Untitled Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of ground substance?

Shapeless gel-like substance that makes up most of the ECM (correct)

Strong connective tissue that supports the body

Contains fibrous bundles of collagen

Liquid ECM called plasma

What are collagen fibers?

Flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength.

What do elastic fibers contain?

A high percentage of the protein elastin.

What is the main function of the reticular fiber?

Supports 'nets' within connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is simple epithelial tissue?

Single layer of epithelial cells in contact with the basement membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Define stratified epithelial tissue.

Multiple layers of epithelial cells and the basal lamina. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of pseudostratified epithelial tissue?

Contains one layer of epithelial cells, but appears to have more than one. Signup and view all the answers

What does basement membrane refer to?

Cells at the base of an epithelial layer attached to this. Signup and view all the answers

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

In air sacs in the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is transitional epithelium?

Lining urinary bladder and ureters. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nervous tissue?

Senses stimuli and transmits signals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intercalated discs?

Allows the heart to contract as a unit. Signup and view all the answers

All tissues consist of ______.

cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Signup and view all the answers

What makes elastic fibers special?

They give tissues elasticity and extensibility. Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is muscle tissue?

Contractile tissue Signup and view all the answers

What happens when muscle tissue dies?

It is replaced with dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of defective collagen proteins on joints?

Defective collagen would lead to loss of tensile strength in joints. Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the respiratory membrane facilitate its function?

The thin layers provide a shorter distance for faster gas diffusion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Connective Tissue and Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Ground Substance: Gel-like ECM component containing water, ions, nutrients, glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins.
Collagen Fiber: Provides tensile strength to connective tissues through flexible fibrous protein structure.
Elastic Fiber: Contains elastin for tissue elasticity and extensibility.
Reticular Fiber: Fine collagen-based fibers forming supportive nets within the connective tissue.

Epithelial Tissue Types

Simple Epithelial Tissue: Single layer of cells all contacting the basement membrane.
Stratified Epithelial Tissue: Composed of multiple layers, enhancing protection.
Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissue: Appears layered but is a single layer of cells.

Epithelial Cell Shapes

Squamous Cells: Flat, scale-like epithelial cells suitable for diffusion.
Cuboidal Cells: Cube-shaped cells found in glandular tissue.
Columnar Cells: Column-shaped cells commonly seen in digestive tract linings.

Specific Epithelial Types

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Forms air sacs in lungs for diffusion.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Lines thyroid glands and kidney tubules.
Simple Columnar Epithelium: Lines digestive tract and respiratory passages, often with cilia or microvilli.
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium: Found in nasal cavities and respiratory tract.
Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium: Forms the outer layer of skin.
Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelium: Lines oral cavity, anus, and vagina.

Specialized Epithelia

Transitional Epithelium: Lines urinary bladders and ureters, allows for shape change.

Nervous Tissue

Nervous Tissue: Composed of neurons and neuroglial cells, responsible for sensing stimuli and signal transmission.

Connective Tissue Classifications

Loose Connective Tissue: Contains ground substance as the dominant element, supports organs.
Dense Connective Tissue: Dominated by protein fibers, contributing to tensile strength; includes dense regular and irregular collagenous types.
Cartilage: Strong connective tissues with chondrocytes, providing support while being flexible.

Muscle Tissue Types

Skeletal Muscle Tissue: Striated, multinucleate, voluntary muscle attached to bones.
Cardiac Muscle Tissue: Striated, involuntary muscle that forms the heart, featuring intercalated discs for synchronized contraction.
Smooth Muscle Tissue: Non-striated, involuntary tissue found in hollow organs.

Connective Tissue Locations and Functions

Loose Areolar CT: Commonly found in the basement membrane, provides support.
Reticular CT: Supports spleen and lymph nodes, allows filtration.
Adipose Tissue: Stores fat and energy, found beneath skin and surrounding organs.
Dense Regular Collagenous CT: Present in tendons and ligaments, offers strength in one direction.
Dense Irregular Collagenous CT: Located in dermis and organ capsules, provides strength in multiple directions.

Cartilage Types

Hyaline Cartilage: Provides frictionless surfaces in joints and is found in respiratory structures.
Fibrocartilage: Supports high-stress areas like intervertebral discs.
Elastic Cartilage: More flexible, found in the external ear and epiglottis.

Blood and Bone

Blood Tissue: Liquid ECM (plasma) with cells for transport.
Bone Tissue: Composed of osteons, provides structural support and strength.

Additional Notes on Function and Structure

Intercalated Discs: Facilitate synchronized contraction in cardiac muscle.
Respiratory Membrane: Thin structure of simple squamous epithelium for efficient gas exchange; thicker epithelia would impair function.
Marfan Syndrome: Abnormal elastin affects elasticity in tissues, impairing various organ functions.
Collagenopathies: Defective collagen can lead to joint issues due to weakened connective tissue.
Muscle Replacement: Muscle tissue replaced by dense irregular connective tissue cannot regain normal function.

Hypothetical Organ Construction

Combination of stratified keratinized squamous epithelium, smooth muscle, dense irregular collagenous connective tissue, loose connective tissue, and nervous tissue to fulfill diverse functional requirements.