Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a core principle of behavioral therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a core principle of behavioral therapy?
What is the primary goal of happiness/positive psychotherapy?
What is the primary goal of happiness/positive psychotherapy?
According to Freud's theory, which part of the psyche is responsible for the desire for immediate gratification and pleasure?
According to Freud's theory, which part of the psyche is responsible for the desire for immediate gratification and pleasure?
Which of these therapeutic approaches emphasizes the importance of developing self-efficacy?
Which of these therapeutic approaches emphasizes the importance of developing self-efficacy?
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What is the main focus of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
What is the main focus of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
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Which of Freud's defense mechanisms involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person?
Which of Freud's defense mechanisms involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person?
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In the context of Freud's theory, what is the function of the superego?
In the context of Freud's theory, what is the function of the superego?
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Which of the following techniques is NOT typically used in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
Which of the following techniques is NOT typically used in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
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Which of the following is a key component of the concept of self-efficacy, as described by Bandura?
Which of the following is a key component of the concept of self-efficacy, as described by Bandura?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person with high levels of resilience?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person with high levels of resilience?
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Which of the following is NOT a core concept within the framework of positive psychology?
Which of the following is NOT a core concept within the framework of positive psychology?
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Which of the following is a technique used in happiness/positive psychotherapy to help clients identify and cultivate their positive emotions?
Which of the following is a technique used in happiness/positive psychotherapy to help clients identify and cultivate their positive emotions?
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According to Freud's theory, which of the following is NOT a component of the psyche?
According to Freud's theory, which of the following is NOT a component of the psyche?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of behavioral therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a type of behavioral therapy?
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In the context of Freudian theory, what is the core function of the superego?
In the context of Freudian theory, what is the core function of the superego?
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Which of the following is a core concept of positive psychology that focuses on recognizing and cultivating positive emotional experiences?
Which of the following is a core concept of positive psychology that focuses on recognizing and cultivating positive emotional experiences?
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In the context of Freud's psychodynamic theory, what is the primary function of the id?
In the context of Freud's psychodynamic theory, what is the primary function of the id?
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Which of the following is a critical element of Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, emphasizing an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a specific task?
Which of the following is a critical element of Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, emphasizing an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a specific task?
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In the context of Freud's theory, which of the following is a defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting unacceptable feelings or impulses to another person or object?
In the context of Freud's theory, which of the following is a defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting unacceptable feelings or impulses to another person or object?
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Which of the following is a central principle of behavioral therapy that emphasizes learning through the association of stimuli and responses?
Which of the following is a central principle of behavioral therapy that emphasizes learning through the association of stimuli and responses?
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Which of the following techniques is commonly used in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help clients identify and challenge negative thought patterns?
Which of the following techniques is commonly used in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help clients identify and challenge negative thought patterns?
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Which of the following is a primary goal of happiness/positive psychotherapy?
Which of the following is a primary goal of happiness/positive psychotherapy?
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Which of the following is a core principle of behavioral therapy that utilizes reinforcement to shape desired behaviors?
Which of the following is a core principle of behavioral therapy that utilizes reinforcement to shape desired behaviors?
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Flashcards
Happiness/Positive Psychotherapy
Happiness/Positive Psychotherapy
A therapy focused on enhancing well-being and happiness using positive psychology principles.
Behavioral Therapy
Behavioral Therapy
A treatment approach that emphasizes changing undesirable behaviors through conditioning techniques.
Freud
Freud
The founder of psychoanalysis, known for theories on the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and childhood influences.
Positive Psychology
Positive Psychology
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
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Positive Psychology Principles
Positive Psychology Principles
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Therapeutic Techniques
Therapeutic Techniques
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Behavior Modification
Behavior Modification
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Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Freudian Concepts
Freudian Concepts
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Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
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Unconscious Mind
Unconscious Mind
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Childhood Influences
Childhood Influences
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Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
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Behavioral Therapy Techniques
Behavioral Therapy Techniques
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Positive Psychology Interventions
Positive Psychology Interventions
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Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
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Coping Strategies
Coping Strategies
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Classical Conditioning Applications
Classical Conditioning Applications
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Operant Conditioning Techniques
Operant Conditioning Techniques
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Freudian Defense Mechanisms
Freudian Defense Mechanisms
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Positive Emotions
Positive Emotions
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Therapeutic Alliance
Therapeutic Alliance
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Behavior Modification Goals
Behavior Modification Goals
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Study Notes
Happiness Theories
- Hedonism: Active pursuit of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. Pleasure (physical, emotional, intellectual) is the ultimate goal.
- Peak-end theory: People evaluate experiences based on peak (most intense) and ending moments, regardless of duration.
- Eudaimonia: True happiness comes from living a meaningful life in accordance with one's virtues. It's about fulfilling inner potential and purpose.
Engagement/Flow
- Engagement/flow is a psychological state of complete immersion in an activity, characterized by energized focus, absolute involvement, and a sense of success.
- It's achieved when skills and challenges are in balance and the activity is engaging.
