90 Questions
Which group of fungi includes decomposers such as bread molds?
Zygomycetes
What is the common name for the group of fungi that includes mushrooms and puffballs?
Basidiomycetes
What is the reproductive cell of fungi that can develop into a new individual?
Spore
What is the term for the union of the cytoplasm from two parent mycelia in fungi?
Plasmogamy
What is the intimate association between a fungus and a green alga (or cyanobacterium) called?
Lichens
What is the term for the mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots?
Mycorrhizae
Which of the following is a practical use of fungi?
Producing antibiotics
What is the relationship between fungi and their hosts?
Parasitic
Which disease is caused by a fungus?
All of the above
What is the role of yeast in the production of alcoholic beverages and breads?
To cause fermentation
Which fungus is used in the production of blood pressure medicine?
Claviceps purpurea
What are some examples of food sources derived from fungi?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a shape that bacteria can occur in?
Cubical
What is the function of a capsule in prokaryotes?
To stick to a substrate or another prokaryote
Which of the following is a thick-coated resistant cell produced by some bacterial cells when they are exposed to harsh conditions?
Endospore
What is the function of fimbriae in prokaryotes?
To stick to a substrate or another prokaryote
Which of the following is a hair-like appendage that pulls two prokaryotes together for DNA transfer?
Pili
What is the subunit of the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria and archaea?
Muramic acid
Which type of bacteria has an outer membrane that helps protect it from the body's defenses?
Gram negative bacteria
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do not.
How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?
By binary fission
What is the process called when a living cell acquires DNA fragments released by dead cells?
Transformation
Which type of prokaryotes convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological fixation?
Cyanobacteria
What is the main difference between bacteria and archaea?
Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while archaea do not.
Which of the following is NOT a mode of access for disease-causing bacteria?
Access through bites of insects and other organisms
Which of the following is true about fungi?
They are heterotrophs and cannot make their own food
What is the function of arbuscules in mycorrhizal fungi?
They are sites of nutrient exchange between the fungus and the plant
Which type of mycorrhizal fungi extends over the root surface and grows into the intercellular spaces of the root cortex?
Ectomycorrhizal fungi
What is the primary function of mycorrhizae in plants?
To form connections between plants and transfer nutrients
How do fungi reproduce?
Both sexually and asexually
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of prokaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria?
Toxic lipids in the cell walls
Which of the following is a method of genetic recombination in prokaryotes?
Conjugation
Which of the following is NOT a mode of access for disease-causing bacteria?
Direct contact
Which of the following is a characteristic of Archaea?
Presence of peptidoglycan in cell wall
Which of the following is a role of bacteria in the environment?
Decomposing organic waste
Which group of fungi includes decomposers such as bread molds?
Zygomycetes
What is the common name for the group of fungi that includes cup fungi and truffles?
Ascomycetes
Which group of fungi includes mushrooms and puffballs?
Basidiomycetes
What is the term for the mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots?
Mycorrhizae
What is the function of fungi in the breakdown of organic material?
Release nutrients such as nitrogen
What is the primary role of the fungus in a lichen association?
Provide a suitable growing environment
Which of the following is NOT a mode of access for disease-causing bacteria?
Access through inhalation of contaminated air
What is the term for the specialized branching hyphae in mycorrhizal fungi?
Arbuscules
What is the primary function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)?
To facilitate nutrient compound uptake
What is the nitrogen-containing polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi?
Chitin
What is the term for the mass of hyphae in fungi?
Mycelium
What is the primary function of Bacillus thuringiensis in relation to tomato hornworm?
To control caterpillars and worms
Which of the following is NOT a practical use of fungi?
Production of blood pressure medicine
Which of the following is a disease caused by a fungus?
Claviceps purpurea
What is the main difference between bacteria and fungi?
Bacteria are prokaryotic, while fungi are eukaryotic
What is the term for the mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots?
Mycorrhizae
How do fungi reproduce?
Both sexually and asexually
What is the function of arbuscules in mycorrhizal fungi?
Absorb nutrients from the host plant
Which of the following is NOT a function of the capsule in prokaryotes?
Protection against desiccation
What is the primary function of pili in prokaryotes?
DNA transfer
Which of the following is NOT a shape that bacteria can occur in?
Helical
What is the subunit of the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria and archaea?
Muramic acid
Which of the following is a mechanism of movement in prokaryotes?
Chemotaxis is movement in response to chemicals
Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria?
Outer membrane
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of prokaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Which of the following is a method of genetic recombination in prokaryotes?
Conjugation
Which type of bacteria has an outer membrane that helps protect it from the body's defenses?
Gram-negative
What is the function of fimbriae in prokaryotes?
Attachment to surfaces
Which of the following is a disease caused by a fungus?
Athlete's foot
What is the primary function of pili in prokaryotes?
Attachment to surfaces
Which group of fungi includes the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?
Ascomycetes
What is the main method of reproduction in fungi?
Meiosis
What is the function of the mycelium in fungi?
To absorb nutrients
What is the role of the pheromones in sexual reproduction of fungi?
To signal the start of plasmogamy
Which group of fungi includes the mushrooms and puffballs?
Basidiomycetes
What is the primary role of fungi in the environment?
To break down organic material
Which of the following is a practical use of fungi?
Producing antibiotics
What is the term for fungi that absorb nutrients from a living host but harm the host in the process?
Pathogenic fungi
Which of the following is an example of a disease caused by fungi?
All of the above
What is the primary function of yeast in the fermentation process of alcoholic beverages and breads?
Producing ethanol
Which group of fungi is responsible for the production of antibiotics such as Penicillin?
Ascomycetes
What is the medicinal use of Ergot, a type of ascomycete fungus?
Blood pressure medicine
Which of the following is NOT a mode of access for disease-causing bacteria?
Access through inhalation
What is the primary function of pili in prokaryotes?
Exchange genetic material between prokaryotes
What is the primary function of mycorrhizae in plants?
Increase root surface area for nutrient uptake
What is the term for the union of the cytoplasm from two parent mycelia in fungi?
Plasmogamy
Which group of fungi includes decomposers such as bread molds?
Zygomycetes
What is the primary role of the fungus in a lichen association?
Provide nutrients to the photosynthetic partner
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotes?
They have a capsule surrounding the cell wall
Which of the following is a function of fimbriae in prokaryotes?
To stick to substrates or other prokaryotes
What is the primary difference between Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell walls in bacteria and archaea?
The reaction to cell wall dye
What is the subunit of the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria and archaea?
Muramic acid
Which of the following is NOT a shape that bacteria can occur in?
Cube-shaped
What is the age of the oldest known fossils of bacteria?
3.5 billion years old
Test your knowledge on harmful bacteria and the diseases they cause. Learn about modes of access and the specific diseases such as diphtheria, whooping cough, meningitis, pneumonia, strep throat, tuberculosis, cholera, dysentery, staphylococcus and salmonella food poisoning, legionnaire disease, botulism, and E. coli.
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