Health Care History Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Who isolated radium in 1910?

Marie Curie

Who established the patterns of heredity?

Gregory Mendel

Who developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796?

Edward Jenner

Who described the circulation of blood to and from the heart?

William Harvey Signup and view all the answers

Who began public health and sanitation systems?

Romans Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered X-rays in 1895?

William Roentgen Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of medicine?

Hippocrates Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered penicillin in 1928?

Sir Alexander Fleming Signup and view all the answers

Who was the artist that used dissection to draw the human body?

Leonardo da Vinci Signup and view all the answers

What was emphasized during the Dark Ages regarding medicine?

Saving the soul, study of medicine was prohibited. Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the American Red Cross in 1881?

Clara Barton Signup and view all the answers

Who were the earliest people known to maintain accurate health records?

Egyptians Signup and view all the answers

Who began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria?

Louis Pasteur Signup and view all the answers

Who used acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion?

Chinese Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens?

Robert Koch Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of modern nursing?

Florence Nightingale Signup and view all the answers

Who began the use of disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery?

Joseph Lister Signup and view all the answers

Who created the first mercury thermometer?

Gabriel Fahrenheit Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the polio vaccine in 1952?

Jonas Salk Signup and view all the answers

Who was an Arab physician that began the use of animal gut for suture material?

Rhazes Signup and view all the answers

What did ancient people think was the cause of disease and illness?

Evil spirits Signup and view all the answers

List four things Hippocrates stressed to help the human body heal itself.

Cleanliness, good diet, clean water, good sanitation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Rod of Asclepius?

A serpent twisting around a rod, deity associated with health and medicine. Signup and view all the answers

In the Dark Ages, what was the main method used to treat illness and disease?

Stressed prayers. Signup and view all the answers

List at least four diseases that shortened the life span of individuals in the Middle Ages.

Bubonic Plague, small pox, scurvy, typhus. Signup and view all the answers

Why was dissection a major advance in health care during the Renaissance?

It helped people understand parts of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the invention of the microscope in 1666?

Allowed physicians to see organisms too small to be seen by the human eye. Signup and view all the answers

What did apothecaries use to make many of the medications in the 17th century?

Plants and herbs. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the invention of the stethoscope in 1819 important?

To listen to internal body sounds, which increased knowledge of the human body. Signup and view all the answers

Identify four women who made important contributions to the advance of health care in the 19th century.

Clara Barton, Florence Nightingale, Marie Curie, Dorothea Dix. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the discovery of DNA in 1953 so important?

DNA began the search for gene therapy to cure inherited diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What helped medicine progress faster in the 20th century than in all the previous years?

Technology. Signup and view all the answers

Think of the future of health care. What major advancement would you want to see in the 21st century?

During a cat scan, people won't be exposed to as much radiation as they are now. Signup and view all the answers

What is cost containment?

Trying to control the rising cost of health care. Signup and view all the answers

What are diagnostic related groups (DRGs)?

A statistical system of classifying any inpatient stay into other groups for the purpose of payment. Signup and view all the answers

What is energy conservation in healthcare?

Monitoring the use of energy to control costs and conserve resources. Signup and view all the answers

What is home health care?

Any type of health care provided in a patient's home environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is geriatric care?

Care for the elderly. Signup and view all the answers

What is telemedicine?

Involves the use of video, audio, and computer systems to provide medical information. Signup and view all the answers

What is wellness?

State of being in good health. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between complementary and alternative methods of health care.

Complementary: traditional methods. Alternative: ways of using other than traditional methods. Signup and view all the answers

List four requirements that all geriatric assistants must meet as a result of OBRA.

Pass the training program, continue their education, have period evaluations of performances, retraining or testing if they haven't performed in two years. Signup and view all the answers

What is holistic health care?

Promoted physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being by treating the whole body, mind, and spirit. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to individualize an integrative treatment plan?

To meet the patient's own special needs and circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

Do you think a health insurance company should be allowed to require a physical examination to determine the cost of the plan? Why or why not?

Yes, because health insurance can cost different amounts depending on the severity of an injury. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Figures in Health Care History

Marie Curie: Isolated radium in 1910, pioneering research in radioactivity.
Gregory Mendel: Known as the father of genetics, established principles of heredity.
Edward Jenner: Developed the first successful smallpox vaccine in 1796, leading to vaccination practices.
William Harvey: Described blood circulation, significantly contributing to cardiovascular medicine.
William Roentgen: Discovered X-rays in 1895, revolutionizing diagnostic imaging.
Sir Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin in 1928, marking the beginning of modern antibiotics.

Contributions to Medicine and Health

Hippocrates: Regarded as the father of medicine, emphasized cleanliness, good diet, and sanitation for healing.
Florence Nightingale: Founder of modern nursing, established standards for hygiene and patient care.
Clara Barton: Founded the American Red Cross in 1881, greatly contributing to emergency care and disaster relief.

Ancient Medical Practices

Egyptians: Known for maintaining accurate health records, laying groundwork for future medical documentation.
Chinese medicine: Utilized acupuncture for pain relief and congestion, showcasing early holistic practices.

Medical Advances and Historical Eras

Dark Ages: Focus on spirituality led to prohibitions on medical studies, with illness often attributed to evil spirits.
Renaissance: Dissection advanced anatomical understanding, improving knowledge of human physiology.
Invention of the microscope (1666): Enabled the observation of microorganisms, enhancing the field of microbiology.

Evolution of Medical Technology

Stethoscope (1819): Critical invention for auscultation, enhancing knowledge of internal body sounds.
Discovery of DNA (1953): Marked a major shift towards genetic research and therapies for inherited diseases.

Modern Health Care Concepts

Cost containment: Efforts focused on controlling rising health care expenses.
Diagnostic related groups (DRGs): Statistical classifications for inpatient stays to streamline payment processes.
Telemedicine: Utilizes technology for remote medical consultations and information sharing.
Wellness: Defined as a state of being in good health, emphasizing preventative care.

Specialized Areas of Care

Home health care: Health services delivered in a patient's home, promoting comfort and independence.
Geriatric care: Specialized health services for the elderly population.
Complementary and alternative methods: Integrates traditional and non-traditional treatments for holistic health.

Regulatory and Educational Standards

OBRA of 1987: Established standards for geriatric assistants in long-term care settings, ensuring quality and competency.
Holistic health care: Approaches health by considering physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual aspects.

Key Treatment Concepts

Individualized treatment plans: Essential for catering to a patient's unique needs and circumstances.
Integration of therapies: Combining conventional and alternative treatments to enhance patient outcomes.

Future Considerations

Call for advancements in technology, such as reducing radiation exposure during medical imaging.
The importance of personalized health insurance practices based on individual health assessments.

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Description

Explore key historical figures and their contributions to health care with these flashcards from Chapter 1. Learn about pioneers like Marie Curie and Edward Jenner, and understand their impact on medical advancements. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of health history.

Health Care History Flashcards - Chapter 1