Podcast
Questions and Answers
In Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium, the frequency of ______ in a population stays the same over generations.
In Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium, the frequency of ______ in a population stays the same over generations.
alleles
One of the needs for HWE is that there must be ______ mating, meaning organisms mate without preference to genotype.
One of the needs for HWE is that there must be ______ mating, meaning organisms mate without preference to genotype.
random
In order for a population to be in Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium, there should be no ______ flow, meaning no individuals or gametes can enter or exit the population.
In order for a population to be in Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium, there should be no ______ flow, meaning no individuals or gametes can enter or exit the population.
gene
A very ______ population size is necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium and prevent changes from cross breeding.
A very ______ population size is necessary to maintain Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium and prevent changes from cross breeding.
For a population to be stable, there should be no ______ selection affecting the survival or reproduction of individuals.
For a population to be stable, there should be no ______ selection affecting the survival or reproduction of individuals.
Flashcards
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
A state where allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations. In other words, the population is not evolving.
Allele Frequency (p)
Allele Frequency (p)
The frequency of a specific allele (e.g., 'A') within a population. Usually represented by 'p'.
Random Mating
Random Mating
The mating process where individuals have no preference for specific genotypes. Everyone has an equal chance.
No Gene Flow
No Gene Flow
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Large Population Size
Large Population Size
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Study Notes
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- A state of a population where allele frequencies and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations.
- Evolution is the change in allele frequencies.
- In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, populations are not evolving.
- The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to calculate allele and genotype frequencies in a population.
- P = frequency of allele A
- q = frequency of allele a
- p² = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype (AA)
- 2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype (Aa)
- q² = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype (aa)
- p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Five Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- No mutations: No new alleles are introduced or existing alleles are modified.
- No gene flow: No migration of individuals into or out of the population.
- Random mating: Individuals mate randomly, without preference for certain genotypes.
- No genetic drift: The population size is very large, avoiding random fluctuations in allele frequencies.
- No natural selection: All genotypes have equal survival and reproductive success.
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