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Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in areas with sufficient iodine levels?
What is the age range when Hashimoto's thyroiditis is most commonly observed?
What is the female to male ratio of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
What is the commonest type of thyroiditis?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
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What is the primary mechanism of pathogenesis in the described condition?
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Which of the following cytokines is involved in the pathogenesis of the described condition?
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What is the characteristic feature of the thyroid gland enlargement in the described condition?
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Which of the following immune cells is not involved in the pathogenesis of the described condition?
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What is the primary role of anti-thyroid antibodies in the described condition?
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What is the approximate female to male ratio of a condition associated with chronic hypocalcemia?
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Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with chronic hypocalcemia?
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What is the primary cause of chronic hypocalcemia in patients with chronic renal failure?
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Which of the following is a complication of untreated chronic hypocalcemia?
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What is the underlying mechanism of chronic hypocalcemia in chronic renal failure?
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What percentage of pancreatic β-cells are lost before metabolic changes appear in renal failure?
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What is the most common cause of pancreatic disorders, representing around 80% of all cases?
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What is the consequence of inadequate secretory response by the pancreatic β-cells in renal failure?
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What is the percentage of pancreatic disorders caused by Hyperplasia?
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What is the percentage of β-cells lost in Carcinoma?
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What is the primary mode of metastasis of the cancer that metastasizes to adjacent lymph nodes?
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Which type of cancer accounts for 50% of metastatic cases?
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What is a characteristic of cancers that do not metastasize to lymph nodes?
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Which of the following statements is true about the most aggressive cancer?
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What is a key difference between cancers that metastasize to lymph nodes and those that do not?
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Study Notes
Thyroiditis
- Most common type of thyroiditis
- Leading cause of hypothyroidism in areas with sufficient iodine levels
Demographics and Pathogenesis
- Female: Male ratio (F:M) = 10-20:1
- Age range: 45-65 years
- Pathogenesis involves cytotoxicity mediated by CD8+ T cells, cytokines (IFN-γ), and anti-thyroid antibodies
Clinical Features
- Painless symmetrical diffuse enlargement
- Notes on metastases:
- Mainly to adjacent lymph nodes (50%)
- Usually by blood
- Most aggressive type
- Do not metastasize to lymph nodes
Other Conditions
- Occur in any conditions associated with chronic hypocalcemia, mostly chronic renal failure
- Female: Male ratio (3:1)
Causes of Thyroid Problems
- Adenoma (benign tumor): 80% most common
- Hyperplasia: 10-15%
- Carcinoma: 5% (90% of β cells lost before metabolic changes appear)
Pancreatic β-cells
- Inadequate secretory response
- Action: pancreatic β-cells lost (90% of β cells lost before metabolic changes appear)
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Description
This quiz assesses your knowledge on the commonest type of thyroiditis, its role as a cause of hypothyroidism, and its demographics. It covers the age and sex distribution of the disease.
