Hartwell et al. Chapter 6: DNA's Chemical Constituents
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Questions and Answers

What is the sugar molecule attached to a nitrogenous base in a nucleoside?

  • Deoxyribose (correct)
  • Ribose
  • Glucose
  • Pentose

    • What type of bonds join adjacent nucleotides in a DNA molecule?

  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Disulfide bonds
  • Peptide bonds
  • Phosphodiester bonds (correct)

    • What is the direction of the phosphodiester bonds in a DNA molecule?

  • 2'-to-4'
  • 4'-to-2'
  • 3'-to-5'
  • 5'-to-3' (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

    <p>Thymidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adding a phosphate group to a nucleoside?

    <p>A nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bond that links a nitrogenous base to a sugar molecule in a nucleoside?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of DNA synthesis?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the energy for DNA synthesis?

    <p>High-energy phosphate bonds associated with dNTPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

    <p>To catalyze new phosphodiester bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the replication process?

    <p>Two identical daughter double helices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of nucleotides determined by?

    <p>The complementary base pairing of the template strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the template and newly synthesized strands?

    <p>They are antiparallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?

    <p>Creation of new allele combinations for unlinked genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of chromosomes, aside from proteins?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why DNA is considered too simple to specify genetic complexity?

    <p>It is composed of only four different types of nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>Creation of new allele combinations for linked genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between DNA and protein in terms of their composition?

    <p>DNA is composed of 4 nucleotides, while protein is composed of 20 amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA repair enzymes?

    <p>To correct errors in DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate ratio of A to T and G to C in the DNA of various organisms?

    <p>1:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proofreading in DNA polymerase?

    <p>To excise misincorporated bases during replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?

    <p>New allelic combinations for unlinked genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds hold the two chains of DNA together?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of redundancy in DNA?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the strands in the double helix structure of DNA?

    <p>Antiparallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of mistakes during meiosis?

    <p>Nondisjunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that carries genetic information?

    <p>Base sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>To create new allelic combinations for linked genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which genetic information is copied and transmitted to future generations?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which genetic information can change?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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