31 Questions
What is one of the symptoms of electrical shock?
Violent muscle contractions
What influences the severity of electrical shock?
Duration and magnitude of the shock
What is the final trauma usually determined by in an electrical shock incident?
Most critical path 'shock circuit'
Why does a given amount of current flow usually cause less trauma to a person in good physical condition?
Due to lower resistance in healthy individuals
What is a common consequence of burns caused by electric current involving vital internal organs?
Respiratory problems
What is the formula to approximate the energy produced by current flow through body tissues?
J = I^2.R.t
Why are burns caused by electric current almost always third-degree?
Due to burning from the inside of the body
What is the effect of higher frequencies on the effects of Joule (I2t) heating?
The effects become less significant
What are the possible effects of higher voltages in electrical injuries?
Increased cellular voltage gradients
What is the main danger of current passage through the body's central nervous system?
Fatal damage
At what voltage may the epidermis be punctured, leading to a dramatic increase in current magnitude?
V > 400 V
What is the formula for total current flow when a worker contacts a 120-V circuit due to an internal short-circuit in an electric drill?
$I = \frac{R}{E} + R_2$
What is the range at which an average individual can let go from an electrical circuit?
$6-25$ mA (women), $9-30$ mA (men)
What is generally more likely to cause ventricular fibrillation?
Long duration of current through the heart
Which parameter is directly proportional to the energy delivered to the body by current flow?
Current duration
What is the final trauma usually determined by in an electrical shock incident?
Most critical path 'shock circuit'
What may be a possible symptom of electrical shock?
Violent muscle contractions
Why are burns caused by electric current almost always third-degree?
Burning from the inside of the body
What does a given amount of current flow usually cause less trauma to a person in good physical condition?
Higher resistance to electric current
What factor influences the severity of electrical shock related to the victim?
Physical condition and responses
What is the main danger of current passage through the body's central nervous system?
Threat to cognitive functions
What is the formula for approximating the energy produced by current flow through body tissues?
J = I2.R.t
What can higher voltages cause in electrical injuries?
Electrical arcing and intense electroporation
What is the main danger of current passage through the body's central nervous system?
Fatal damage to the nervous system
At what voltage can the epidermis be punctured, leading to a dramatic increase in current magnitude?
> 400 V
What is the range at which an individual cannot let go, but can be thrown away from the circuit if extensor muscles are involved?
6–25 mA (women), 9–30 mA (men)
What is the formula for total current flow when a worker contacts a 120-V circuit due to an internal short-circuit in an electric drill?
$I = E / (R_1 + R_2)$
What is generally more likely to cause ventricular fibrillation?
Short duration of high current flow through the heart
What does higher frequency do to the effects of Joule (I2t) heating?
Decreases the effects of Joule heating
Why are burns caused by electric current almost always third-degree?
Resulting from deep tissue damage and necrosis
What is generally not perceptible at currents below 1 mA?
Strong involuntary reactions
Learn about the nature of electrical hazards with a focus on electrical shock, including the physical stimulation from current flow through the body, current distribution, critical shock circuit, and symptoms of electrical shock.
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