Harappan Civilization History
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Questions and Answers

Where was the Harappan Civilization located?

  • In the Brahmaputra Valley region, which is now modern-day Bangladesh and northeastern India.
  • In the Indus Valley region, which is now modern-day China and eastern India.
  • In the Ganges Valley region, which is now modern-day southern India and Sri Lanka.
  • In the Indus Valley region, which is now modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India. (correct)
  • What was the approximate duration of the Harappan Civilization?

  • 3300 to 1300 BCE (correct)
  • 2500 to 1500 BCE
  • 1000 to 500 BCE
  • 2000 to 1000 BCE
  • What was the basis of the economy of the Harappan Civilization?

  • Primarily based on trade with other regions.
  • Primarily based on agriculture and craftsmanship. (correct)
  • Primarily based on hunting and gathering.
  • Primarily based on mining and metallurgy.
  • What was a distinctive feature of the cities in the Harappan Civilization?

    <p>They had sophisticated drainage systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the social structure of the Harappan Civilization?

    <p>It was a complex, urban society with a hierarchical social structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of the art and culture of the Harappan Civilization?

    <p>The development of a written script that has not been fully deciphered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to have contributed to the decline of the Harappan Civilization?

    <p>Environmental changes, drought, and invasion by other groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the legacy of the Harappan Civilization?

    <p>It had a significant impact on the development of subsequent Indian civilizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Geography and Location

    • The Harappan Civilization was located in the Indus Valley region, which is now modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India.
    • The civilization thrived in the fertile plains of the Indus River and its tributaries.

    Timeline

    • The Harappan Civilization flourished from approximately 3300 to 1300 BCE, with three distinct phases:
      1. Early Harappan (3300-2600 BCE)
      2. Mature Harappan (2600-1900 BCE)
      3. Late Harappan (1900-1300 BCE)

    Cities and Architecture

    • The civilization was known for its advanced urban planning and architecture.
    • Major cities included:
      • Mohenjo-Daro
      • Harappa
      • Lothal
      • Kalibangan
    • Cities featured:
      • Sophisticated drainage systems
      • Advanced irrigation systems
      • Well-planned streets and buildings
      • Large public baths and granaries

    Economy and Trade

    • The Harappan Civilization was a Bronze Age society, with a strong economy based on:
      • Agriculture (wheat, barley, rice, and cotton)
      • Trade (with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other regions)
      • Craftsmanship (pottery, jewelry, and textiles)
    • The civilization used a system of weights and measures, and had a standardized currency.

    Social Structure and Culture

    • The Harappan Civilization was a complex, urban society with a hierarchical social structure.
    • The people of Harappa worshipped a variety of gods and goddesses, and had a rich cultural tradition.
    • The civilization is known for its:
      • Sophisticated art and crafts
      • Seals and script (which have not been fully deciphered)
      • Distinctive pottery and jewelry

    Decline and Legacy

    • The Harappan Civilization declined around 1300 BCE, likely due to a combination of factors such as:
      • Environmental changes
      • Drought
      • Invasion by other groups
    • The legacy of the Harappan Civilization can be seen in the development of subsequent Indian civilizations, including the Vedic period and the Mughal Empire.

    Geography and Location

    • Located in the Indus Valley region, now modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India.
    • Thrived in the fertile plains of the Indus River and its tributaries.

    Timeline

    • Flourished from approximately 3300 to 1300 BCE.
    • Three distinct phases: Early Harappan (3300-2600 BCE), Mature Harappan (2600-1900 BCE), and Late Harappan (1900-1300 BCE).

    Cities and Architecture

    • Known for advanced urban planning and architecture.
    • Major cities: Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Lothal, and Kalibangan.
    • City features: sophisticated drainage systems, advanced irrigation systems, well-planned streets and buildings, and large public baths and granaries.

    Economy and Trade

    • Bronze Age society with a strong economy based on agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship.
    • Agricultural products: wheat, barley, rice, and cotton.
    • Traded with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other regions.
    • Craftsmanship: pottery, jewelry, and textiles.
    • Used a system of weights and measures, and had a standardized currency.

    Social Structure and Culture

    • Complex, urban society with a hierarchical social structure.
    • Worshipped a variety of gods and goddesses.
    • Rich cultural tradition: sophisticated art and crafts, seals and script (undeciphered), distinctive pottery and jewelry.

    Decline and Legacy

    • Declined around 1300 BCE due to environmental changes, drought, and invasion by other groups.
    • Legacy seen in the development of subsequent Indian civilizations, including the Vedic period and the Mughal Empire.

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    Description

    Explore the history and geography of the Harappan Civilization, including its location, timeline, and cities. Learn about the Indus Valley region and the three distinct phases of the civilization.

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