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Questions and Answers
What is the process by which a B-cell clone matures into a plasma cell that secretes antibodies against the hapten?
What is the process by which a B-cell clone matures into a plasma cell that secretes antibodies against the hapten?
In the context of haptens modifying normal proteins to make them immunogenic, which type of protein alteration occurs?
In the context of haptens modifying normal proteins to make them immunogenic, which type of protein alteration occurs?
Which cell becomes activated when many molecules of a hapten bind to a host protein and cause cross-linking of antibodies, leading to allergic reactions like hives and bronchoconstriction?
Which cell becomes activated when many molecules of a hapten bind to a host protein and cause cross-linking of antibodies, leading to allergic reactions like hives and bronchoconstriction?
What is the term for the process where an MHC-presented hapten-protein complex is recognized as foreign due to the modification of the protein by the hapten?
What is the term for the process where an MHC-presented hapten-protein complex is recognized as foreign due to the modification of the protein by the hapten?
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Which process involves nonimmunogenic haptens activating cells by clustering antibodies together on a carrier protein?
Which process involves nonimmunogenic haptens activating cells by clustering antibodies together on a carrier protein?
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What role do adjuvants play in enhancing the immune response without binding to antibody or immunogen?
What role do adjuvants play in enhancing the immune response without binding to antibody or immunogen?
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What is a characteristic of haptens in relation to T cell activation?
What is a characteristic of haptens in relation to T cell activation?
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How do haptens stimulate a primary adaptive response?
How do haptens stimulate a primary adaptive response?
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What is the role of helper T cells in the response to haptens?
What is the role of helper T cells in the response to haptens?
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Why can haptens not activate T cells on their own?
Why can haptens not activate T cells on their own?
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In what way do conjugate vaccines utilize haptens?
In what way do conjugate vaccines utilize haptens?
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What distinguishes haptens from antigens in terms of immunogenicity?
What distinguishes haptens from antigens in terms of immunogenicity?
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What is the role of helper T cells in the process of producing antibody to a hapten in conjugate vaccines?
What is the role of helper T cells in the process of producing antibody to a hapten in conjugate vaccines?
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Why is a hapten alone incapable of inducing antibody production?
Why is a hapten alone incapable of inducing antibody production?
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What happens after a hapten-carrier protein complex is internalized by a B cell?
What happens after a hapten-carrier protein complex is internalized by a B cell?
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How do conjugate vaccines enhance the immunogenicity of a weak hapten?
How do conjugate vaccines enhance the immunogenicity of a weak hapten?
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What is the significance of T-cell recognition of carrier protein epitope in antibody production?
What is the significance of T-cell recognition of carrier protein epitope in antibody production?
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Why is the interaction between hapten and B cell insufficient for antibody induction?
Why is the interaction between hapten and B cell insufficient for antibody induction?
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