Desire Theory
- Happiness is about getting what one desires, whether or not it involves pleasure. This theory recognizes that challenging experiences are necessary to develop one's capabilities and achieve greater levels of satisfaction.
Hedonic Treadmill
- The hedonic treadmill is the tendency for individuals to return to a stable level of happiness despite positive or negative life events.
- Individuals possess a set point of happiness around which they fluctuate.
Variables Influencing Happiness
- Genetic factors: 50% of overall happiness.
- Circumstantial/material factors: 5%-10%
- Specific variables with high correlations:
- High: having children, being married, income, frequency of sexual intercourse, level of leisure activity, intelligence, extraversion, number of friends, religiousness, being employed, self-esteem, gratitude, age, physical health, neuroticism, conscientiousness, time having positive affect, internal locus of control, happiness of identical twins.
- Moderate: relationship satisfaction
- Weak: intelligence, social class Correlation strength values are approximate.
Happiness Concepts
- Pleasant life: focuses on maximizing positive emotions and minimizing discomfort; seeking positive experiences.
- Engaged life: focused on engaging in activities that benefit one.
- Meaningful life: focused on finding purpose and belonging.
Behavioral Therapy
Classical Conditioning
- Classical Conditioning: a learning process where an existing reflex is associated with a neutral stimulus until the neutral stimulus alone elicits the response
- Before Conditioning:
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Triggers an involuntary reaction (e.g., food)
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): Involuntary reaction to the UCS (e.g., salivation)
- Neutral Stimulus (NS): Doesn't trigger a reaction (e.g., bell)
- During Conditioning: pairing UCS and NS repeatedly
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): Previously neutral stimulus now elicits a response (e.g., bell)
- Conditioned Response (CR): Learned response to the CS (e.g., salivation)
- Extinction: Learned response disappears when CS is presented without the UCS
- Stimulus discrimination: learning to respond to a specific stimulus but not similar stimuli
- Stimulus generalization: Learning to respond to similar, but not identical, stimuli
Operant Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning: learning through consequences; behaviors followed by desirable outcomes are strengthened, while behaviors followed by undesirable outcomes are weakened
- Reinforcement: Increases behavior
- Positive reinforcement: Adding a desirable stimulus (e.g., praise)
- Negative reinforcement: Removing an undesirable stimulus (e.g., noise stops)
- Punishment: Decreases behavior;
- Positive punishment: Adding an undesirable stimulus (e.g., spank)
- Negative punishment: Removing a desirable stimulus (e.g., taking away phone)
- Schedules of reinforcement: Fixed/variable ratio/interval, continuous/partial
Behavioral Assessment
- Identify goals for change in concrete terms (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound – SMART goals).
- Operationalize behaviors and thoughts in observable, measurable terms.
- Separate traits from behaviors (focus on modifying behaviors).
- Obtain baseline data on target behaviors (e.g., frequency, intensity).
- Complete functional analysis (ABC model) – Antecedents, Behaviors, Consequences.
Treatment Planning
- Establish target behaviors (increase/decrease).
- Involve clients actively in the process.
- Develop a behavioral contract (agreement between therapist/client with measurable goals and consequences).
- Problem-solve obstacles; Periodically re-evaluate plans.
- ABC Model: Behavior, Antecedents, Consequences.
Defense Mechanisms
- Projection: Attributing unwanted feelings to another person.
- Displacement: Shifting feelings from one person/object to another.
- Sublimation: Substituting unacceptable impulses into socially desirable behaviors (e.g., channeling anger into sports).
- Regression: Retreating to earlier stages of development (e.g., bed-wetting after a stressful event).
- Rationalization: Creating false reasons for actions (e.g., justifying a poor grade by claiming the test wasn't fair).
- Reaction formation: Converting a feeling into its opposite (e.g., extreme friendliness toward someone one dislikes).
- Denial: Refusing to acknowledge reality (e.g., refusing to acknowledge a serious illness).
Psychosexual Stages (Freud)
- Oral (0-18 months): Pleasure from feeding.
- Anal (18 months–3 years): Bowel and bladder control; independence, self-control
- Phallic (3–5 years): Genital focus; Oedipus/Electra complexes (potentially unresolved conflicts in later life).
- Latency (6–12 years): Repression of sexual desires and focus on social activities, developing friendships.
- Genital (puberty onward): Development of mature sexuality.
Dreams (Freud)
- Manifest content: The actual events or imagery in a dream.
- Latent content: Unconscious desires and conflicts symbolized by manifest content (interpretation requires understanding symbolic meanings).
Implicit Thoughts
- Implicit thoughts are automatic, unconscious associations that influence behavior, developed through experiences or social conditioning (e.g., implicit biases, stereotypes).
Resistance & Transference
- Resistance: Internalized forces preventing clients from confronting or re-experiencing troubling or suppressed events.
- Transference: Clients' unconscious projection of feelings from past relationships onto the therapist (positive or negative).
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Description
Explore various theories of happiness, including Hedonism, Eudaimonia, and the Peak-end theory. Discover how engagement and flow contribute to our understanding of true happiness and the pursuit of desires. This quiz will challenge your perceptions of what it means to live a fulfilling life.
