Hatshepsut: The Female Pharaoh of Egypt

Hatshepsut's Reign and Titles

• Hatshepsut was the aunt, stepmother, and regent of Thutmose III
• She adopted the titles 'king's daughter, king's sister, and great royal wife' on Senenmut's inscription at Aswan
• She was crowned as a woman king with complete titulature HAt-Spswt-Xnmt-imn 'the foremost of women, who embraces Amun' and MAat kA Ra "Maat is the kA of Re"

Monuments and Constructions

• During her 20-year reign, the country was at peace, and gold flowed in from the eastern desert and the south
• She expanded monuments in Kom Ombo, Nekhen, Armant, Elephantine, and El Kab in Upper Egypt
• Hatshepsut and Thutmose III left numerous remains in Nubia at Qasr Ibrim, Sai, Semna, Faras, and Quban
• She built a peripteral temple for Horus of Buhen at Buhen
• At Memphis, she had an alabaster jar fragment from the region of Ptah temple and a colossal alabaster sphinx from the Ramesside temple precinct
• She dedicated a rock-cut shrine, called Speos Artemidos, to the lioness-goddess Pakhet at Beni Hasan
• She rebuilt temples at Hebenu, Hermopolis, and Cusae

Luxor Temple and Mut Temple Complex

• She constructed a set of buildings at Luxor temple, the Mut temple, and the Kamutef shrine to describe and celebrate her birth from Amun
• At Medinet Habu, she built a chapel to Amun, which was completed by Thutmose III
• The temple of Karnak grew under her supervision
• She made the ebony shrine at Mut's temple of Isheru
• She erected the 8th Pylon as a new southern gateway to the temple precinct

Deir el-Bahari and Divine Birth Story

• In her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari, the lower colonnade shows her Nubian campaign and the transport of obelisks for Karnak temple
• The middle colonnade depicts her expedition to Punt to bring back incense trees, gold, and incense
• She invented the story of "Divine Birth" on the north side of the middle colonnade to support her claim to the throne
• The story tells of her divine birth as the daughter of god Amun-Re and Queen Ahmose