidemiology, encompassing strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy.

    Assessing Online Health Information

    • Evaluate credibility by considering the source, funding, originality, review processes, currency of information, and privacy policies.
    • Domain names (e.g., .gov, .edu, .org) offer insights into information reliability, with .gov and .edu generally regarded as most trustworthy.

    Trusted Health Information Resources

    • The World Health Organization and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services are examples of credible global and national health organizations.
    • Other federal resources include the CDC, FDA, NIH, and SAMHSA, providing authoritative health information and guidelines.### Trusted Health Information Sources
    • Highly credible organizations include the American Heart Association, American Cancer Society, and American Red Cross.
    • Understand the motives, funding, and methods of organizations before trusting their information.
    • The Foundation Center provides resources for investigating reputable foundations.
    • Notable foundations for health information: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Pew Internet and American Life Project.
    • Research centers, or think tanks, often have specific agendas; examples include Rand Corporation and Pew Research Center.

    Searchable Health Information Databases

    • CINAHL database focuses on allied health literature; membership needed for access.
    • Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR) offers clinical and program information; some content is free, other parts require a fee.
    • ERIC provides free access to educational journals related to health and school-aged children.
    • MEDLINE and PubMed are prime sources for medical and public health data; access is mostly free.
    • PsycINFO is a paid database for psychology and behavioral science literature.

    Sources for Evidence-Based Programs

    • Community Health Online Resource Center, Effective Interventions for HIV prevention, and Healthy People 2030 are essential resources for evidence-based practices.
    • SAMHSA’s National Registry and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force offer guidelines for effective health programs.

    Developing Communication Materials

    • Tailor materials based on audience needs assessments and theoretical foundations of communication.
    • Use design and production tools like Adobe InDesign, iMovie, or online applications like Canva.com.
    • Ensure materials are accessible, compliant with Section 508, and inclusive for various disabilities.
    • Resources for assessing materials include the WAVE tool, Coblis for color blindness simulation, and the CDC Clear Communication Index.

    Dissemination of Messages

    • Identify key stakeholders: program staff, funders, health departments, educational organizations, and community groups for effective message distribution.
    • Dissemination methods encompass presentations, printed materials, electronic communications, and interactive sessions.
    • Utilize various platforms based on audience preferences for effective engagement and feedback.

    New Media in Health Communication

    • Understanding and engaging with social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) is critical for health communicators.
    • 95% of American adults own cell phones; health apps and messaging can effectively reach audiences.
    • Blogs provide in-depth content but require frequent updates to retain reader interest.

    Evaluation of Communication Efforts

    • Regular evaluations measure the reach, impact, and effectiveness of communication materials and campaigns.
    • Process evaluations track implementation fidelity and audience reach, whereas impact evaluations assess knowledge, attitude, or behavior changes.
    • Utilize platform analytics to gauge material reception but be aware they may not show the full impact of health communications.

    Importance of Communication in Health Education

    • Communication is integral to health education; it must follow structured program steps for effectiveness.
    • Future chapters will explore leadership and management in health education overall.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on Chapter 7 of the health communication curriculum, specifically assessing communication needs and the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes. It reviews concepts from earlier chapters and introduces the HESPA II 2020 model as a significant change in health communication strategy.

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