Health and Aging Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of cardiac death?

Life support technologies maintaining organ function

Absence of the heart contracting and pumping blood (correct)

Presence of respiratory conditions

Irreversible absence of all electrical activity in the brain

Which of the following is NOT listed as a leading cause of death?

Parkinson's disease (correct)

Diabetes

Liver disease

Cancer

What is a requirement for eligibility under the Medical Aid in Dying (MAID) criteria?

Being diagnosed with a terminal illness only

Being under 18 years old

Having the capacity to consent (correct)

Must be a resident of a long-term care facility

Which process is primarily focused on reducing physical and psychological pain rather than prolonging life?

Palliative care Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson, what aspect becomes significant during late adulthood?

Reflecting on past life experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is sarcopenia characterized by?

Loss of muscle mass Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with inflammation of the joints?

Arthritis Signup and view all the answers

What protective factor is associated with osteoporosis?

Adequate nutrition Signup and view all the answers

At what age does visual acuity begin to decline?

40-59 years Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for developing arthritis?

Joint injuries Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs when there is damage to the optic nerve due to fluid build-up?

Glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic has a higher risk of developing osteoporosis?

Females with nutrient deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people in their 70s experience partial loss of vision due to cataracts?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory tends to decline faster with aging?

Episodic memory Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT listed as a barrier to sexual health in older adults?

Improved physical health Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended approach to address sexual health in older adults?

Normalize sexuality as a healthy part of aging Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intelligence is characterized by abstract reasoning and problem-solving abilities?

Fluid intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is one approach to compensate for memory deficits in older adults?

Regular screening and testing Signup and view all the answers

Which memory type is considered less vulnerable to the effects of aging?

Implicit memory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about memory types is true?

Episodic memory relates to personal life experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of sexual health may contribute to older adults not disclosing their needs?

Stigma and sex negativity Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant change in memory recall as adults age?

They recall more events from adolescence and early adulthood than other life stages. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly contributes to the reduced decision-making capacity in older adults?

A tendency to prefer fewer options and make good enough decisions. Signup and view all the answers

How does high arousal affect decision-making in older adults compared to young adults?

Older adults are more likely to make riskier decisions in high arousal settings. Signup and view all the answers

What neurological change occurs with aging that affects function?

Deterioration of myelination leading to slower neural transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of executive function is largely affected in older adults?

Difficulty in separating important information from irrelevant information. Signup and view all the answers

What has been observed regarding the slowing of neurological functions?

It starts in late middle adulthood and accelerates in late adulthood. Signup and view all the answers

Why might older adults find it challenging to make complex decisions?

Their brain's function begins to slow down, affecting processing. Signup and view all the answers

What benefit might older adults experience when making decisions based on a limited number of choices?

They tend to find satisfactory solutions even if they are not perfect. Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of relationship satisfaction on health outcomes?

Faster recovery time from illness Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable finding regarding relationship stress in the Kulik study?

It correlates with lower subjective well-being. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of relationship satisfaction?

Negative family relationships Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of household labor changes during retirement, according to the findings?

It becomes more egalitarian. Signup and view all the answers

According to the evolutionary theory of aging, what is the adaptive value of living past childbearing years?

Greater support for child-rearing Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of high levels of conflict in a relationship?

Social isolation Signup and view all the answers

What change in relationship quality occurs prior to retirement?

More complaints and less satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors could contribute to relationship stress?

Negative family interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of regular religious practice in late adulthood?

Improved physical health Signup and view all the answers

In Kubler-Ross's stages of death and dying, which stage is characterized by a temporary defense mechanism?

Denial Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the 'Widowhood effect'?

Men who lose a spouse are more likely to die in the following year. Signup and view all the answers

What emotional response occurs in the bargaining stage of Kubler-Ross's model?

Desire to delay death Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following critiques pertains to the order of Kubler-Ross's stages of grief?

Not everyone experiences all stages. Signup and view all the answers

What factor most significantly influences how a surviving spouse copes after losing a partner?

Financial security Signup and view all the answers

Which emotional state is commonly observed during the depression stage of dying, according to Kubler-Ross?

Silence and grief Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential effect of belief in the afterlife on widowed individuals' grief?

