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Questions and Answers
What is the primary concern in chemical laboratory safety?
What is the primary concern in chemical laboratory safety?
What type of toxicity is associated with the adverse effects of a substance after a single exposure or multiple exposures in a short period of time?
What type of toxicity is associated with the adverse effects of a substance after a single exposure or multiple exposures in a short period of time?
Which term describes a solid or liquid chemical that can produce gas at high temperature and pressure, causing damage to the surroundings?
Which term describes a solid or liquid chemical that can produce gas at high temperature and pressure, causing damage to the surroundings?
What is the term for the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture?
What is the term for the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture?
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What is a biological substance that poses a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily humans?
What is a biological substance that poses a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily humans?
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What type of chemical can cause burns on the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes?
What type of chemical can cause burns on the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes?
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What is the primary purpose of a fume hood in a laboratory?
What is the primary purpose of a fume hood in a laboratory?
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What is the term used to describe a chemical or physical condition that has the potential for causing damage to people, property, or the environment?
What is the term used to describe a chemical or physical condition that has the potential for causing damage to people, property, or the environment?
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What is the purpose of GHS (Globally Harmonized System)?
What is the purpose of GHS (Globally Harmonized System)?
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What is the term used to describe a toxic substance that damages the liver?
What is the term used to describe a toxic substance that damages the liver?
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What is the term used to describe the concentration of a chemical in air that kills 50% of the test animals during the observation period?
What is the term used to describe the concentration of a chemical in air that kills 50% of the test animals during the observation period?
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What is the term used to describe substances that react readily with most organic material or reducing agents with no energy input?
What is the term used to describe substances that react readily with most organic material or reducing agents with no energy input?
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Study Notes
Hazardous Substances and Laboratory Safety
- An accident is an unplanned event with undesired consequences.
Toxicity
- Acute toxicity refers to the adverse effects of a substance resulting from a single exposure or multiple exposures within a short period (less than 24 hours).
- Chronic toxicity is the development of adverse effects due to long-term exposure to a toxicant or other stressor.
Biohazards and Harmful Substances
- A biohazard is a biological substance that poses a threat to human health, including microorganisms, viruses, or toxins that can harm human health.
- Carcinogens are substances, radionuclides, or radiation that promote cancer formation.
- Corrosives are chemicals that cause burns on skin, mucous membranes, and eyes.
- Dermatotoxins are toxic chemicals that damage skin, mucous membranes, or both, often leading to tissue necrosis.
- Hematotoxins are toxins that destroy red blood cells, disrupt blood clotting, and/or cause organ degeneration and generalized tissue damage.
- Hepatotoxins are toxic chemicals that damage the liver.
- Nephrotoxins are toxic agents that inhibit, damage, or destroy kidney cells and/or tissues.
- Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue.
Laboratory Safety
- Chemical laboratory safety involves controlling exposure to hazardous substances to minimize risk.
- Fume hoods are ventilated enclosures that contain gases, vapors, and fumes, which are exhausted to the atmosphere through ductwork and an exhaust fan.
Hazard Classification and Measurement
- The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) is a system for standardizing and harmonizing the classification and labeling of chemicals.
- A hazard is a chemical or physical condition that has the potential to cause harm to people, property, or the environment.
- The Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) is the concentration of a chemical in air that kills 50% of test animals during the observation period.
- The Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) is the amount of a material that causes the death of 50% of a group of test animals.
Other Hazardous Substances and Concepts
- Explosives are solids or liquids that can produce gas at high temperatures and pressures, causing damage to surroundings.
- Flammable substances are gases, liquids, and solids that ignite and continue to burn in air when exposed to an ignition source.
- Flash point is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture.
- Oxidizers are solids, liquids, or gases that react readily with most organic material or reducing agents without energy input.
- Pyrophoric substances ignite instantly upon exposure to oxygen and can also be water-reactive, producing heat and hydrogen gas.
- Risk is a measure of human injury, environmental damage, or economic loss in terms of incident likelihood and magnitude of loss or injury.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms related to health and safety, including accidents, biohazards, and toxic substances.
