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Questions and Answers
What titles did Hatshepsut adopt on Senenmut's inscription at Aswan?
What titles did Hatshepsut adopt on Senenmut's inscription at Aswan?
What was the name of the temple Hatshepsut built at Buhen?
What was the name of the temple Hatshepsut built at Buhen?
What was the name of the shrine Hatshepsut dedicated to the lioness-goddess Pakhet?
What was the name of the shrine Hatshepsut dedicated to the lioness-goddess Pakhet?
What was the condition of the country during most of Hatshepsut's reign?
What was the condition of the country during most of Hatshepsut's reign?
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What was Hatshepsut's relationship to Thutmose III?
What was Hatshepsut's relationship to Thutmose III?
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Where did Hatshepsut build a chapel to Amun, which was later completed by Thutmose III?
Where did Hatshepsut build a chapel to Amun, which was later completed by Thutmose III?
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What was the purpose of the story of 'Divine Birth' created by Hatshepsut?
What was the purpose of the story of 'Divine Birth' created by Hatshepsut?
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What was depicted in the lower colonnade of Hatshepsut's mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari?
What was depicted in the lower colonnade of Hatshepsut's mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari?
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Who is credited with fashioning the child and his kA on his wheel in the story of 'Divine Birth'?
Who is credited with fashioning the child and his kA on his wheel in the story of 'Divine Birth'?
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What was the material used to embellish the temple of Karnak, according to the text?
What was the material used to embellish the temple of Karnak, according to the text?
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Study Notes
Hatshepsut's Reign and Titles
- Hatshepsut was the aunt, stepmother, and regent of Thutmose III
- She adopted the titles 'king's daughter, king's sister, and great royal wife' on Senenmut's inscription at Aswan
- She was crowned as a woman king with complete titulature HAt-Spswt-Xnmt-imn 'the foremost of women, who embraces Amun' and MAat kA Ra "Maat is the kA of Re"
Monuments and Constructions
- During her 20-year reign, the country was at peace, and gold flowed in from the eastern desert and the south
- She expanded monuments in Kom Ombo, Nekhen, Armant, Elephantine, and El Kab in Upper Egypt
- Hatshepsut and Thutmose III left numerous remains in Nubia at Qasr Ibrim, Sai, Semna, Faras, and Quban
- She built a peripteral temple for Horus of Buhen at Buhen
- At Memphis, she had an alabaster jar fragment from the region of Ptah temple and a colossal alabaster sphinx from the Ramesside temple precinct
- She dedicated a rock-cut shrine, called Speos Artemidos, to the lioness-goddess Pakhet at Beni Hasan
- She rebuilt temples at Hebenu, Hermopolis, and Cusae
Luxor Temple and Mut Temple Complex
- She constructed a set of buildings at Luxor temple, the Mut temple, and the Kamutef shrine to describe and celebrate her birth from Amun
- At Medinet Habu, she built a chapel to Amun, which was completed by Thutmose III
- The temple of Karnak grew under her supervision
- She made the ebony shrine at Mut's temple of Isheru
- She erected the 8th Pylon as a new southern gateway to the temple precinct
Deir el-Bahari and Divine Birth Story
- In her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari, the lower colonnade shows her Nubian campaign and the transport of obelisks for Karnak temple
- The middle colonnade depicts her expedition to Punt to bring back incense trees, gold, and incense
- She invented the story of "Divine Birth" on the north side of the middle colonnade to support her claim to the throne
- The story tells of her divine birth as the daughter of god Amun-Re and Queen Ahmose
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Description
Explore the life and reign of Hatshepsut, the aunt, stepmother, and regent of Thutmose III, who took the throne and became a female king in ancient Egypt.
