Header Linked Lists Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of a grounded header list?

  • Every node has a predecessor node.
  • The last node contains the NULL pointer. (correct)
  • The last node points back to the header node.
  • All pointers contain valid addresses.

    • What is the main function of the header node in a header linked list?

  • To serve as a sentinel indicating the end of the list.
  • To store pointers to other nodes.
  • To ensure every node has a predecessor. (correct)
  • To hold data for processing.

    • In a circular header list, what condition indicates that the list is empty?

  • There are no nodes after the header node.
  • LINK[START] points back to the header node. (correct)
  • LINK[START] is NULL.
  • The header node contains no data.

    • What does the TRAVCHL algorithm do?

    <p>It traverses the circular header list and processes each node. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about a circular header list is true?

    <p>All pointers contain valid addresses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation is performed by the SRCHL algorithm?

    <p>It finds the location of the first occurrence of a specific item. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if an item is not found during the execution of the SRCHL algorithm?

    <p>LOC is set to NULL. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the FINDLOCHL algorithm do?

    <p>It finds the location and predecessor of the first node containing a specific item. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of circular header lists?

    <p>They do not use a header node. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does traversing a circular header list differ from traversing a grounded header list?

    <p>Circular lists require no special handling of the first node. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a grounded header list, which node contains the NULL pointer?

    <p>The last node (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between a grounded header list and a circular header list?

    <p>A grounded header list uses a NULL pointer to indicate the end of the list, while a circular header list does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the TRAVCHL algorithm?

    <p>To traverse and process each node in a circular header list. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the SRCHL algorithm, what condition determines if the item has been found within the circular header list?

    <p>INFO[PTR] == ITEM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could be a potential advantage of using a circular header list over an ordinary linked list?

    <p>Circular header lists can be used for implementing stacks and queues more efficiently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the algorithm FINDLOCHL differ from SRCHL?

    <p>FINDLOCHL finds the location of the predecessor node of the node containing the item. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a circular header list, why is it advantageous that every node has a predecessor?

    <p>It simplifies the process of deleting the first node. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial value assigned to the PTR variable in both the TRAVCHL and SRCHL algorithms?

    <p>LINK[START] (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements is TRUE about Circular Header Lists?

    <p>They eliminate the need for a special case for the first node. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the 'PROCESS' operation in the TRAVCHL algorithm?

    <p>To perform a specific operation on each node in the list. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Header Node

    A special node at the start of a header linked list that has no data.

    Grounded Header List

    A type of header linked list where the last node points to NULL, indicating the end of the list.

    Circular Header List

    A header linked list where the last node points back to the header node, creating a loop.

    Traversal Algorithm

    The process of applying an operation to each node in a circular header list.

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    SRCHL Algorithm

    An algorithm to locate the position of an item in a circular header list.

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    INFO Pointer

    Array storing data for each node in a header list.

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    LINK Pointer

    Array that stores the addresses of the next nodes in a header list.

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    Locating an Item

    Process of finding the location of the first occurrence of an item in the list.

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    Deleting a Node

    Finding and removing the first node containing a specific item in a header list.

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    Sentinel Node

    A special node that indicates the end of a circular header list.

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    Header Linked List

    A linked list containing a header node at the start.

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    Grounded Header vs. Circular Header

    Grounded headers end with NULL; Circular headers connect back to the header.

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    Traversal Process

    The algorithm for visiting each node and applying an operation.

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    Circular Header List Properties

    All pointers valid; every node has a predecessor.

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    Applying PROCESS

    An operation applied to each node during traversal.

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    Finding an Item

    The search algorithm that finds the first occurrence of an item.

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    Setting LOC

    Assigns the location of the found item in the list.

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    Finding the Predecessor Node

    Locating the node before the one containing the item.

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    NULL Pointer Usage

    Indicates an empty list in a grounded header list.

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    Advantages of Circular Header Lists

    Avoids special cases and ensures all nodes accessible.