A decreased likelihood of experiencing depression Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Development in Late Adulthood

Late adulthood is defined as 65+.
Significant individual variation exists in physical capacities across this stage.
Biological, chronological, psychosocial, and social age all contribute to the variability.
Life expectancy in Canada has increased, with Canadians born between 2007 and 2009 expected to live to 81 years of age.
The number of centenarians (people aged 100+) has doubled from 2001 to 2021 in Canada.
Healthy life expectancy is the number of years people will live in good health.
Globally, this is increasing, positively correlating with income.
Projected healthy life expectancy for Canadian men in 2030 is 84 years, and for women, 87 years.
Declining mobility and strength are common in late adulthood.
Sarcopenia, age-related loss of muscle mass, is a prime example.
Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, and obesity.
Protective factors include regular exercise.
Arthritis, inflammation of joints, is also common in late adulthood.
Risk factors include joint injuries, repetitive motions, and obesity.
Protective factors include regular exercise.
Osteoporosis, excessive bone loss, is another key factor.
Risk factors include gender (female), smoking, nutrient deficiency, and falls.
Protective factors include exercise, adequate nutrition, and avoiding falls.

Sensory Perception in Late Adulthood

Vision: Acuity declines in late adulthood, particularly beginning between the ages of 40 and 59.
Eye adjusting to brightness changes becomes slower.
Cataracts cause partial vision loss as the eye lens thickens, affecting approximately 30% of people by age 70.
Glaucoma, nerve damage from fluid buildup, causes vision loss, impacting one percent of 70-year-olds to 10% of 90-year-olds.
Macular degeneration leads to central vision loss in late adulthood. Those affected lose clarity in the center of their vision. Peripheral vision is less affected.
Hearing loss affects men more quickly than women, and prevalence is 94% of Canadians aged 70-79 report loss.
Smell and taste decline, affecting those aged around 60 years old.
Touch sensitivity declines, with sensitivity to pain also decreasing but pain prevalence increasing.

Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Fluid intelligence, abstract reasoning and problem-solving abilities, decreases.
Crystallized intelligence (accumulated knowledge) tends to increase into late adulthood.
Explicit memory (facts and experiences) declines faster than implicit memory (performing tasks).
Implicit memory, however, is less affected by aging.
Autobiographical memory (personal life stories) is a type of episodic memory.

Neurologic Development in Late Adulthood

General slowing of brain and spinal cord function begins in middle adulthood.
Deterioration of myelination slows the transmission of signals.
Synapse loss occurs in key brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex.
Neural compensation occurs where the brain recruits different brain regions to compensate.

Neurological Disorders (Dementia) in Late Adulthood

Dementia is a chronic, progressive, potentially terminal condition.
It impacts memory and other cognitive functions, affecting more than 500,000 Canadians.
Alzheimer's Disease is 65% of cases, characterized by abnormal protein deposits and neurofibrillary tangles.
Risk factors include genetic predisposition, gender (women tend to live longer and be more affected), and age.
Vascular dementia, caused by insufficient blood flow often due to strokes, makes up approximately 25% of cases.
Risk factors include vascular health (exercise, cessation of smoking, blood pressure control).

Sexuality in Late Adulthood

Sexuality is part of healthy aging.
Sexual activity is common in individuals 65-74 years of age, with a decrease after 75.
Frequency of sexual activity is dependent on factors like health, availability of partners and societal factors.

Death and Dying

Most Canadians die in a hospital (55%).
Top five leading causes of death include cancer, accidents, injuries, stroke, diabetes, and liver disease.
It can be challenging to determine when death occurs, especially in the context of advanced life support technologies.
Kübler-Ross's five stages of grief/loss (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance) are common experiences, but are not universal.
Grieving can be a variable, complex process affected by circumstances of death, relationship quality, and circumstances surrounding death.

Retirement

Median retirement age in Canada is 64.9.
Public-sector workers retire earlier than private-sector workers.
Many factors contribute to factors influencing whether and when someone retires including financial stability and health.
It is viewed as a process, not a single event.

Relationships in Late adulthood

Relationship quality is associated with subjective well-being, better physical health, and faster recovery from illness/stress.
Relationship satisfaction tends to be higher after retirement than before.
Relationships with shared identity, interests, and hobbies and shared friendships and community, are common sources of satisfaction.
Relationship stress may come from health problems, conflict, social isolation or dysfunctional familial relationships.

Grandparenting

Grandparents play diverse roles in families, including childcare, mentoring, and preserving family history.
Grandparenting can improve family functioning and well-being.

Spirituality and Religion

Reporting of spirituality and religious practice tends to increase in mid-late adulthood.
Practice may be linked to improved physical health, a sense of meaning, and a sense of belonging.

Friendship and Community

Strong friendships and community predict relationship satisfaction.
Socially connected older adults experience better health and lower stress.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on various aspects of health and aging with this quiz. Questions range from cardiac death to osteoporosis, addressing medical aid in dying and the effects of aging on memory and vision. Perfect for those studying gerontology or healthcare.