Untitled Quiz

Measurement Types

• Various types of measurements include distance (km), weight (kg), temperature (°C), and volume (L).
• Measured examples: 21 km (distance), 22 kg (weight), 33°C (temperature), 3.1 L (volume).

Unit Identification

• Common units:
  • 0.9 mL = milliliters (volume)
  • 2.4 cm = centimeters (length)
  • 19 kg = kilograms (weight)
  • 41 h = hours (time)
  • 373 K = Kelvin (temperature)

Scientific Notation

• Conversion to scientific notation:
  • 190,000,000 g = 1.9 x 10^8 g
  • 0.00023 m = 2.3 x 10^-4 m
  • 345 °C = 3.45 x 10^2 °C
  • 0.23 mL = 2.3 x 10^-1 mL
  • 0.054 s = 5.4 x 10^-2 s
  • 4200 cm = 4.2 x 10^3 cm

Significant Figures

• Smaller numbers in comparisons:
  • 4.9 × 10^-3 s < 5.5 × 10^-9 s
  • 1250 kg < 3.4 x 10^2 kg
  • 0.0000004 m < 5 x 10^-8 m
  • 2.50 × 10^2 g > 4 × 10^-2 g

Standard Numbers and Rounding

• Conversion from scientific to standard form:
  • 3.6 × 10^-5 L = 0.000036 L
  • 8.75 × 10^4 cm = 87500 cm
  • 3 × 10^-2 mL = 0.03 mL
  • 2.12 × 10^5 kg = 212000 kg
• Rounding examples to three significant figures:
  • 3.645 kg → 3.66 kg
  • 652.5840 L → 653 L
  • 0.0045856305 cm → 0.00459 cm

Measured vs Exact Numbers

• Exact numbers involve counting, while measured numbers have uncertainty:
  • 24 students (exact count)
  • 1.2 × 10^8 years (measured)
  • 104 kg (measured weight)
  • 201 mg/100 mL (measured value)

Significant Figures Assessment

• Identification of significant figures:
  • 40.9 °C = 3
  • 9.00 m = 3
  • 0.000040 L = 2
  • 1208 y = 4
  • 8.006 × 10^9 g = 4
  • 30.20 L = 4
  • 3081.80 g = 6

Metric Relationships and Units

• Metric conversions:
  • 1 kg = 1000 g
  • 1 mL = 0.001 L
  • 1 g = 0.001 kg
  • 1 g = 1,000,000 μg

Unit Comparisons

• Smaller units:
  • mg < g
  • mm < cm
  • mm < m
  • mL < L
  • mg < kg

Energy Concepts

• Classification of energy:
  • Potential energy: food energy, tightly wound springs.
  • Kinetic energy: moving cars, earthquakes.
• Potential energy increases when moving against gravity (e.g., gondola, pumped water).

Temperature Conversions

• Formulas used for temperature conversion between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
• Examples illustrate conversions between degrees.

States of Matter

• Matter classification:
  • Elements: iron (Fe), compounds: propane (C3H8), mixtures: soft drink.
  • Homogeneous: nonfat milk, gasoline; heterogeneous: chocolate-chip ice cream, peanut butter sandwich.

Properties of Matter

• Physical properties: color, state at room temperature, resistance to corrosion.
• Chemical properties: reactivity, combustion in air.

Energy Calculations

• Specific heat calculations based on mass, temperature changes, and energy absorbed.
• Energy changes involve joules and kilocalories based on heat transfer in water.

Clinical Applications

• Dosage calculations based on stock on hand, patient weight, and medication concentration.

Final Calculations

• Kilocalories from food contents based on carbohydrates, fats, and proteins evaluated through provided caloric values.