Hartwell et al. Chapter 6: DNA's Chemical Constituents
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Questions and Answers

What is the sugar molecule attached to a nitrogenous base in a nucleoside?

  • Deoxyribose (correct)
  • Ribose
  • Glucose
  • Pentose

What type of bonds join adjacent nucleotides in a DNA molecule?

  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Disulfide bonds
  • Peptide bonds
  • Phosphodiester bonds (correct)

What is the direction of the phosphodiester bonds in a DNA molecule?

  • 2'-to-4'
  • 4'-to-2'
  • 3'-to-5'
  • 5'-to-3' (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

<p>Thymidine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adding a phosphate group to a nucleoside?

<p>A nucleotide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bond that links a nitrogenous base to a sugar molecule in a nucleoside?

<p>Glycosidic bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of DNA synthesis?

<p>5' to 3' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides the energy for DNA synthesis?

<p>High-energy phosphate bonds associated with dNTPs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

<p>To catalyze new phosphodiester bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the replication process?

<p>Two identical daughter double helices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of nucleotides determined by?

<p>The complementary base pairing of the template strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the template and newly synthesized strands?

<p>They are antiparallel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?

<p>Creation of new allele combinations for unlinked genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of chromosomes, aside from proteins?

<p>DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why DNA is considered too simple to specify genetic complexity?

<p>It is composed of only four different types of nucleotides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of crossing over during meiosis?

<p>Creation of new allele combinations for linked genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between DNA and protein in terms of their composition?

<p>DNA is composed of 4 nucleotides, while protein is composed of 20 amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA repair enzymes?

<p>To correct errors in DNA replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate ratio of A to T and G to C in the DNA of various organisms?

<p>1:1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proofreading in DNA polymerase?

<p>To excise misincorporated bases during replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?

<p>New allelic combinations for unlinked genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds hold the two chains of DNA together?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of redundancy in DNA?

<p>To ensure the accuracy of genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the strands in the double helix structure of DNA?

<p>Antiparallel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of mistakes during meiosis?

<p>Nondisjunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that carries genetic information?

<p>Base sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

<p>To create new allelic combinations for linked genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which genetic information is copied and transmitted to future generations?

<p>DNA replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which genetic information can change?

<p>Mutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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