18 Questions
What is the primary reason we strive for self-actualization?
To achieve our fullest potential
What is a key characteristic of the Esteem needs level?
The feeling of self-worth and the desire to be respected
Which of the following is a reason why people strive for happiness?
Because it is the only thing we want for its own sake
What is the primary difference between self-esteem and self-actualization?
Self-esteem is about feeling valued, while self-actualization is about achieving potential
Which of the following best describes the level of happiness sought by individuals?
Long-term fulfillment and personal growth
What motivates individuals to pursue self-actualization?
Intrinsic desire for personal growth
What is the primary source of happiness at level 1?
Sensual gratification from material objects
What can happen to individuals who focus exclusively on level 1 happiness?
They hit a crisis where life seems shallow and without meaning
What is a potential consequence of excessive focus on level 2 happiness?
Alienation of others and self-absorption
What is a characteristic of happiness at level 2?
It is derived from comparison with others
What is a potential benefit of enjoying pleasures from level 1, as long as it is not the only source of happiness?
It enhances overall well-being
What can be a consequence of focusing on level 2 happiness in the case of failure?
Frustrations and a sense of worthlessness
What is the primary focus of the hedonic perspective on happiness?
Seeking pleasant feelings and avoiding unpleasant ones
According to the eudaimonic perspective, what is the key to achieving happiness?
Fulfilling one's true potential and realizing one's true self
What is the primary difference between the hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives on happiness?
The hedonic perspective focuses on pleasure and pain, while the eudaimonic perspective focuses on fulfilling one's true potential
Which of the following is a characteristic of psychological well-being (PWB) according to Ryff?
Self-acceptance and personal growth
What is the focus of the psychological well-being (PWB) approach?
Fulfilling one's true potential and realizing one's true self
What is the eudaimonic perspective's view on the relationship between desires and well-being?
Only desires that align with one's true potential lead to well-being
Study Notes
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Financial security falls under the second level of needs, which is a safety concern.
- The third level of needs is Love and Belonging, which includes human connection, interpersonal relationships, and feeling accepted.
- The fourth level of needs is Esteem, which includes self-esteem, self-worth, self-love, and the desire to be respected and achieve something.
- The fifth level of needs is Self-Actualization, which is the desire to achieve one's fullest potential and strive for personal growth.
Aristotle's Four Levels of Happiness
- Happiness level 1: Laetus, which is happiness from material objects and sensual gratification, but is short-lived and can lead to a crisis if it's the only source of happiness.
- Happiness level 2: Felix, which is happiness from ego gratification, comparison, and being better than others, but is unstable and can lead to frustrations and a sense of worthlessness.
- Happiness from continuous comparison with others can lead to self-absorption, jealousy, cynicism, and the oppression of others.
- Excessive focus on comparison and self-promotion can alienate others and lead to self-absorption.
Eudaimonic Perspective
- The eudaimonic perspective is based on Aristotle's philosophy of life and defines happiness as the highest good that one seeks and ought to seek as an end in itself.
- It results from a life based on virtuousness and contemplation.
- The eudaimonic perspective proposes that human well-being is a process of fulfilling or realizing one's true self – daimon.
Psychological Well-being (PWB)
- PWB is the counterpart of SWB in the eudaimonic tradition.
- Ryff defines eudaimonia or psychological well-being as the striving for perfection that represents the realization of one's true potentials.
- There are six characters of PWB: self-acceptance, purpose in life, personal growth, autonomy, environmental mastery, and positive relationships.
- Not all desires or outcomes would yield well-being when achieved.
Explore the concept of happiness at the first level, which is based on sensual gratification from external sources. Learn how this type of happiness can be intense but short-lived and how it can lead to a crisis if it's the only source of happiness. Test your understanding of the limitations of pleasure from material objects.
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