"Harlem" by Langston Hughes: Textual Evidence

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Questions and Answers

In the context of analyzing a piece of writing, what does 'textual evidence' primarily refer to?

  • Background information about the author's life and influences.
  • The author's personal opinions and beliefs about the topic.
  • The reader's emotional response to the text.
  • Specific details or quotes from the text used to support a claim or analysis. (correct)

Why is incorporating textual evidence crucial when making an argument about a piece of literature or writing?

  • It demonstrates the reader's personal connection to the material.
  • It can add variety to your writing, making it more descriptive.
  • It shows that the reader has carefully read the text.
  • It grounds the argument in the actual text, lending credibility and strength to the analysis. (correct)

If an author claims that 'the poem evokes a sense of longing,' what would be the most effective way to support this claim with textual evidence?

  • Researching the author's biography to see if they experienced longing in their life.
  • Analyzing the poem's rhyme scheme and meter.
  • Quoting lines from the poem that use words like 'distant,' 'yearning,' or 'remembering.' (correct)
  • Describing a personal experience of longing.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a claim and textual evidence?

<p>The textual evidence provides the foundation and support for the claim. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of teaching students how to find and use textual evidence in their writing?

<p>To enable students to support their interpretations and arguments with credible source material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of textual analysis, what does it mean to 'paraphrase' evidence?

<p>To restate specific details from the text, in your own words. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of presenting textual evidence is most suitable when you want to convey the essence of a lengthy argument or series of events in the text?

<p>Summarizing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between 'paraphrasing' and 'summarizing' textual evidence?

<p>Paraphrasing restates information in your own words, while summarizing provides a condensed overview of the text. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a writer choose to 'quote' textual evidence directly, rather than paraphrasing or summarizing it?

<p>When the original wording is particularly powerful, persuasive, or essential to the argument. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an argumentative essay, where should textual evidence typically be placed?

<p>Throughout the essay to support and validate the author's claims. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important factor to consider when selecting textual evidence to support a claim?

<p>How directly and strongly the evidence supports the claim. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the inclusion of textual evidence affect the credibility of an argument?

<p>It strengthens the argument by grounding it in factual details from the text. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you are writing an essay arguing that the poem 'Harlem' by Langston Hughes expresses feelings of anger and depression, which of the following pieces of textual evidence would best support your claim?

<p>Lines from the poem such as 'fester like a sore' or 'stink like rotten meat'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of analyzing literature, what does it mean to make an 'inference' based on textual evidence?

<p>To draw a logical conclusion or interpretation based on the evidence presented in the text. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the statement: 'The author’s central argument is that nationalism fosters cultural development.' Which of the following, if found in the text, would serve as the strongest textual evidence to support this assertion?

<p>Phrases such as 'nationalism is one of the most potent factors in the cultural development of a people'. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following illustrates the correct use of textual evidence to support the claim that the poem “Harlem” leaves the author with a feeling of pain?

<p>The use of the phrase “fester like a sore” gives me a feeling of pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way of presenting textual evidence?

<p>Fabricating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed in order to explicitly cite the ideas that support your claim in your writings?

<p>Textual Evidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does textual evidence do to your writings?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of a writer including textual evidence in their work?

<p>To convince their audience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Textual Evidence

Details given by the author to support their claims, revealing the writer's position and making the reading more engaging.

Paraphrasing

Expressing someone else's ideas in your own words.

Summarizing

Briefly stating the main points of a text in a condensed form.

Referencing

Explicitly mentioning a specific section or detail within the text.

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Quoting

Directly restating a part of the text word-for-word, usually enclosed in quotation marks.

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Finding concrete evidence

Finding textual evidence helps readers make inferences using concrete evidence related to claims in writing.

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Textual evidence purpose

Textual evidence is used to support or validate your work

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Study Notes

Textual Evidence

  • Textual evidence provides details from a text to support claims
  • It reveals the writer's position
  • Textual evidence makes the reading more interesting
  • It strengthens, adds variety, or gives weight to an argument

"Harlem" by Langston Hughes Analysis

  • "Harlem" evokes anger and depression
  • Deferring dreams can cause feelings that are hurtful
  • Deferring dreams causes one to become resentful, then overcome by anger
  • Pain arises from the phrase "fester like a sore"
  • Describing deferred dreams as "stink like rotten meat" is unpleasant and causes resentment
  • The poem's end with "Or does it explode?" evokes a certain feeling (not clearly stated)

Author's Claim

  • The author says poem gives them the feeling of anger and depression
  • Exact words from the poem are relevant to ideas of anger and depression
  • The writer’s claim is valid when referencing textual evidence

Textual Evidence and Claims

  • Finding textual evidence helps make inferences
  • Concrete evidence on a claim strengthens the claim
  • Citing ideas that support the claim

Ways to Present Textual Evidence

  • Paraphrasing: Restating the text in own words
  • Summarizing: Stating the text in a shorter way
  • Referencing: Mentioning a specific section in the text
  • Quoting: Directly restating a part of the text

Examples of Claim with Textual Evidence

  • Paraphrasing: The author claims in "Harlem" that a person may feel disappointed
  • Summarizing: "Seven Sundays" (2017) is a heart-warming story about family
  • Referencing: Department of Education ensures quality education during COVID-19
  • Quoting: Langston Hughes wrote of dreams that "stink like rotten meat", creating an unpleasant image

Importance of Textual Evidence

  • Important because textual evidence validates and strengthens writing

Identifying Assertion and Textual Evidence

  • Nationalism is a potent factor in cultural development
  • Love of one’s own country creates good citizens

Puzzles

Occupations with associated clues:

  • Doctor: People ask for prescriptions, uses a stethoscope to hear heartbeats and abnormal sounds
  • Mechanic: People call when tires are flattened, checks radiators and engines
  • Farmer: Uses a harrow and tiller to cultivate the land
  • Teacher: Creates lesson plans, assesses students, checks understanding
  • Engineer: Works with blueprints and calculations, checks structural integrity

Poem Questions

  • What does deferred mean?
  • Dream compared to a raisin, rotten meat, and heavy load?
  • What are the author’s descriptions of a dream deferred?
  • What happens when you don’t go after your dreams, and you defer them at a later time?
  • If you were the author, how would you feel upon writing the poem?
  • Do you agree with the author’s idea that a dream deferred stinks like a rotten meat?

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