Hardware and Networking Essentials Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the BIOS in a computer system?

The BIOS allows access to and setup of the computer system at the most basic level.

What does the POST process do during a computer's startup?

POST performs initial diagnostic tests to check for hardware-related issues.

What is the role of an Operating System (OS) in a computer?

An OS acts as an interface between the computer hardware components and the user.

How does DNS support network communication?

<p>DNS helps programs find the IP address of an email recipient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?

<p>DHCP provides IP addresses and configuration to devices on a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you list the seven layers of the OSI model?

<p>The seven layers are physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a domain from a workgroup in a network setting?

<p>In a domain, a centralized server manages data security, while in a workgroup, each PC is responsible for its own data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nodes and links in a network?

<p>Nodes are the devices at endpoints in a network, and links are the physical communication mediums used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a workgroup designed to save hardware resources?

<p>To save hardware resources for organizations such as schools, training institutes, and cybercafés.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a hub operate in a network and what limitations does it have?

<p>A hub operates by broadcasting signals to all ports except the one it received the signal from, and it cannot detect collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the primary function of a CAM table in a switch.

<p>A CAM table stores the MAC addresses of connected devices to make forwarding decisions based on those addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the prerequisites for configuring a server in a network?

<p>A LAN card in connection, a root that is in NTFS, and a server with a static IP address are required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a proxy server within a network?

<p>A proxy server improves network performance and filters unauthorized access to information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the implications of using a subnet mask in an IP address?

<p>A subnet mask differentiates the network address from the host address in an IP address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between dynamic and fixed routing tables.

<p>Dynamic tables update based on network traffic automatically, while fixed tables require manual updates whenever changes occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the hello protocol play in network routing?

<p>The hello protocol helps determine optimal routing by calculating time instead of distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a LAN from a WAN?

<p>A LAN (Local Area Network) covers a small geographic area, while a WAN (Wide Area Network) spans large distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 48-bit MAC address in networking?

<p>The 48-bit MAC address uniquely identifies a device on a local network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is BIOS?

A specialized chip on the motherboard that allows you to access and configure your computer's basic settings.

What is POST?

A series of diagnostic tests performed by the computer after it's powered on to check for hardware problems.

What is an operating system?

A software program that acts as an intermediary between your computer's hardware and the user, making it possible to use your computer effectively.

What is DHCP?

A network protocol that allows computers to automatically get their network settings, such as IP addresses. It helps simplify network configuration.

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What is the OSI model?

A way to organize a network into layers, each layer responsible for a specific communication function. It helps understand complex networking processes efficiently.

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What is a Network Node?

A computer or device connected to a network, capable of sending and receiving data, serving as an endpoint for communication.

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What is a Domain?

A network management model where data security is centralized and all computers are managed by a server.

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What is a Workgroup?

A network management model where each computer is responsible for its own data security and there's no central administration.

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Hub

A network device that operates at Layer 1 (Physical Layer) of the OSI model. It simply broadcasts data to all connected devices without any intelligence or collision detection.

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Switch

A network device that operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model. It uses a MAC address table to forward data to the correct destination device.

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Layer (OSI Model)

A logical partition of a protocol data unit (PDU) process. It defines how information travels from one machine to another over a network connection.

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IP Address

A network address that uniquely identifies a device on a network using the Internet Protocol (IP).

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Proxy Server

A special computer on a network that acts as a gatekeeper for internet access. It can improve performance, filter content, and provide security.

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SDN Controller

A software-defined network (SDN) controller is responsible for managing the network's resources. It centralizes network control and allows for easier configuration and troubleshooting.

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SAP (Service Access Point)

A collection of interface points (APIs) that enable communication between different layers of a network protocol stack.

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MAC Address

A 48-bit hardware address that uniquely identifies a network interface card (NIC) on a local area network (LAN).

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Multicast Routing

The process of sending a message to multiple receivers simultaneously. It optimizes bandwidth usage by delivering one message to many recipients instead of sending individual messages.

