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Questions and Answers
What is defined as the number of years a person is expected to live based on their birth year?
What is defined as the number of years a person is expected to live based on their birth year?
Which of the following is a threat to health in America associated with inactivity?
Which of the following is a threat to health in America associated with inactivity?
Which component is NOT included in health-related physical fitness?
Which component is NOT included in health-related physical fitness?
What is described as a state of complete well-being?
What is described as a state of complete well-being?
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Which factor contributes to health and longevity?
Which factor contributes to health and longevity?
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Which activity is recommended for preventing Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease?
Which activity is recommended for preventing Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease?
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What is the abbreviation for Healthy Life Expectancy?
What is the abbreviation for Healthy Life Expectancy?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of wellness?
Which of the following is NOT a component of wellness?
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What is the minimum recommended amount of moderate physical activity for adults each week?
What is the minimum recommended amount of moderate physical activity for adults each week?
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Which activity is considered moderate physical activity according to federal guidelines?
Which activity is considered moderate physical activity according to federal guidelines?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of exercise as defined in the content?
Which of the following is a characteristic of exercise as defined in the content?
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What does the term 'pedometer' refer to?
What does the term 'pedometer' refer to?
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Which component is NOT included in the dimensions of wellness?
Which component is NOT included in the dimensions of wellness?
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What is the primary focus of health promotion?
What is the primary focus of health promotion?
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Which of these statements about physical fitness is correct?
Which of these statements about physical fitness is correct?
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What is the recommended weekly activity duration for children aged 6 years and older?
What is the recommended weekly activity duration for children aged 6 years and older?
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What is the relationship between physical activity and mortality?
What is the relationship between physical activity and mortality?
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Which of these statements about resting blood pressure assessment is true?
Which of these statements about resting blood pressure assessment is true?
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What does health fitness standards aim to define?
What does health fitness standards aim to define?
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What is included in skill-related fitness?
What is included in skill-related fitness?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended activity for preventing accidents?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended activity for preventing accidents?
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How many calories are typically required to classify moderate physical activity for a day?
How many calories are typically required to classify moderate physical activity for a day?
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Study Notes
Health and Health Threats
- Health is defined as a state of complete well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
- Major threats to health in America include tobacco use and Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS).
- SeDS is attributed to a lack of regular physical activity, with sedentary individuals being relatively inactive and spending much time sitting.
Factors Affecting Health and Longevity
- Factors affecting health and longevity include genetics, lifestyle and environment.
Life Expectancy
- Life expectancy is the number of years a person is expected to live based on their birth year.
- Healthy life expectancy (HLE) is the years of illness subtracted from life expectancy.
Leading U.S. Health Problems
- Key health problems in the United States include heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, accidents and stroke.
Prevention Activities
- Prevention activities for cardiovascular disease and cancer are discussed in detail later in the chapter.
- Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease prevention activities include avoiding tobacco use and smoke, maintaining a low sodium and low fat diet, staying physically active, receiving a pneumonia vaccine if over 50 years old, and avoiding swimming pools if sensitive to chlorine vapor.
- Accident prevention includes avoiding cell phone use while driving, wearing a seatbelt, and avoiding alcohol and drug abuse.
Physical Activity and Exercise
- Physical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles.
- Exercise is a type of physical activity requiring planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.
Moderate Physical Activity Improves Health
- Moderate physical activity involves using 150 calories of energy per day, or 1,000 calories per week.
- Recommendations to meet this level include performing the activity in 30-minute continuous segments over 5 days, or three 10-minute sessions per day, 5 days per week.
Increased Activity is Recommended
- More moderate activity is recommended to prevent weight gain, sustain weight loss, and lower the risk of disease.
Federal Guidelines for Weekly Physical Activity
- Adults and older adults are recommended to engage in 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate activity or 1 hour and 15 minutes of vigorous exercise per week, with strength building activities on 2 days per week.
- Children 6 years of age and older and adolescents are recommended to engage in 1 hour or more of moderate or vigorous activity per day, with vigorous-intensity activity on 3 days a week, and strength building activities on 3 days per week. Children and young adults should engage in 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day.
- Pregnant and postpartum women who are not already doing vigorous exercise should get 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate exercise spread out over the week.
National Physical Activity Plan
- The plan is designed to increase physical activity for the whole population by promoting physical activity policies for schools and businesses, encouraging early childhood education, improving access to physical activity, setting performance measures for active travel, and enhancing parks and recreation infrastructure.
Monitor Daily Activity with a Pedometer
- Pedometers can help monitor activity and help individuals reach the recommended 10,000 steps per day.
Prevention of Disease
- Physical activity is essential for disease protection.
- Health promotion and wellness programs emphasize lifestyle and physical fitness.
- Health promotion is the science and art of enabling people to increase control over their lifestyle and move toward wellness.
Wellness
- Defined as a constant and deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the highest potential for well-being.
Defining Dimensions of Wellness
- Physical Wellness includes good physical fitness and confidence in your ability to take care of health problems.
- Emotional Wellness includes the ability to understand your own feelings, accept your limitations and achieve emotional stability.
- Mental Wellness is a state in which your mind is engaged in lively interaction with the world around you.
- Social Wellness is the ability to relate well to others, both within and outside the family unit.
- Environmental Wellness is the capability to live in a clean and safe environment that is not detrimental to health.
- Spiritual Wellness is a sense of meaning and direction in life and a relationship to a higher being, which may include activities like prayer and altruism.
Physical Activity Prolongs Life
- Physical activity level and mortality have an inverse relationship, meaning higher physical activity levels are associated with a lower risk of death.
Physical Fitness
- Physical fitness is the ability to meet the ordinary and unusual demands of daily life safely and effectively without being overly fatigued, and still have energy remaining for leisure and recreational activities.
Two Types of Physical Fitness
- Health-related fitness focuses on improving overall health and lowering the risk of hypokinetic diseases, enabling individuals to perform activities of daily living without undue fatigue.
- Skill-related fitness involves components important for success in skillful activities and athletic events, and includes agility, balance, coordination, reaction time, speed and power.
Health Fitness Standards
- Define the lowest fitness level necessary for maintaining good health, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, and lowering the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries.
- Measured through cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2max), which is the maximal amount of oxygen the body can utilize per minute of physical activity.
Physical Fitness Standards
- A fitness level allowing individuals to sustain moderate-to-vigorous physical activity without undue fatigue, and maintain this level throughout life.
- Higher than health standards and require a more intense exercise program.
Benefits of Fitness
- Health Benefits: include better quality of life and fewer health problems.
- Brain Function: include higher academic performance, protection against age-related loss of cognitive function, and depression.
- Economic Benefits: include improved health, increased productivity and reduced health care costs.
Assessment of Resting Heart Rate
- Resting heart rate should be checked early in the morning before getting out of bed or in the evening after sitting for 30 minutes.
- Bradycardia is a slower heart rate than normal.
Assessment of Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.
- Systolic blood pressure is the point where the sound of pulse becomes audible.
- Diastolic blood pressure is the point where the sound disappears.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics related to health, including definitions, major health threats in America, and factors influencing longevity. It also discusses life expectancy and leading health problems faced by the U.S. population, alongside prevention activities for common diseases. Test your knowledge on these critical health issues.
