Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor does NOT influence the intention to quit smoking?
Which factor does NOT influence the intention to quit smoking?
What behavior is directly associated with the perceived behavioral control in the context of health behaviors?
What behavior is directly associated with the perceived behavioral control in the context of health behaviors?
What is one reason health behaviors are not more strongly linked to each other?
What is one reason health behaviors are not more strongly linked to each other?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in relation to subjective norm?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in relation to subjective norm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is linked to intention related to eating healthful diets?
Which factor is linked to intention related to eating healthful diets?
Signup and view all the answers
What might public health officials support to improve health?
What might public health officials support to improve health?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following behaviors is related to the research by Sieverding et al. (2010)?
Which of the following behaviors is related to the research by Sieverding et al. (2010)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of prevention mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of prevention mentioned?
Signup and view all the answers
How do life circumstances affect health behaviors?
How do life circumstances affect health behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common misconception about factors affecting intentions in health-related behavior?
What is a common misconception about factors affecting intentions in health-related behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
In which year did Van De Ven et al. conduct research related to starting smoking?
In which year did Van De Ven et al. conduct research related to starting smoking?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common misconception about preventive measures?
What is a common misconception about preventive measures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following behaviors is not associated with perceived behavioral control according to the referenced studies?
Which of the following behaviors is not associated with perceived behavioral control according to the referenced studies?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of behavior does a girl who uses seat belts likely exhibit?
What type of behavior does a girl who uses seat belts likely exhibit?
Signup and view all the answers
What can cause individuals to change their health-related behaviors?
What can cause individuals to change their health-related behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might a person not avoid smoking early in life?
Why might a person not avoid smoking early in life?
Signup and view all the answers
What is necessary for individuals to adapt wellness lifestyles?
What is necessary for individuals to adapt wellness lifestyles?
Signup and view all the answers
What cognitive resource is essential to make plans for changing existing behaviors?
What cognitive resource is essential to make plans for changing existing behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do community organizations play in health behaviors?
What role do community organizations play in health behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the impact of self-efficacy on motivation to change behavior?
What is the impact of self-efficacy on motivation to change behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors can hinder the adoption of health-related behaviors?
Which of the following factors can hinder the adoption of health-related behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
How have physicians' focuses changed over the years regarding health care?
How have physicians' focuses changed over the years regarding health care?
Signup and view all the answers
What social factor can affect an individual's likelihood to adopt health-related behaviors?
What social factor can affect an individual's likelihood to adopt health-related behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What can affect a person's cognitive resources and motivation to change?
What can affect a person's cognitive resources and motivation to change?
Signup and view all the answers
What primarily influences an individual's likelihood of taking preventive health actions?
What primarily influences an individual's likelihood of taking preventive health actions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is included in the assessment of perceived benefits and barriers of a health behavior?
What is included in the assessment of perceived benefits and barriers of a health behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to perceived susceptibility to a health problem?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to perceived susceptibility to a health problem?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do 'cues to action' play in health behavior?
What role do 'cues to action' play in health behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following groups is likely to perceive a substantial risk of breast cancer according to the content?
Which of the following groups is likely to perceive a substantial risk of breast cancer according to the content?
Signup and view all the answers
What might increase an individual's perception of threat regarding health issues?
What might increase an individual's perception of threat regarding health issues?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might poor individuals see stronger barriers to getting medical treatment?
Why might poor individuals see stronger barriers to getting medical treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which demographic is more likely to perceive a personal threat from illnesses affecting close friends and relatives?
Which demographic is more likely to perceive a personal threat from illnesses affecting close friends and relatives?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor may deter individuals from engaging in healthful behaviors?
Which factor may deter individuals from engaging in healthful behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What might cause conflicts within a family regarding health-related behavior changes?
What might cause conflicts within a family regarding health-related behavior changes?
Signup and view all the answers
What behavior might lead individuals to defer making health changes?
What behavior might lead individuals to defer making health changes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a strategy some people use to cope with unhealthful behaviors?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a strategy some people use to cope with unhealthful behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do health professionals play in promoting health according to Ewart's model?
What role do health professionals play in promoting health according to Ewart's model?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common result when individuals experience interpersonal conflicts related to health?
What is a common result when individuals experience interpersonal conflicts related to health?
Signup and view all the answers
In Ewart's model, which component is influenced by the individual’s behavior?
In Ewart's model, which component is influenced by the individual’s behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors within the individual can impact health promotion efforts?
Which of the following factors within the individual can impact health promotion efforts?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor significantly influences people's coping patterns when making health-related decisions?
What factor significantly influences people's coping patterns when making health-related decisions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is associated with hypervigilance in the context of decision-making?
Which of the following is associated with hypervigilance in the context of decision-making?
Signup and view all the answers
Adolescents and young adults are particularly at risk for which health issue?
Adolescents and young adults are particularly at risk for which health issue?
Signup and view all the answers
According to conflict theory, what factor do individuals consider when facing major health-related decisions?
According to conflict theory, what factor do individuals consider when facing major health-related decisions?