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Hierarchical Routing

An algorithm used in network routing to divide the network into regions. This allows routers to reach destinations efficiently without knowing the detailed internal structure of other regions.

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Study Notes

Hardware and Networking Skills in Demand

  • Companies seek strong hardware networking knowledge in candidates
  • In-demand skills relate to hardware components (chips, motherboards, RAM, computer systems, printers, external hard drives, keyboards) and networking elements (modems, circuit boards, switches, routers, cables)

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

  • ROM chip on the motherboard
  • Allows basic computer system access and setup
  • Pronounced "bye-oss"

POST (Power-on Self-Test)

  • Initial diagnostic tests performed by a computer after power-on
  • Checks for hardware issues

CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

  • Full form of CMOS

Operating System (OS)

  • Software that acts as an interface between hardware and the user
  • Essential for running other programs

Client/Server Programs

  • Two types:
    • Used directly by users (e.g., email)
    • Support application programs

DNS (Domain Name System)

  • Supporting program for finding IP addresses of recipients
  • Crucial for applications needing recipient network location

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

  • Application-layer protocol for assigning IP addresses dynamically
  • Uses UDP
  • DHCP port number for server: 67. Client: 68

OSI Model

  • Seven layers:
    • Physical
    • Data Link
    • Network
    • Transport
    • Session
    • Presentation
    • Application

Network Concepts

  • Nodes: Devices at network endpoints
  • Links: Physical communication mediums used by nodes
  • Servers: Responsible for data security and centralized administration in domains
  • Workgroups: Each PC manages its own data; no central administration; suitable for schools, training institutes, cyber cafes
  • IP Addresses: Numerical labels for devices on a network using IP for communication

Network Devices

  • Hub: Layer 1 device; broadcasts signals to all ports except the input port; cannot detect collisions; operates on single collision and broadcast domains
  • Switch: Layer 2 device; maintains a CAM table for MAC addresses and forwarding decisions; operates on single collision and broadcast domains

MAC Address

  • 48-bit hardware address of a LAN card
  • Stored in ROM of the network adapter card
  • Unique identifier for each device

Network Types

  • LAN (Local Area Network)
  • WAN (Wide Area Network)
  • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
  • CN (Content Network)
  • SAN (Storage Area Network)

Server Configuration

  • Prerequisites:
    • Connected LAN card
    • Root partition in NTFS (New Technology File System)
    • Server configured with a static IP address

Proxy Server

  • Server that all computers on a local network must pass through before accessing the internet
  • Used to improve network performance and filter users to prevent unauthorized access

Linux Installation

  • Does not support Windows file systems
  • Uses its own file system (ext2, ext3)
  • Installed on the root partition

Network Protocol Stack

  • SAP (series of interface points)
  • Enables communication between computers and network protocol layers

Subnet Mask

  • Differentiates network and host addresses in IP addresses
  • 0 = host position
  • 1-255= network address

Multicast Routing

  • Sending group messages on a network;routers are divided into regions for efficient routing

DNS Communication

  • Uses UDP for server communication; employs TCP to enhance speed (for reliability) when necessary

Checking IP Address

  • Use command: Start -> Run -> Command -> ipconfig

Routing Tables

  • Fixed Table: updated manually when changes occur
  • Dynamic Table: updated based on network traffic; minimizes manual maintenance
  • Fixed Central Table: reduced to a single table

Routing Protocol Alternatives

  • Hello Protocol: replaces distance calculation to find optimal routes;alternative to Routing Information Protocol
  • Telnet: terminal emulation protocol belonging to application layer

Frame Relay

  • Packet-switching technology
  • Operates at the data-link layer

PAD (Packet Assembler Disassembler)

  • Defined in document X.3
  • Standard protocol between terminal and PAD (X.28) and PAD to network (X.29)
  • Called "Triple X" (X.28, X.29, X.3)

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Description

Test your knowledge about essential hardware and networking skills that are in demand in today's job market. From understanding BIOS to Client/Server programs, this quiz covers the vital components and functions necessary for effective computer operation and networking. Challenge yourself with this comprehensive assessment!

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