29 Questions
What is the sugar molecule attached to a nitrogenous base in a nucleoside?
Deoxyribose
What type of bonds join adjacent nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
Phosphodiester bonds
What is the direction of the phosphodiester bonds in a DNA molecule?
5'-to-3'
Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?
Thymidine
What is the result of adding a phosphate group to a nucleoside?
A nucleotide
What is the name of the bond that links a nitrogenous base to a sugar molecule in a nucleoside?
Glycosidic bond
What is the direction of DNA synthesis?
5' to 3'
What provides the energy for DNA synthesis?
High-energy phosphate bonds associated with dNTPs
What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
To catalyze new phosphodiester bonds
What is the result of the replication process?
Two identical daughter double helices
What is the sequence of nucleotides determined by?
The complementary base pairing of the template strand
What is the relationship between the template and newly synthesized strands?
They are antiparallel
What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?
Creation of new allele combinations for unlinked genes
What is the primary component of chromosomes, aside from proteins?
DNA
What is the primary reason why DNA is considered too simple to specify genetic complexity?
It is composed of only four different types of nucleotides
What is the result of crossing over during meiosis?
Creation of new allele combinations for linked genes
What is the key difference between DNA and protein in terms of their composition?
DNA is composed of 4 nucleotides, while protein is composed of 20 amino acids
What is the primary function of DNA repair enzymes?
To correct errors in DNA replication
What is the approximate ratio of A to T and G to C in the DNA of various organisms?
1:1
What is the role of proofreading in DNA polymerase?
To excise misincorporated bases during replication
What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?
New allelic combinations for unlinked genes
What type of bonds hold the two chains of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
What is the purpose of redundancy in DNA?
To ensure the accuracy of genetic information
What is the direction of the strands in the double helix structure of DNA?
Antiparallel
What is the consequence of mistakes during meiosis?
Nondisjunction
What is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that carries genetic information?
Base sequence
What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?
To create new allelic combinations for linked genes
What is the process by which genetic information is copied and transmitted to future generations?
DNA replication
What is the mechanism by which genetic information can change?
Mutation
This quiz covers the chemical structure of DNA, including deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and the four nitrogenous bases. It's based on Hartwell et al.'s 4th edition, Chapter 6. Test your knowledge of DNA's chemical components!
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