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Questions and Answers
What action is performed bilaterally by the upper trapezius muscle?
What action is performed bilaterally by the upper trapezius muscle?
- Neck Extension (correct)
- Neck Rotation
- Lateral Neck Flexion
- Trunk Flexion
Which muscle assists in lateral trunk flexion when acting unilaterally?
Which muscle assists in lateral trunk flexion when acting unilaterally?
- Rectus Abdominis
- Quadratus Lumborum (correct)
- Erector Spinae (correct)
- Transverse Abdominis
The internal oblique muscle primarily facilitates which movement unilaterally?
The internal oblique muscle primarily facilitates which movement unilaterally?
- Trunk Extension
- Opposite Side Trunk Rotation
- Neck Flexion
- Same Side Trunk Rotation (correct)
What is the action of the rectus abdominis muscle when acting bilaterally?
What is the action of the rectus abdominis muscle when acting bilaterally?
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Which muscle aids in respiration and performs neck flexion bilaterally?
Which muscle aids in respiration and performs neck flexion bilaterally?
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Study Notes
Head and Neck Muscles
-
Sternocleidomastoid
- Originates from the sternum and clavicle
- Inserts into the mastoid process
- Unilateral action: Ipsilateral neck flexion and contralateral neck rotation
- Bilateral action: Neck flexion
-
Scalenes
- Originates from the cervical vertebrae
- Inserts into ribs 1-2
- Unilateral action: Ipsilateral neck flexion
- Bilateral action: Neck flexion and aids in respiration
-
Splenius Capitis
- Originates from the lower cervical spine and upper thoracic spine
- Inserts into the occipital bone and cervical vertebrae
- Unilateral action: Ipsilateral neck extension
- Bilateral action: Neck extension
-
Upper Trapezius
- Originates from the spinous processes of the cervical spine
- Inserts into the occipital bone, clavicle
- Unilateral action: Ipsilateral neck extension
- Bilateral action: Neck extension
Trunk Muscles
-
External Oblique
- Originates from lower ribs
- Inserts into the anterior iliac crest and pubic symphysis
- Unilateral action: Contralateral trunk rotation
- Bilateral action: Stabilizes viscera and aids in trunk flexion
-
Internal Oblique
- Originates from the iliac crest
- Inserts into the lower ribs, costal cartilage, and pubis
- Unilateral action: Ipsilateral trunk rotation
- Bilateral action: Stabilizes viscera and aids in trunk lateral flexion
-
Transverse Abdominis
- Originates from the iliac crest and inguinal ligament
- Inserts into the linea alba, pubis, and abdominal connective tissue
- Bilateral action: Compresses and stabilizes visceral organs
-
Rectus Abdominis
- Originates from the pubic symphysis
- Inserts into the xiphoid process and costal cartilage
- Bilateral action: Forward trunk flexion, stabilizes viscera, and stabilizes pelvic floor
-
Erector Spinae
- Originates from the nuchal ligament, ribs, sacrum, and lumbar spine
- Inserts into the mastoid process, ribs, cervical and thoracic spine
- Unilateral action: Ipsilateral trunk flexion
- Bilateral action: Trunk extension and posture
-
Quadratus Lumborum
- Originates from the iliac crest
- Inserts into rib 12 and the lumbar spine
- Unilateral action: Ipsilateral trunk flexion
- Bilateral action: Lumbar spine extension
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