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    Study Notes

    Header Linked Lists

    • A header linked list is a linked list that always contains a special node called the header node, situated at the beginning of the list.
    • Two common types of header lists are grounded and circular.

    Grounded Header List

    • In a grounded header list, the last node contains a NULL pointer.
    • The list pointer START always points to the header node.
    • If the list is empty, LINK[START] = NULL.

    Circular Header List

    • In a circular header list, the last node points back to the header node.
    • The list pointer START always points to the header node.
    • If the list is empty, LINK[START] = START.

    Header Linked Lists (General Properties)

    • The first node in a header list is the node following the header node.
    • A header node is an additional node, holding no data, ensuring every node has a predecessor.
    • Unless specified, header lists are typically circular.
    • Consequently, the header node acts as a sentinel marking the end of the circular list.
    • Circular header lists replace ordinary linked lists to avoid null pointers, as each pointer holds valid addresses.
    • Every node possesses a predecessor, making a special case for the first node unnecessary.

    Traversing a Circular Header List

    • Algorithm TRAVCHL(INFO, LINK, START).
    • Input: A circular header list in memory (LIST).
    • The algorithm traverses LIST, applying an operation PROCESS to each node.
    • To begin, set a pointer PTR = LINK[START].
    • Repeat steps 3 and 4 while PTR is not equal to START.
    • Apply the operation PROCESS to INFO[PTR].
    • Update PTR by resetting it to LINK[PTR].
    • Exit.

    Locating an ITEM

    • Algorithm SRCHL(INFO, LINK, START, ITEM, LOC).
    • Input: A circular header list in memory (LIST), target ITEM.
    • The algorithm finds the location (LOC) of the first occurrence of ITEM within LIST. If ITEM is absent, LOC is set to NULL.
    • Start by setting PTR = LINK[START].
    • Repeat while INFO[PTR] is not equal to ITEM and PTR is not equal to START.
    • Update PTR to LINK[PTR].
    • If INFO[PTR] == ITEM, then set LOC = PTR. Otherwise, set LOC = NULL.
    • Exit.

    Deleting the First Node Containing ITEM in CHL

    • Algorithm FINDLOCHL(INFO, LINK, START, ITEM, LOC, LOCP)
    • This algorithm locates the first node containing ITEM, storing its location in LOC and the location of its predecessor in LOCP.
    • If ITEM is not found, LOC is set to NULL.
    • Set SAVE = START, PTR = LINK[START].
    • Repeat while INFO[PTR] is not equal to ITEM and PTR is not equal to START
    • Set SAVE = PTR and PTR = LINK[PTR].
    • If INFO[PTR] == ITEM, set LOC = PTR and LOCP = SAVE. Otherwise, set LOC = NULL and LOCP = SAVE.
    • Exit.

    Deleting a Node by its position

    • Algorithm DELETEHL(INFO, LINK, START, AVAIL, ITEM).
    • Deletes the first node containing ITEM in a circular header list.
    • Calls FINDLOCHL to find ITEM's position.
    • If ITEM is not found, report the error.
    • Update pointers for deletion.
    • Return the freed node to AVAIL.

    Inserting in CHL

    • The study material provided suggests this is a task to be done by the student.

    Application of Linked Lists: Polynomial Representation

    • Linked lists are suitable for representing polynomials.
    • Example: 10x6 + 20x3 + 55.
    • Nodes hold coefficient and exponent values.
    • A structure example: coef, expon, link – Each node stores the coefficient, exponent, and pointer to the next node.

    Polynomial Representation (Example)

    • A sample polynomial representation: 2x8 – 5x7 – 3x2 + 4
    • The representation is done through a linked list containing a header node 0, -1, 2, 8, -5, 7, -3, 2, 4, 0.

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    Header Linked Lists PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of header linked lists, including grounded and circular header lists. You will learn about the properties and behaviors of these data structures, as well as the importance of the header node. Test your understanding of linked lists through this informative quiz.

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