Signup and view all the answers
What change occurs in people's preventive health needs as they age?
What change occurs in people's preventive health needs as they age?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common perception experienced by individuals in a state of vigilance?
What is a common perception experienced by individuals in a state of vigilance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant health issue that born babies experience at high rates?
What is a significant health issue that born babies experience at high rates?
Signup and view all the answers
Which group of individuals is likely to assume responsibility for health prevention in early stages of life?
Which group of individuals is likely to assume responsibility for health prevention in early stages of life?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of antecedents in behavior development?
What is the primary role of antecedents in behavior development?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might habitual behaviors be difficult to change, according to the content?
Why might habitual behaviors be difficult to change, according to the content?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common reason individuals continue smoking despite knowing its risks?
What is a common reason individuals continue smoking despite knowing its risks?
Signup and view all the answers
How can a cognitive intervention assist individuals coping with cancer distress?
How can a cognitive intervention assist individuals coping with cancer distress?
Signup and view all the answers
What behavior might an individual report when asked why they smoke?
What behavior might an individual report when asked why they smoke?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does high stress have on health behaviors?
What effect does high stress have on health behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated by a smoker's statement about needing a cigarette with coffee?
What is indicated by a smoker's statement about needing a cigarette with coffee?
Signup and view all the answers
When are individuals particularly likely to engage in unhealthful activities?
When are individuals particularly likely to engage in unhealthful activities?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the percentage of 70-year-old men with all five risk factors who are likely to live to age 90?
What is the percentage of 70-year-old men with all five risk factors who are likely to live to age 90?
Signup and view all the answers
Which health risk factor has the highest percentage of 70-year-old men likely to live to age 90?
Which health risk factor has the highest percentage of 70-year-old men likely to live to age 90?
Signup and view all the answers
What common misconception may contribute to the continuation of unhealthful behaviors such as smoking or drinking?
What common misconception may contribute to the continuation of unhealthful behaviors such as smoking or drinking?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is most indicative of why individuals may not engage in healthful behaviors according to the data?
Which factor is most indicative of why individuals may not engage in healthful behaviors according to the data?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these diseases has shown a decline in mortality rates since 1968?
Which of these diseases has shown a decline in mortality rates since 1968?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor can significantly lower men's chances of living to age 90 when they turn 70?
What factor can significantly lower men's chances of living to age 90 when they turn 70?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a reason people may resist quitting smoking?
Which of the following is a reason people may resist quitting smoking?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant barrier to individuals maintaining healthful behavior?
What is a significant barrier to individuals maintaining healthful behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main focus of symptom-based behavior?
What is the main focus of symptom-based behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main goal of primary prevention activities?
What is the main goal of primary prevention activities?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines sick-role behavior?
What defines sick-role behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention activity?
Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention activity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor influences the likelihood of engaging in symptom-based behavior?
Which factor influences the likelihood of engaging in symptom-based behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
When can primary prevention begin for an individual?
When can primary prevention begin for an individual?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might some people not seek medical help despite experiencing health symptoms?
Why might some people not seek medical help despite experiencing health symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of health behavior?
What is the purpose of health behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor can influence the risk assessment for genetic disorders in children?
Which factor can influence the risk assessment for genetic disorders in children?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of health behaviors can primary prevention be directed at?
What type of health behaviors can primary prevention be directed at?
Signup and view all the answers
How does perceived health status affect health behavior?
How does perceived health status affect health behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What do health professionals use to help prospective parents make decisions about family planning regarding genetic disorders?
What do health professionals use to help prospective parents make decisions about family planning regarding genetic disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect does not typically influence why individuals engage in health behavior?
Which aspect does not typically influence why individuals engage in health behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What might influence whether a person engages in well behavior?
What might influence whether a person engages in well behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
How often do organizations like the American Cancer Society recommend screenings after certain ages?
How often do organizations like the American Cancer Society recommend screenings after certain ages?
Signup and view all the answers
What might public health reminders on TV encourage individuals to do?
What might public health reminders on TV encourage individuals to do?
Signup and view all the answers
How does stress impact the retention of health promotion information?
How does stress impact the retention of health promotion information?
Signup and view all the answers
What initiates the decision-making process according to conflict theory?
What initiates the decision-making process according to conflict theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs if a person perceives no risk in their health status?
What occurs if a person perceives no risk in their health status?
Signup and view all the answers
According to conflict theory, what type of challenges can influence lifestyle changes?
According to conflict theory, what type of challenges can influence lifestyle changes?
Signup and view all the answers
In what way do men and women differ regarding health risks and needs?
In what way do men and women differ regarding health risks and needs?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor is emphasized in conflict theory as influencing decision-making?
What factor is emphasized in conflict theory as influencing decision-making?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a possible outcome of an appraisal of risk during decision-making?
What is a possible outcome of an appraisal of risk during decision-making?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor may contribute to differences in preventive behavior among individuals?
Which factor may contribute to differences in preventive behavior among individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main factor that contributes to a person's perceived threat of a health problem?
