Healing and Repair in Pathology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between healing and regeneration?

Healing occurs through biochemical factors, while regeneration occurs through mechanical trauma.

Healing is a slower process, while regeneration is a faster process.

Healing occurs in the skin, while regeneration occurs in the liver.

Healing involves the replacement of injured cells with fibrous tissue, while regeneration involves the replacement of injured cells with cells of the same type. (correct)

What is the main component of granulation tissue?

Fibroblasts (correct)

Epithelial cells

Fibrous tissue

Basement membrane

What is the term for the process of wound healing in which the wound is closed immediately?

Delayed intention

Tertiary intention

Secondary intention

Primary intention (correct)

What is the factor that controls tissue regeneration?

Biochemical factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of skin wound healing?

Increased scarring Signup and view all the answers

Which organ has a remarkable capacity to regenerate?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which cells carry away debris during the wound healing process?

Macrophages and neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the timeframe for neutrophils to disappear and macrophages to enter the wound site during primary union?

3 days Signup and view all the answers

At what percentage of unwounded skin tensile strength is reached in 3 months during primary union?

70-80% Signup and view all the answers

What type of wound healing occurs when there is minimal or no skin loss?

Healing by primary union Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fibroblasts during the wound healing process?

Producing collagen Signup and view all the answers

What type of wound healing occurs when large tissue defects need to be refilled or purulent infections prevent direct association of wound edges?

Healing by secondary union Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of inadequate scar formation in wounds?

Wound dehiscence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for Mrs. W's wound on the sole of her right foot?

Unknown aetiology Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a hypertrophic scar?

Excess collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely consequence of persistent infection at the wound site?

Wound dehiscence Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of wound healing phases in Mrs. W's case?

Inflammation, haemostasis, proliferation, and maturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely underlying cause of Mrs. W's cellulitis?

Wound infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the inflammation phase in wound healing?

To clear dead cells and microbes Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of wound healing is vascularized granulation tissue formed?

Repair Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the strength of normal skin do carefully sutured wounds have?

70% Signup and view all the answers

When are sutures usually removed in a clean wound post-surgery?

After 1 week Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate strength of the wound when sutures are removed?

10% of that of unwounded skin Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for the wound to reach its maximum immediate strength after surgery?

13-18 days Signup and view all the answers

During the initial 2 months of wound healing, what is the primary reason for the recovery of tensile strength?

Excess of collagen synthesis over collagen degradation Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of normal wound strength is typically reached by 3 months after injury?

70% to 80% Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for the most serious consequences of a stroke?

Permanent cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why neurons and cardiac muscle cells cannot regenerate after injury?

They are terminally differentiated and non-proliferative Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of injury to permanent cells, such as neurons and cardiac myocytes?

Irreversible scarring Signup and view all the answers

At later stages of wound healing, what structural modifications contribute to the recovery of tensile strength?

Crosslinking and increased fiber size Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aberrations of Inflammation & Repair

Inadequate scar formation can lead to wound dehiscence or gaping, commonly seen in abdomen, and ulceration, seen in diabetic neuropathy.
Hypertrophic scar/keloid formation is caused by excess collagen.
Exuberant granulation tissue and wound contracture, often seen in burns, are also aberrations of inflammation and repair.

Wound Dehiscence

Wound dehiscence is a common complication, often seen in the anterior abdominal wall.
Various examples of wound dehiscence are provided.

Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars

Keloids and hypertrophic scars are examples of aberrant wound healing.
They are characterized by excess collagen formation.

Wound Contractures

Wound contractures are a complication of wound healing, often seen after burns.
Two examples of wound contractures are provided.

Wound Healing Process

Healing and regeneration are distinct processes.
Healing involves replacement of injured cells by fibrous tissue, resulting in scar formation.
Regeneration, on the other hand, involves replacement of injured cells by cells of the same type.

Phases of Wound Healing

Wound healing consists of four phases: haemostasis, inflammation, repair, and remodelling.
Each phase interacts through complex cellular and molecular processes to establish and maintain wound closure.

Factors Affecting Wound Healing

Complications of skin wound healing include aberrations of inflammation and repair, wound dehiscence, and wound contractures.

Complications of Skin Wound Healing

Factors affecting skin wound healing include circulatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis, which can impede blood flow.

Primary and Secondary Intention Wound Healing

Healing by primary union (1st intention) occurs in wounds with minimal or no skin loss.
Healing by secondary union occurs when large tissue defects have to be refilled or when purulent infections prevent direct association of the wound edges.

Timeline of Wound Healing

In primary union, tensile strength increases to 70-80% of unwounded skin in 3 months.
In clean wounds post-surgery, the maximum immediate strength of the wound is reached between 13-18 days.

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Description

This quiz covers the principles of tissue healing, wound healing by primary and secondary intention, and the formation of granulation tissue. It's essential for understanding the differences between healing and regeneration. Take this quiz to test your knowledge and skills on healing and repair in pathology.