Podcast
Questions and Answers
All of the following represent examples of nonspecific immunity except:
All of the following represent examples of nonspecific immunity except:
What is the body's first line(s) of defense?
What is the body's first line(s) of defense?
Skin and mucous membranes.
Inflammation mediators include:
Inflammation mediators include:
The most numerous type of phagocyte is the:
The most numerous type of phagocyte is the:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as 'not self'?
What is the type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as 'not self'?
Signup and view all the answers
All of the following are major types of interferon except:
All of the following are major types of interferon except:
Signup and view all the answers
B cell mechanisms are classified as:
B cell mechanisms are classified as:
Signup and view all the answers
Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called:
Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called:
Signup and view all the answers
Memory cells:
Memory cells:
Signup and view all the answers
The constant region of the light chain in an antibody consists of:
The constant region of the light chain in an antibody consists of:
Signup and view all the answers
An immunoglobulin, or antibody molecule, consists of:
An immunoglobulin, or antibody molecule, consists of:
Signup and view all the answers
The antibody normally constituting the highest percentage of antibodies in the blood is:
The antibody normally constituting the highest percentage of antibodies in the blood is:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following does not describe phagocytosis?
Which of the following does not describe phagocytosis?
Signup and view all the answers
The antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen is:
The antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen is:
Signup and view all the answers
The antibody commonly found in tears and saliva is:
The antibody commonly found in tears and saliva is:
Signup and view all the answers
The function of which antibody is basically unknown?
The function of which antibody is basically unknown?
Signup and view all the answers
The antibody associated with allergic reactions is:
The antibody associated with allergic reactions is:
Signup and view all the answers
The major class of antibody present in the mucous membranes of the body is:
The major class of antibody present in the mucous membranes of the body is:
Signup and view all the answers
The predominant antibody of a secondary response is:
The predominant antibody of a secondary response is:
Signup and view all the answers
The most abundant circulating antibody, the one that normally makes up about 75% of all the antibodies in the blood, is:
The most abundant circulating antibody, the one that normally makes up about 75% of all the antibodies in the blood, is:
Signup and view all the answers
Complement can best be described as a(n):
Complement can best be described as a(n):
Signup and view all the answers
The complement system can be activated by:
The complement system can be activated by:
Signup and view all the answers
According to the clonal selection theory, antigens select lymphocyte clones by:
According to the clonal selection theory, antigens select lymphocyte clones by:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following can activate complement?
Which of the following can activate complement?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is true of lymphokines?
Which of the following is true of lymphokines?
Signup and view all the answers
Specific immunity is controlled by two classes of lymphocytes called:
Specific immunity is controlled by two classes of lymphocytes called:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Nonspecific and Specific Immunity
- Nonspecific immunity provides a general defense mechanism against anything recognized as foreign.
- Specific immunity involves lymphocyte activity, particularly B and T cells.
First Line of Defense
- Skin and mucous membranes are the body's primary barriers against pathogens.
Phagocytes and Inflammation
- Neutrophils are the most abundant type of phagocyte.
- Inflammation mediators include histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins.
Interferon Types
- Major types of interferon include leukocyte interferon, fibroblast interferon, and immune interferon, but not cartilage interferon.
Antibody-Mediated Immunity
- B cell mechanisms act through antibody-mediated immunity.
Antigens and Antibodies
- Antigens are macromolecules that induce immune responses.
- The constant region of the light chain in antibodies is 106 amino acids long.
- Antibodies consist of two heavy and two light polypeptide chains.
Antibody Classification
- IgG is the predominant antibody in the blood, constituting the highest percentage.
- IgM is produced after initial contact with an antigen, while IgA is commonly found in tears and saliva.
- IgE is associated with allergic reactions, while IgD’s function remains largely unknown.
Immune Response and Antibodies
- The secondary immune response predominantly involves IgG antibodies.
- IgG makes up about 75% of circulating antibodies.
Complement System
- Complement refers to enzymes in the blood that enhance immune responses.
- It can be activated by various mechanisms, including antibody binding and nonspecific factors.
Clonal Selection Theory
- Antigens select lymphocyte clones based on the shape of receptors on lymphocyte membranes.
Lymphokines
- Lymphokines, produced by helper T cells, include substances like lymphotoxin that influence immune function.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your understanding of the immune system with these flashcards. The questions cover various aspects of nonspecific immunity, the body's defenses, and inflammation mediators. Perfect for students studying health and anatomy.