What is the main factor that contributes to a person's perceived threat of a health problem?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the relationship between perceived benefits and barriers of a health behavior?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between perceived benefits and barriers of a health behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
How do demographic factors affect perceived susceptibility to health problems?
How do demographic factors affect perceived susceptibility to health problems?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might individuals with low income see stronger barriers to medical treatment?
Why might individuals with low income see stronger barriers to medical treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of cues can trigger action regarding health behavior?
What kind of cues can trigger action regarding health behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
In what way does knowledge about a health problem influence perceived susceptibility?
In what way does knowledge about a health problem influence perceived susceptibility?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between the perceived threat of a health issue and the likelihood of taking preventive action?
What is the relationship between the perceived threat of a health issue and the likelihood of taking preventive action?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Health Behaviors and Prevention
- Health behaviors are not always consistent; one habit doesn't predict another (e.g., seatbelt use doesn't predict exercise).
- Various life factors (social support, personal experiences) impact different behaviors unevenly.
- People change over time and experiences affect health-related behaviors.
- Life circumstances influence health behavior choices.
- Health promotion involves multiple levels (primary, secondary, and tertiary).
- Primary prevention occurs before diseases develop, secondary prevention during the early stages, and tertiary prevention after the illness is established.
- Percentage of deaths from cancer and COPD increased significantly since 1968, partly due to smoking; heart disease and stroke deaths declined, and deaths from other diseases are no longer in the top ten.
- Likelihood of surviving from age 70 to 90 decreases with additional risk factors (sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, smoking).
Factors Influencing Health Behaviors
-
Individual factors:
- Healthful behaviors may seem less appealing or convenient.
- People may delay healthful behavior changes.
- Health problems might not lead to treatment adherence.
- Adopting new habits (e.g., wellness lifestyles, quitting smoking) requires changes in routines and significant effort.
- Cognitive resources (knowledge, skills to change behavior, coping with barriers) are essential.
- Self-efficacy (belief in one's ability to change behavior) impacts motivation.
- Illness or medication can impact mood/energy, influencing cognitive resources and motivation.
-
Interpersonal factors:
- Family members' habits can create significant conflicts over health changes (e.g., cholesterol consumption, exercise routines).
- Social networks (friends, classmates, coworkers) can support or hinder health behaviors.
-
Community factors:
- Community support (government agencies, healthcare system) encourages health behaviors, but health professionals may lack knowledge about individual practices and focus on treatment over prevention.
- People's perceptions of health risks and their perceived benefits vs. barriers to taking action are crucial.
Theory of Planned Behavior Shortcomings
- The theory of planned behavior is criticized for its lack of attention to dynamic, evolving influences on health decisions.
- Biological, psychological, and social factors change over the life span, significantly affecting people’s health and preventive needs.
- Preventive needs and goals change with age (different risks/problems at different stages).
Decisional Conflict and Coping
- People experience stress with health decisions due to the importance and conjoining choices.
- Coping with such conflict is influenced by perceived risk, hope, and available time.
- Hypervigilance occurs when serious risks are perceived, and a limited time frame to find a better solution.
- Vigilance is moderate stress level when people perceive risks, with time available to find alternatives.
- People who are distressed about cancer are less likely to have mammograms.
- Brief cognitive interventions improve coping skills and preventive behavior in women with relatives with cancer.
- Stress is associated with less exercise, poorer diets, and increased alcohol/cigarette use.
Prevention Levels and Life Stages
- Lifespan stages (e.g., gestation, infancy, adolescence, adulthood, old age) have different preventive needs.
- Preventive goals and responsibilities (self-responsibility, family/social responsibilities) change over lifespan.
- The chance for illness for given age ranges differs.
- Different levels of risk throughout the development of a person's life.
- Health behaviors are influenced by perceived benefits/barriers, susceptibility to the health problem, and cues to action.
- People under high stress may pay less attention to health promotion information.
- Conflict theory models rational and irrational decision-making, with stress as a significant factor.
- Preventive action depends on the perceived threat of the health problem and the assessment of pros and cons of taking action.
- Developmental, gender, and sociocultural factors affect health disparities across the lifespan.
Health Behavior
- Health behavior is any activity to maintain or improve health, regardless of perceived status or actual outcomes.
- People’s health status influences types of health behavior and motivation.
- Well behaviors, such as seatbelt use, vaccinations, are performed when individuals are well.
- Symptom-based behaviors are activities undertaken when ill (e.g., symptom reporting, seeking advice).
- Sick-role behaviors are activities to treat or adjust to a health problem after diagnosis.
- Primary prevention includes actions to avoid disease or injury (e.g., using seatbelts, diet, exercise).
- Primary prevention for individuals can start before conception.
- Genetic counseling can estimate the risk of genetic disorders and diagnose genetic abnormalities in the fetus.
- Habitual behaviors are difficult to change and should be addressed early.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the complexities of health behaviors and how various factors influence these choices. Understand the levels of health promotion and the importance of individual and life circumstances in shaping behavior. Delve into the dynamics of prevention strategies and the role of social support in fostering health.